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  • 1
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    Translating dosage compensation to trisomy 21 (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-19
    Description: Down's syndrome is a common disorder with enormous medical and social costs, caused by trisomy for chromosome 21. We tested the concept that gene imbalance across an extra chromosome can be de facto corrected by manipulating a single gene, XIST (the X-inactivation gene). Using genome editing with zinc finger nucleases, we inserted a large, inducible XIST transgene into the DYRK1A locus on chromosome 21, in Down's syndrome pluripotent stem cells. The XIST non-coding RNA coats chromosome 21 and triggers stable heterochromatin modifications, chromosome-wide transcriptional silencing and DNA methylation to form a 'chromosome 21 Barr body'. This provides a model to study human chromosome inactivation and creates a system to investigate genomic expression changes and cellular pathologies of trisomy 21, free from genetic and epigenetic noise. Notably, deficits in proliferation and neural rosette formation are rapidly reversed upon silencing one chromosome 21. Successful trisomy silencing in vitro also surmounts the major first step towards potential development of 'chromosome therapy'.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3848249/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3848249/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jiang, Jun -- Jing, Yuanchun -- Cost, Gregory J -- Chiang, Jen-Chieh -- Kolpa, Heather J -- Cotton, Allison M -- Carone, Dawn M -- Carone, Benjamin R -- Shivak, David A -- Guschin, Dmitry Y -- Pearl, Jocelynn R -- Rebar, Edward J -- Byron, Meg -- Gregory, Philip D -- Brown, Carolyn J -- Urnov, Fyodor D -- Hall, Lisa L -- Lawrence, Jeanne B -- 1F32CA154086/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 2T32HD007439/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32 CA154086/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM053234/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM085548/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM096400 RC4/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MOP-13680/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- R01 GM053234/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085548/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RC4 GM096400/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD007439/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Aug 15;500(7462):296-300. doi: 10.1038/nature12394. Epub 2013 Jul 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23863942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics ; DNA Methylation ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Down Syndrome/*genetics/therapy ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Male ; Mice ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Neurogenesis ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/*metabolism ; Sex Chromatin/genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Paleoclimate. Enhanced tropical methane production in response to iceberg discharge in the North Atlantic (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: The causal mechanisms responsible for the abrupt climate changes of the Last Glacial Period remain unclear. One major difficulty is dating ice-rafted debris deposits associated with Heinrich events: Extensive iceberg influxes into the North Atlantic Ocean linked to global impacts on climate and biogeochemistry. In a new ice core record of atmospheric methane with ultrahigh temporal resolution, we find abrupt methane increases within Heinrich stadials 1, 2, 4, and 5 that, uniquely, have no counterparts in Greenland temperature proxies. Using a heuristic model of tropical rainfall distribution, we propose that Hudson Strait Heinrich events caused rainfall intensification over Southern Hemisphere land areas, thereby producing excess methane in tropical wetlands. Our findings suggest that the climatic impacts of Heinrich events persisted for 740 to 1520 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhodes, Rachael H -- Brook, Edward J -- Chiang, John C H -- Blunier, Thomas -- Maselli, Olivia J -- McConnell, Joseph R -- Romanini, Daniele -- Severinghaus, Jeffrey P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 29;348(6238):1016-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1262005.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, 104 CEOAS Administration, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. rhodesra@geo.oregonstate.edu. ; College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, 104 CEOAS Administration, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. ; Department of Geography and Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. ; Center for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA. ; Joseph Fourier University-Grenoble 1/CNRS, LIPhy UMR 5588, Grenoble, F-38041, France. ; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0244, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26023138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional electron gas in δ-doped double quantum wells for photodetector application (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 8112-8114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The two-dimensional electron gas in δ-doped double quantum wells has been studied by using the Shubnikov–de Haas measurement. It was discovered that the δ-doping layer at the central barrier is able to prevent the electron coupling in the two wells and that the persistent photoconductivity can be reduced due to the thinner barrier. A δ-doped multiple quantum well structure for photodetector application was also proposed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365372
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of electron resonant tunneling of Si-based double-barrier structures (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2402-2410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present theoretical studies of resonant-tunneling characteristics of Si-based double-barrier structures within a tight-binding model. The model consists of four antibonding (sp3) orbitals per lattice site and is capable of describing the low-lying conduction bands accurately throughout the entire Brillouin zone. Current-voltage curves for some selected Si/Ge strained-layer double-barrier structures and lattice-matched Si/GaP double-barrier structures for different crystallographic orientations are calculated. Negative differential resistances are found for these structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353094
