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  • 1
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    An acetyltransferase gene affecting rice yield [Agricultural Sciences] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-08
    Description: Grain weight is an important crop yield component; however, its underlying regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we identify a grain-weight quantitative trait locus (QTL) encoding a new-type GNAT-like protein that harbors intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity (OsglHAT1). Our genetic and molecular evidences pinpointed the QTL-OsglHAT1’s allelic variations to a 1.2-kb...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Evaluation of chlorinated benz[a]anthracene on hepatic toxicity in rats and mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-08
    Description: Chlorinated benz[ a ]anthracenes (Cl-BaA) are halogenated aromatic compounds (typified by dioxins) found in the environment at relatively high concentrations. Fischer 344 rats were intragastrically administered 0, 1, or 10 mg of Cl-BaA or its parent compound benz[ a ]anthracene (BaA) per kg of body weight for 14 consecutive days. Both chemicals at 10 mg/kg/day inhibited the gain in body weight, and consequent increase in relative liver weight. Hepatic gene expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 was significantly stimulated by administration of BaA (10 mg/kg/day) compared with the control. After administration of Cl-BaA, only the CYP1A2 gene was significantly induced, even at the lower dosage; CYP1A1 and 1B1 mRNA levels remained unchanged in Cl-BaA-treated rats compared with controls. To elucidate the role of such Cl-BaA exposure and induced CYPs at toxicity onset, we investigated the mutagenicity of BaA and Cl-BaA using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. BaA and Cl-BaA at 10 μg/plate produced positive results in both strains in the presence of rat S-9. Incubation of Cl-BaA with recombinant rat CYP1A2 produced a significantly higher number of revertant colonies in TA98 and TA100 than in controls, but no such change was observed for BaA. In conclusion, BaA changes its own physiological and toxicological actions by its chlorination; (1) daily exposure to Cl-BaA selectively induces hepatic CYP1A2 in rats and (2) Cl-BaA induces frameshift mutations in the presence of CYP1A2, although BaA does not exert mutagenicity. This indicates that CYP1A2 may metabolize Cl-BaA to active forms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2011.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    The ethylene response factors SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2 allow rice to adapt to deep water (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-21
    Description: Living organisms must acquire new biological functions to adapt to changing and hostile environments. Deepwater rice has evolved and adapted to flooding by acquiring the ability to significantly elongate its internodes, which have hollow structures and function as snorkels to allow gas exchange with the atmosphere, and thus prevent drowning. Many physiological studies have shown that the phytohormones ethylene, gibberellin and abscisic acid are involved in this response, but the gene(s) responsible for this trait has not been identified. Here we show the molecular mechanism of deepwater response through the identification of the genes SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2, which trigger deepwater response by encoding ethylene response factors involved in ethylene signalling. Under deepwater conditions, ethylene accumulates in the plant and induces expression of these two genes. The products of SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2 then trigger remarkable internode elongation via gibberellin. We also demonstrate that the introduction of three quantitative trait loci from deepwater rice into non-deepwater rice enabled the latter to become deepwater rice. This discovery will contribute to rice breeding in lowland areas that are frequently flooded during the rainy season.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hattori, Yoko -- Nagai, Keisuke -- Furukawa, Shizuka -- Song, Xian-Jun -- Kawano, Ritsuko -- Sakakibara, Hitoshi -- Wu, Jianzhong -- Matsumoto, Takashi -- Yoshimura, Atsushi -- Kitano, Hidemi -- Matsuoka, Makoto -- Mori, Hitoshi -- Ashikari, Motoyuki -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):1026-30. doi: 10.1038/nature08258.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19693083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Breeding ; Ethylenes/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Floods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant/genetics/physiology ; Gibberellins/metabolism ; Onions/cytology ; Oryza/drug effects/genetics/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Signal Transduction ; Water/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-25
    Description: Most agriculturally important traits are regulated by genes known as quantitative trait loci (QTLs) derived from natural allelic variations. We here show that a QTL that increases grain productivity in rice, Gn1a, is a gene for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKX2), an enzyme that degrades the phytohormone cytokinin. Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield. QTL pyramiding to combine loci for grain number and plant height in the same genetic background generated lines exhibiting both beneficial traits. These results provide a strategy for tailormade crop improvement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ashikari, Motoyuki -- Sakakibara, Hitoshi -- Lin, Shaoyang -- Yamamoto, Toshio -- Takashi, Tomonori -- Nishimura, Asuka -- Angeles, Enrique R -- Qian, Qian -- Kitano, Hidemi -- Matsuoka, Makoto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 29;309(5735):741-5. Epub 2005 Jun 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15976269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics/growth & development ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cytokinins/*metabolism ; Flowers/growth & development/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Plant ; Meristem/metabolism ; Oryza/enzymology/*genetics/*growth & development ; Oxidoreductases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Deletion ; Zeatin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Magnetization reversal of the domain structure in the anti-perovskite nitride Co3FeN investigated by high-resolution X-ray microscopy (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-10
    Description: We performed X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) photoemission electron microscopy imaging to reveal the magnetic domain structure of anti-perovskite nitride Co 3 FeN exhibiting a negative spin polarization. In square and disc patterns, we systematically and quantitatively determined the statistics of the stable states as a function of geometry. By direct imaging during the application of a magnetic field, we revealed the magnetic reversal process in a spatially resolved manner. We compared the hysteresis on the continuous area and the square patterns from the magnetic field-dependent XMCD ratio, which can be explained as resulting from the effect of the shape anisotropy, present in nanostructured thin films.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    MetaVelvet: an extension of Velvet assembler to de novo metagenome assembly from short sequence reads (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-04
    Description: An important step in ‘metagenomics’ analysis is the assembly of multiple genomes from mixed sequence reads of multiple species in a microbial community. Most conventional pipelines use a single-genome assembler with carefully optimized parameters. A limitation of a single-genome assembler for de novo metagenome assembly is that sequences of highly abundant species are likely misidentified as repeats in a single genome, resulting in a number of small fragmented scaffolds. We extended a single-genome assembler for short reads, known as ‘Velvet’, to metagenome assembly, which we called ‘MetaVelvet’, for mixed short reads of multiple species. Our fundamental concept was to first decompose a de Bruijn graph constructed from mixed short reads into individual sub-graphs, and second, to build scaffolds based on each decomposed de Bruijn sub-graph as an isolate species genome. We made use of two features, the coverage (abundance) difference and graph connectivity, for the decomposition of the de Bruijn graph. For simulated datasets, MetaVelvet succeeded in generating significantly higher N50 scores than any single-genome assemblers. MetaVelvet also reconstructed relatively low-coverage genome sequences as scaffolds. On real datasets of human gut microbial read data, MetaVelvet produced longer scaffolds and increased the number of predicted genes.
    Keywords: Computational Methods, Genomics
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-activity relations among the O-acyl derivatives of leucomycin. