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  • 1
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    Multi-isotope characterization of water resources for domestic supply in Ljubljana, Slovenia (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-05
    Description: The Ljubljansko polje and Ljubljansko barje aquifer system are the two most important groundwater sources for the Slovenia capital Ljubljana and its surroundings. The groundwater is pumped from 4 wellfields on Ljubljansko polje and one wellfield on Ljubljansko barje. In the central water distribution system some settlements are supplied with water from a single water plant, while some receive water from two or more facilities, depending on the volume of consumed water and pressure conditions. In Ljubljana, the water is prepared in a local water supply system without any technical water preparation procedures and is only chlorinated occasionally. Public Water Utility JP VODOVOD KANALIZACIJA SNAGA Ljubljana (JP VOKA SNAGA) monitors the microbiological and chemical parameters of drinking water at all stages. In 2018 started a new IAEA Coordinated Project F33024 "Use of Isotope Techniques for the Evaluation of Water Sources for Domestic Supply in Urban Areas" in which researchers from 16 countries worldwide participate. The Specific Slovenian Research Objectives in CRP are to improve the assessment of most important freshwater resources for domestic supply using environment isotopes, to select significant environmental isotopes for future monitoring that will enable better understanding and interpretation of water interactions important for water managers of JP VOKA SNAGA to predict the availability and quality of freshwater resources for Ljubljana domestic water supply and to develop together with JP VOKA SNAGA and CRP project partners guidelines on integrating environmental isotopes to assist water managers in the planning, designing, and management of freshwater resources for domestic supply in urban environments. Based on the synthesis of the results from previous investigations in the area and the experiences of JP VOKA SNAGA, 97 sampling sites in the Ljubljana water supply system were selected. Sampling sites were selected according to the water supply area and according to the type of sampling sites. Selection according to the type of sampling site in the water supply system includes 6 different types: wells (VD; 44 samples), joint exits from water pumping station (ZV; 7), reservoirs (VH; 23), water treatment locations (PV; 2), drinking water fountains (PIT; 13) and water tap in public buildings (PJ). Additionally, 10 sampling sites were selected including water taps in 2 public and 8 private buildings (PP) which are not included in regular monitoring of JP VOKA SNAGA. Selection according to the water supply area includes 8 different areas: 4 main water fields: Kleče (A), Hrastje (B), Brest (C), Jarški prod (D), Šentvid (E), and 4 areas where the water is mixed from two or three different supply areas: Hrastje/Jarški prod (F), Kleče/Brest (G), Kleče/Hrastje/Jarški prod (H) and Kleče/Hrastje/Brest (I2). Finally, sampling sites on River Sava (R: Brod, Črnuče, and Šentjakob) and at the outflow from wastewater treatment plant (CČN) were also selected. Sampling was performed between 06.09.2018 and 29.11.2018. This database is summarized results of in-situ measurements (water temperature and electrical conductivity) and laboratory analysis (pH, total alkalinity, the concentration of total arsenic in water, isotope composition of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon in dissolved inorganic carbon).
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; arsenic; Arsenic; Conductivity, electrical; DATE/TIME; domestic water supply system; isotope composition; isotopes; LATITUDE; Ljubljana_groundwater; Ljubljana, Slovenia; Location; Location type; LONGITUDE; Mass spectrometry; MULT; Multiple investigations; Number; pH; Sample ID; Site; Temperature, water; Titration; Type; water chemistry; δ13C, dissolved inorganic carbon; δ13CDIC; δ18O; δ18O, water; δ2H; δ Deuterium, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1582 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Isotopic characterisation of groundwater at Ljubljansko polje and Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia, during 2020-2021 sampling campaign (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-04
    Description: The isotopic data was obtained to provide information on the temporal and spatial variability of surface water and groundwater in the Ljubljana basin. This dataset includes monthly hydrogen (δ²H) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) sampling data for groundwater from the Ljubljansko polje (LP) and Ljubljansko barje (LB) aquifers, the primary sources of drinking water for the City of Ljubljana. Sampling was performed between January 2020 to December 2021. Groundwater samples were collected from the Kleče, Hrastje, Jarški prod, Šentvid wellfields (LP), and the Brest wellfield (LB). Groundwater sampling was performed at 13 preselected wells from all five wellfields. If the selected well was not operating, the closest well was sampled instead. Overall, 29 different wells were sampled, and 295 samples were collected monthly by the technical stuff of the water distribution company from a pipe directly connected to the specific well. The water was running for five minutes prior to the sampling. In-situ, temperature measurements were also recorded using a Superfast Thermapen 4 digital thermometer (Electronic Temperature Instruments Ltd). All water samples were collected in 60 ml HDPE bottles and stored at 5 °C until analysis. The isotope ratios of samples were performed at the Jožef Stefan Institute using a dual inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometer (DI IRMS, Finnigan MAT DELTA plus Finnigan MAT GmbH, Bremen, Germany) with an automated H₂-H₂O and CO₂-H₂O equilibrator HDOeq48 Equilibration Unit (custom built by M. Jaklitsch). The average sample repeatability was 0.3 ‰ for δ²H and 0.02 ‰ for δ¹⁸O. Deuterium excess (d−excess) was calculated as d−excess [‰] = δ²H − 8 x δ¹⁸O (Dansgaard, 1964). The obtained isotopic data provide information on the temporal and spatial variability of groundwater in the Ljubljana basin. The related surface water data is also archived at PANGAEA (Žagar et. al. 2022).
