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  • 1
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investment in the energy system of tomorrow requires substantial resources and informed policy making to achieve energy-security,economic and environmental objectives. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates 26 trillion USD in investments will be needed in the energy sector by 2030 to sustain current energy trends. Energy business-as-usual, however, and the resulting environmental impacts, are not sustainable as they result in energy insecurity and climate damages. Investment in the energy system of tomorrow requires substantial resources and informed policy making to achieve energy-security, economic and environmental objectives. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates 26 trillion USD in investments will be needed in the energy sector by 2030 to sustain current energy trends. Energy business-as-usual, however, and the resulting environmental impacts, are not sustainable as they result in energy insecurity and climate damages.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This study assesses the long-term economic and environmental effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical climate change mitigation architecture, which aims to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050. Based on abatement costs in IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms what qualitative analyses have already suggested: introducing price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. See also Assessing the value of price caps and floors, November 2009 This study assesses the long-term economic and environmental effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical climate change mitigation architecture, which aims to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050. Based on abatement costs in IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms what qualitative analyses have already suggested: introducing price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. With price caps, the expected costs could be reduced by about 50% and the uncertainty on economic costs could be one order of magnitude lower. Reducing economic uncertainties may spur the adoption of more ambitious policies by helping to alleviate policy makers’ concerns of economic risks. Meanwhile, price floors would reduce the level of emissions beyond the objective if the abatement costs ended up lower than forecasted. If caps and floors are commensurate with the ambition of the policy pursued and combined with slightly tightened emission objectives, climatic results could be on average similar to those achieved with “straight” objectives (i.e. with no cost-containment mechanism).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: Energy efficiency indicators ; Training ; Statistics ; Appliances, Buildings ; Industry ; Indicators ; Transport ; Emissions ; Clean energy technologies ; Energy efficiency ; Indicators
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy efficiency is a growing policy priority for many countries around the world. It is widely recognised as the most cost-effective and readily available means to address numerous energy-related issues, including energy security, the social and economic impacts of high energy prices and concerns about climate change. At the same time, energy efficiency increases competitiveness and promotes consumer welfare. In this context, it is important to develop and maintain well-founded indicators to better inform policy making and help decision makers formulate policies that are best suited to domestic and/or international objectives. Yet, choosing and developing appropriate indicators to support the development of policies is not straightforward. This publication and its companion document Energy Efficiency Indicators: Fundamentals on Statistics are intended to provide the necessary tools to initiate and/or further develop in-depth indicators to support the decision-making process..
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Keywords: Energy efficiency indicators ; Training ; Statistics ; Appliances, Buildings ; Industry ; Indicators ; Transport ; Emissions ; Clean energy technologies ; Energy efficiency ; Indicators
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy efficiency is high on the political agenda as governments seek to reduce wasteful energy consumption, strengthen energy security and cut greenhouse gas emissions. However, the lack of data for developing proper indicators to measure energy efficiency often prevents countries from transforming declarations into actions. The main objectives of this manual are to identify the main sectoral indicators and the data needed to develop these indicators; and to make surveying, metering and modeling practices existing all around the world available to all. This manual has been developed with a companion document, Energy Efficiency Indicators: Essentials for Policy Making, as a starting point towards enabling policymakers to understand where greater efficiency is needed, to implement appropriate policies and to measure their impact. The ultimate goal is to make improved energy efficiency not only a concept but a reality. The IEA has produced a supplement to this publication - the Energy Efficiency Indicators Statistics: Country Practices Database - which presents searchable practices on collection of data for developing efficiency indicators from a variety of OECD and non-OECD countries. Practices are searchable by country, sector, methodology and type of available documentation. By sharing these experiences, we hope to help countries and organisations to develop their own energy efficiency indicators programmes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (387 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency (IEA) considers carbon capture and storage (CCS) a crucial part of efforts to limit global warming by reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. The IEA estimates that carbon dioxide emissions could be reduced to a level that would limit long‐term global temperature increases to 2°C through broad deployment of low‐carbon energy technologies, including CCS. In the IEA’s Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 2°C Scenario (2DS), CCS contributes about one‐seventh of cumulative emissions reductions from a business‐as-usual scenario through 2050. Achieving this contribution requires appropriate policy frameworks to both promote demonstration and deployment of CCS and ensure it is undertaken in a safe and environmentally responsible manner. The IEA Carbon Capture and Storage Legal and Regulatory Review aims to help countries develop their own regulatory frameworks by documenting and analysing recent CCS legal and regulatory developments from around the world. It was first published in 2010, and a new edition is released annually to provide an up‐to‐date snapshot of global CCS regulatory developments. Each edition includes short contributions from national, regional, state and provincial governments that review recent and anticipated CCS regulatory developments and highlight a particular, pre-nominated regulatory theme. To introduce each edition, the IEA provides a brief analysis of key advances and trends, based on the contributions submitted. The theme for this fourth edition of the CCS Review is policy measures to promote CCS demonstration and deployment. Other issues that have been highlighted include storage assessment and the Alberta Regulator Framework Assessment (RFA) process. Contributions from 22 governments and 6 international CCS organisations are presented in the fourth edition.