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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In situ observation of Si(001) surface in He atmosphere at high temperatures near the bulk melting temperature (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 2138-2145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Surface melting of Si(001) surface has been investigated by x-ray reflectivity up to the bulk melting temperature: Tm;b. An in situ system was designed for measurements of x-ray reflectivity at high temperatures under an atmosphere of He-gas flow. It has been shown that the surface density changes at T=Tm;s*〈Tm;b−110 K. This change was observed at T=Tm;s* both on cooling and heating (a reversible phenomenon). The density of the near-surface at Tm;b〉T〉Tm;s*, which is larger than that of the bulk solid, is 2.5(1)×103 kg/m3 which is almost the same as that of the bulk liquid, though a macroscopic melting does not occur. This reversible phenomenon indicates the surface melting at T=Tm;s*. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1339856
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular structure and conformation of diisopropyl ether: a gas electron diffraction investigation (1987)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 91 (1987), S. 1015-1019 
    Details
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100289a004
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In situ observation of pitting of stainless steel by XAFS (2001)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 8 (2001), S. 487-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: An in situ observation technique by XAFS (X-ray Absorption Fine Structures) has been developed for observation of metal corrosion. XAFS spectra were obtained with a special electrochemical cell to elucidate pitting: change of concentrations and structures of ions near the interface of solution and metal. It has been successfully shown that the concentrations of Cr and Br are linearly dependent on the distance from the interface. Also, salt formation at the interface and the hydrolysis reaction far from the interface are indicated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049500017192
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In situ observation of phase transformation in an Fe–Zn system at high temperatures using an image plate (1998)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 983-985 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A unique system has been developed for in situ observation of phase transformation at high temperatures. Changes in powder-diffraction patterns from a heated specimen can be measured continuously by scanning an image plate located behind a slit. A heating system has been designed for a sheet specimen (∼5 × 6 mm) using Joule heating, and it can heat the specimen up to 1100 K at a rate of up to 160 K s−1, where effects of thermal expansion are minimized by a mechanism releasing stress. This system was applied to Zn-coated (∼8 µm in thickness) steel. At temperatures higher than the melting point of Zn, different types of Fe–Zn intermetallics formed sequentially through rapid interdiffusion. Changes in phase and crystallographic structure were monitored with a time resolution of less than a few seconds. It has been found that an addition of a small amount of an element, such as P, into Fe changes the incubation time before the alloying reaction starts. This system has been shown to have the potential for application to in situ observation of other reactions at high temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049597017640
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generalized grazing-incidence-angle X-ray diffraction (G-GIXD) using image plates (1998)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 488-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A new and more `generalized' grazing-incidence-angle X-ray diffraction (G-GIXD) method which enables simultaneous measurements both of in- and out-of-plane diffraction images from surface and interface structures has been developed. While the method uses grazing-incidence-angle X-rays like synchrotron radiation as an incident beam in the same manner as in `traditional' GIXD, two-dimensional (area) detectors like image plates and a spherical-type goniometer are used as the data-collection system. In this way, diffraction images both in the Seemann–Bohlin (out-of-plane) and GIXD geometry (in-plane) can be measured simultaneously without scanning the detectors. The method can be applied not only to the analysis of the in-plane crystal structure of epitaxically grown thin films, but also to more general research topics like the structural analysis of polycrystalline mixed phases of thin surface and interface layers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S090904959800123X
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Experimental and theoretical studies of small-angle electron scattering by the water molecule (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 30 (1986), S. 821-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The total (elastic plus inelastic) intensities of 51 keV electrons scattered by water molecules have been measured over a range of 1 ≦ K = (4π/λ) sin(θ/2) ≦ 12 Å-1. A computer program, ELIC, has been written for calculating the total intensities of electrons scattered by free molecules. The intensities can be calculated with self-consistent field and configuration interaction wavefunctions. The theoretical intensities based on a CI wavefunction are in good agreement with the observed intensities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560300611
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Small-Angle electron scattering and electron density in carbon dioxide (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 21 (1982), S. 475-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The total (elastic and inelastic) intensity of electrons scattered by CO2 was measured in the s range of 1 to 12 Å-1 and compared with the theoretical intensity calculated from the Hartree-Fock molecular wave function and those calculated for the independent-atom-model (IAM) molecule. In the range of s ≲ 4 Å-1 the electron correlation effect on the total scattered intensity was found to be represented by that for the IAM molecule.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560210211
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polyesters II: A review of phase behavior in binary blends: Amorphous, crystalline, liquid crystalline, and on transreaction (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Thermal and mechanical studies on many linear polyesters have revealed their behavior in crystalline, liquid crystalline, and amorphous phases. Their phase behavior in binary compositions has also been studied by a range of additional techniques and in combinations including the polycarbonate of bisphenol-A. Regions of amorphous compatibility and incompatibility have been identified and measures made of transition temperature changes with composition. The conditions for transreaction have also been determined and the properties measured for the resultant new copolymers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760290110
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Small-angle electron scattering by formaldehyde and ketene: Effects of electron correlation and chemical binding (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 43 (1992), S. 701-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The total (elastic plus inelastic) intensities of 51 keV electrons scattered by H2CO and H2CCO have been measured over a range of K = (4π/λ) sin(θ/2) = 1-9.5 Å-1 and compared with the theoretical intensities calculated with SCF and CI wave functions. Significant discrepancies are found between the experimental intensities and the theoretical ones based on the SCF wave functions. Most of the chemical binding and electron correlation effects observed in the total scattered intensities are reproduced by the theoretical intensities based on the CI wave functions calculated with the basis set including polarization functions on all atoms. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560430508
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Histological and enzyme histochemical studies on the nephrons of the freshwater fishes, Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 173 (1982), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The nephrons of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) were examined histologically and also histochemically for enzymes. In both species the distal and collecting tubules have much wider lumens than do the other renal tubules; thus urine probably flows more slowly in these larger tubules. Enzyme histochemistry shows that epithelium of the neck and proximal and intermediate tubules respires anaerobically. whereas that of the distal and collecting tubules respires aerobically. The distribution of Na-K-ATPase in the distal and collecting tubules indicates that they also transport sodium actively. The slow flow of urine and the energy produced by aerobic metabolism probably increase the efficiency of active transport.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051730104
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