    Keywords: Calculated; Code; Country; DATE/TIME; Date/Time local; Deuterium excess; Dual inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry; ELEVATION; groundwater; isotopic composition; LATITUDE; Ljubljana_water-sampling_2020-2021; Ljubljansko barje; Ljubljansko polje; Location; LONGITUDE; Sample ID; Sample type; Site; Temperature, water; Thermometer, Superfast Thermapen 4 digital, Electronic Temperature Instruments Ltd; Water sample; water sources; WS; δ18O; δ18O, water; δ18O, water, standard deviation; δ2H; δ Deuterium, water; δ Deuterium, water, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3835 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Isotopic characterisation of the Sava and Iška River at Ljubljansko polje and Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia, during 2020-2021 sampling campaign (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-04
    Description: The isotopic data was obtained to provide information on the temporal and spatial variability of surface water and groundwater in the Ljubljana basin. This dataset includes monthly hydrogen (δ²H) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) sampling data for surface water from the Sava and Iška rivers. Sampling was performed between January 2020 to December 2021 using a polypropylene Burkle TM angular beaker attached to a BurkleTM telescopic rod (Bürkle GmbH, Bad Bellingen, DE). The Sava River sampling was performed at Sava Brod and Sava Šentjakob, while the Iška River samples were collected at Iška vas. Besides isotope data, physico-chemical parameters (water temperature and electrical conductivity) were measured on-site at each location using a calibrated UltrameterTM II 6PFCE (MYRON L Company, Carlsbad, CA, USA), with an accuracy of ±0.15 °C, ±1 μS/cm and ±0.02, respectively. In addition, water discharge and temperature data were obtained from the Slovenian Environment Agency (https://www.arso.gov.si/vode/podatki/amp/H3570_t_30.html, website accessed in 11/2022). Altogether, 56 samples of surface water were collected. All water samples were collected in 60 ml HDPE bottles and stored at 5 °C until analysis. The isotope ratios of samples were performed at the Jožef Stefan Institute using a dual inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometer (DI IRMS, Finnigan MAT DELTA plus Finnigan MAT GmbH, Bremen, Germany) with an automated H₂-H₂O and CO₂-H₂O equilibrator HDOeq48 Equilibration Unit (custom built by M. Jaklitsch). The average sample repeatability was 0.3 ‰ for δ²H and 0.02 ‰ for δ¹⁸O. Deuterium excess (d−excess) was calculated as d−excess [‰] = δ²H − 8 x δ¹⁸O (Dansgaard, 1964). The obtained isotopic data provide information on the temporal and spatial variability of surface water in the Ljubljana basin. The related groundwater data is also archived at PANGAEA (Žagar et. al. 2022).