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This chapter considers electrical appliances for home and office, which are produced and consumed in large and increasing numbers in industrialised and, increasingly, in developing economies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Modern biomass, and the resulting useful forms of bioenergy produced from it, are anticipated by many advocates to provide a significant contribution to the global primary energy supply of many IEA member countries during the coming decades. For non-member countries, particularly those wishing to achieve economic growth as well as meet the goals for sustainable development, the deployment of modern bioenergy projects and the growing international trade in biomass-based energy carriers offer potential opportunities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents the findings of a new assessment of the techno-economic and policy-related efficiency improvement potential in the North American building stock conducted as part of a wider appraisal of existing buildings in member states of the International Energy Agency. It summarizes results and provides insights into the lessons learned through a broader global review of best practice to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings. At this time, the report is limited to the USA because of the large size of its buildings market. At a later date, a more complete review may include some details about policies and programs in Canada. If resources are available an additional comprehensive review of Canada and Mexico may be performed in the future.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse current approaches to encourage energy efficiency in building codes for new buildings. Based on this analysis the paper enumerates policy recommendations for enhancing how energy efficiency is addressed in building codes and other policies for new buildings. This paper forms part of the IEA work for the G8 Gleneagles Plan of Action. These recommendations reflect the study of different policy options for increasing energy efficiency in new buildings and examination of other energy efficiency requirements in standards or building codes, such as energy efficiency requirements by major renovation or refurbishment. In many countries, energy efficiency of buildings falls under the jurisdiction of the federal states. Different standards cover different regions or climatic conditions and different types of buildings, such as residential or simple buildings, commercial buildings and more complicated high-rise buildings. There are many different building codes in the world and the intention of this paper is not to cover all codes on each level in all countries. Instead, the paper details different regions of the world and different ways of standards. In this paper we also evaluate good practices based on local traditions. This project does not seek to identify one best practice amongst the building codes and standards. Instead, different types of codes and different parts of the regulation have been illustrated together with examples on how they have been successfully addressed. To complement this discussion of efficiency standards, this study illustrates how energy efficiency can be improved through such initiatives as efficiency labelling or certification, very best practice buildings with extremely low- or no-energy consumption and other policies to raise buildings’ energy efficiency beyond minimum requirements. When referring to the energy saving potentials for buildings, this study uses the analysis of recent IEA publications, including the World Energy Outlook 2006 (WEO) and Energy Technology Perspective (ETP). Here, we based the estimates of potentials on the scenarios presented, in particular on the predictions of consumption in the residential and commercial sectors in the WEO 2006. Finally, this paper recommends policies which could be used to realise these large and feasible energy saving potentials in new buildings, and the use of building codes by renovation or refurbishment. The paper addresses as well experts as policy makers and interest groups with particular interest in energy efficiency in new buildings. Some parts might hence seem simplified and known for some experts, such as the discussions on barriers or the climatic impact on efficiency. Other parts might on the other hand seem a little technical for the policy oriented reader or for some interest groups. But there are large and compelling opportunities, this is recognised by many experts as well as there is a will to act by many policymakers and governments. But still too little happen because there are barriers and low understanding also in the institutional parts or little communications between different layers of the implementation process. The paper hence aims to bridge these gabs by addressing several different groups at the same time. So hopefully the reader will accept these inconveniences.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (85 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: How much can technology contribute to securing adequate and affordable energy supplies and lower CO2 emissions? What energy technologies hold the most promise? How long will it take? At their 2005 summit in Gleneagles, G-8 leaders confronted these questions and decided to act with resolve and urgency. They called upon the International Energy Agency to provide advice on scenarios and strategies for a clean and secure energy future. Energy Technology Perspectives is a response to the G8 request. This innovative work demonstrates how energy technologies can make a difference in a series of global scenarios to 2050. It reviews in detail the status and prospects of key energy technologies in electricity generation, buildings, industry and transport. It assesses ways the world can enhance energy security and contain growth in CO2 emissions by using a portfolio of current and emerging technologies. Major strategic elements of a successful portfolio are energy efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, renewables and nuclear power. While technology does hold great promise for the future, we must act now if we are to unlock the potential of current and emerging technologies and reduce the impact of fossil fuel dependence on energy security and the environment. Energy Technology Perspectives provides detailed technology and policy insights to help policy makers craft sustainable solutions.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484 Seiten)
    Language: English
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