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of elastic constants, refractive index, and lattice parameter of cubic zirconia at high temperatures (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 7268-7274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Acoustic mode frequency, lattice parameter, and refractive index measurements have been carried out on single crystals of cubic stabilized zirconia, ZrO2(xY2O3), in the temperature range 300 to 1450 K, using Brillouin scattering, x-ray diffraction, and interferometric methods, respectively. Elastic constants Cij and associated quantities such as the bulk modulus B=(C11+2C12)/3, the anisotropy ratio A=2C44/(C11−C12), and the Cauchy relation failure Δ=(C12−C44) have been determined from these measurements. The results show a linear reduction in C11 , C12 , and C44 until a characteristic transition temperature Tc, which depends on the dopant concentration x. The linear decrease is understood in terms of normal thermal expansion. Above Tc (1300 K for x=9.4 mol % and 1050 K for x=24 mol %) there are elastic anomalies; significant reductions in C11, (C11-C12)/2 and C44 occur, with an increase in C12 . These effects are considered to result from thermally generated disorder. Detailed examination of the temperature dependence of the Cij as well as B, A, and Δ show some similarities, but also significant differences in comparison with the anomalous elastic behavior corresponding to the high-temperature superionic state of fluorites. The thermally created defect structures formed at high temperatures in cubic zirconia are thus considered to be different from the anion Frenkel disorder formed in fluorites; this is in accord with recent results from computational simulations and high-temperature neutron scattering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354015
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-stack indirect-barrier/triple-coupled quantum well infrared detector for mid-wavelength and long-wavelength infrared dual band detection (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 3546-3548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a two-stack indirect-barrier (IB) GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) for mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and a voltage-tunable InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs triple-coupled (TC) QWIP for long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) detection. The peak responsivity of the stacked QWIP at zero bias (PV mode) was found to be 30 mA/W at λp=4.3μm and T=40 K. The maximum peak responsivity for the stacked QWIP was found to be 0.21 A/W at λp=4.3 μm, Vb=4 V, and T=40 K. For the LWIR TC-QWIP, the peak detection wavelength due to (E1→E3) transition shifts from 10 to 9.4 μm as bias voltage increases from 7 to 12 V. The maximum responsivity was found to be 0.085 A/W at λp=9.4 μm, Vb=12 V, and T=40 K. The results show that simultaneously detection of both the MWIR and LWIR bands can be achieved at Vb≥7 V or Vb≤−5 V. It is shown that this two-stack QWIP can be used as a voltage-tunable two-color or multicolor QWIP for the MWIR and LWIR dual band detection. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120386
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonant tunneling of electrons in Si/Ge strained-layer double-barrier tunneling structures (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 1405-1407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Resonant-tunneling characteristics of electrons in Si/Ge strained-layer double-barrier structures are investigated within an antibonding-orbital model. The model is capable of describing the low-lying conduction bands accurately throughout the entire Brillouin zone. J-V curves for some selected Si/Ge strained-layer double-barrier structures for three different crystallographic orientations are studied. Negative differential resistances are found for these structures grown along [001] and [111] directions, but not along the [110] direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107552
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  • 8
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    Anomalousk-dependent spin splitting in wurtziteAlxGa1−xN∕GaNheterostructures (2007)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-06
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-235X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 9
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    Role of seasonal transitions and the westerlies in the interannual variability of the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation (2017)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-19
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 10
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    East Asian hydroclimate modulated by the position of the westerlies during Termination I (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Speleothem oxygen isotope records have revolutionized our understanding of the paleo East Asian monsoon, yet there is fundamental disagreement on what they represent in terms of the hydroclimate changes. We report a multiproxy speleothem record of monsoon evolution during the last deglaciation from the middle Yangtze region, which indicates a wetter central eastern China during North Atlantic cooling episodes, despite the oxygen isotopic record suggesting a weaker monsoon. We show that this apparent contradiction can be resolved if the changes are interpreted as a lengthening of the Meiyu rains and shortened post-Meiyu stage, in accordance with a recent hypothesis. Model simulations support this interpretation and further reveal the role of the westerlies in communicating the North Atlantic influence to the East Asian climate.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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