    Keywords: Calculated; Code; Conductivity, electrical; Country; DATE/TIME; Date/Time local; Deuterium excess; Dual inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry; ELEVATION; isotopic composition; LATITUDE; Ljubljana_water-sampling_2020-2021; Ljubljansko barje; Ljubljansko polje; Location; LONGITUDE; River discharge; Sample ID; Sample type; Site; surface water; Temperature, water; Ultrameter™ II 6PFCE, MYRON L Company, Carlsbad, CA, USA; Water sample; water sources; WS; δ18O; δ18O, water; δ18O, water, standard deviation; δ2H; δ Deuterium, water; δ Deuterium, water, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 850 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Nitrogen Mass Balance and Pressure Impact Model Applied to an Urban Aquifer (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-19
    Description: The assurance of drinking water supply is one of the biggest emerging global challenges, especially in urban areas. In this respect, groundwater and its management in the urban environment are gaining importance. This paper presents the modeling of nitrogen load from the leaky sewer system and from agriculture and the impact of this pressure on the groundwater quality (nitrate concentration) in the urban aquifer located beneath the City of Ljubljana. The estimated total nitrogen load in the model area of 58 km2 is 334 ton/year, 38% arising from the leaky sewer system and 62% from agriculture. This load was used as input into the groundwater solute transport model to simulate the distribution of nitrate concentration in the aquifer. The modeled nitrate concentrations at the observation locations were found to be on average slightly lower (2.7 mg/L) than observed, and in general reflected the observed contamination pattern. The ability of the presented model to relate and quantify the impact of pressures from different contamination sources on groundwater quality can be beneficially used for the planning and optimization of groundwater management measures for the improvement of groundwater quality.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    Differences between groundwater fauna in shallow and in deep intergranular aquifers as an indication of different characteristics of habitats and hydraulic connections (2016)
    PAGEPress
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-15
    Description: The fauna in the hyporheic zones of rivers has been relatively well studied but that from the phreatic zone remains comparatively unknown and there are few investigations into deeper intergranular aquifers (over 30 m in depth) due to technical difficulties. Two shallow boreholes of 29 m depth and two deep boreholes of 100 m depth, both near Ljubljana (Slovenia), were sampled more than 30 times between 14 January 2008 and 3 March 2009.  On each occasion 14.4 to 18.0 m3 of water were abstracted using a high-capacity pump, then filtered by means of a plankton net with a mesh size of 60 µm. Organisms larger than 2 mm were damaged by the pump rotors, but their identification was still possible, while smaller representatives of the Copepoda (Crustacea) passed the rotors without  damage. A near-by artesian borehole was sampled on 6 occasions. Water chemistry, physical properties and faunal composition analyses were carried out for each borehole. A total of 32 taxa, 24 of which were stygobites, were identified. Copepoda alone were represented by 16 species, 15 of which were stygobites. The shallow boreholes differ from the deep boreholes in their higher temperatures and higher concentrations of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42- ions. The copepod communities in samples from the shallow boreholes differ sharply from those from the deep boreholes. There were also clear differences between shallow boreholes in two aquifers located a few kilometres apart, in physical and chemical characteristics as well as in fauna composition. Taxa with different ecological affinities, collected from groundwater, are indicators of hydraulic connections between different parts of an aquifer as well as of communication between surface and subsurface water bodies. The present study suggests that subterranean fauna, as well as epigean fauna, can provide effective support for classical dye/salt tracing experiments.
    Print ISSN: 1129-5767
    Electronic ISSN: 1723-8633
    Topics: Biology
    Published by PAGEPress
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  • 6
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    Skrb za pitno vodo (2022)
    ZRC SAZU, Založba ZRC
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Safeguarding Drinking WaterLjubljana's water resources lie in the immediate vicinity of built-up urban areas or even below them. For decades, they have been safeguarded as water-protection areas, which are specified by implementing regulations. However, formal protection through regulations is insufficient if the goal is to manage these sources in a sustainable manner. One of the most important goals of sustainable management is maintaining suitable provision of fresh drinking water without using any technological procedures to
    Description: Vodni viri mesta Ljubljane so v neposredni bližini pozidanih mestnih zemljišč ali celo pod njimi. Že desetletja jih varujejo vodovarstvena območja. Eden od najpomembnejših ciljev trajnostnega upravljanja je ohranjanje ustrezne oskrbe z naravno pitno vodo brez tehnoloških postopkov njene priprave, kar Ljubljančani uvrščajo visoko na lestvici vrednot življenja v glavnem mestu Slovenije. Upravljanje ogroženih vodnih virov v urbanih okoljih zahteva celosten pristop in stalne aktivnosti. S pomočjo računalniških orodij znamo sisteme simulirati in tako pridobiti dodatna védenja o njihovem delovanju. Ta so v pomoč pri dolgoročnih odločitvah ali na primer ob okoljskih nesrečah. Za ustrezno načrtovanje so potrebna strokovna orodja, ki omogočajo zanesljive, pregledne in kvantitativne ocene učinkov ukrepov. Razpolaganje z zanesljivimi ocenami stanja in napovedmi olajšuje delo odločevalcem in tudi komunikacijo med deležniki. Povezava v monografiji predstavljenih postopkov in rezultatov v sistem izvedljivega upravljanja z vodnimi viri v Ljubljani je dosežek, ki je lahko zgled številnim podobnim okoljem, ne le v Sloveniji, ampak tudi širše.
    Keywords: aquifers ; drinking water ; environment protection ; geography ; groundwater ; groundwaters ; hydrogeology ; Ljubljana ; Ljubljansko barje ; Ljubljansko polje ; management ; pollution ; protective measures ; Slovenia ; water resources ; geografija ; hidrogeologija ; onesnaževanje ; pitna voda ; podtalnica ; podzemne vode ; Slovenija ; upravljanje ; varstvo okolja ; vodni viri ; vodonosniki ; zaščitni ukrepi ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DX Southeast Europe::1DXV Slovenia ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management::RNFD Drought and water supply ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment
    Language: Slovenian
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    E-BOOK
  • 7
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    Vrtičkarstvo v Ljubljani (2022)
    ZRC SAZU, Založba ZRC
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Garden-plot areas spontaneously developed and were distributed across the entire flat area of Ljubljana. Due to a new, more urban lifestyle and a policy change by the city authorities, the area of garden plots fell considerably at the end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first centuries. The most recent analysis of plot gardening in the City of Ljubljana, which surveyed 302 plot gardeners, showed that the overall infrastructure available in garden-plot areas is relatively poor. This activity is mainly practiced by older and lower-income people, most of whom live in apartment buildings. Due to pesticide residues and heavy metals in the soil and produce, as well as groundwater contamination, plot gardening poses a threat to public health and the environment. The 2008 Draft Ljubljana Zoning Implementation Plan foresees a reduction in the total area of plot-gardening areas by nearly half~however, even the planned community garden plots include some that do not meet the minimum location standards. Some garden-plot areas are problematic primarily because they are located close to major traffic routes. In the future, plot gardeners will have to be more systematically informed and educated about proper and safe use of fertilizers and pesticides.
    Description: Vrtičkarstvo je nastalo zaradi družbenih, gospodarskih in prostočasnih potreb človeka v mestnem okolju, najprej v industrijskih srednjeevropskih deželah, od koder se je razširilo v vse razvite države sveta. Na območju Ljubljane so bila stihijsko rastoča vrtičkarska območja razporejena po vsem ravninskem delu. Vrhunec v razprostranjenosti so dosegla v devetdesetih letih 20. stoletja. Knjiga je namenjena tako vrtičkarjem kot načrtovalcem mestnega razvoja, pa tudi študentom, politikom in vsem občanom, ki jim ni vseeno za prihodnji prostorski razvoj slovenskega glavnega mesta. Dejstvo je, da so tako rekoč vsa vrtičkarska območja v Mestni občini Ljubljana navezana na zemljišča na vodovarstvenem območju. Zaradi ostankov fitofarmacevtskih sredstev in težkih kovin v prsti ali tleh in pridelani hrani ter onesnaževanja podzemne vode vrtičkarstvo predstavlja tveganje za zdravje ljudi in okolje.
    Keywords: environment pollution ; environmental aspect ; gardeners ; gardening ; geography ; groundwater ; groundwaters ; horticulture ; Ljubljana ; pedology ; research ; soil ; spatial planning ; geografija ; okolijski vidik ; onesnaževanje okolja ; pedologija ; podtalnica ; podzemne vode ; prostorsko načrtovanje ; raziskave ; tla ; vrtičkarji ; vrtičkarstvo ; vrtnarstvo ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DX Southeast Europe::1DXV Slovenia ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGL Regional geography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RP Regional and area planning::RPC Urban and municipal planning and policy ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management::RNFF Food security and supply
    Language: Slovenian
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    E-BOOK
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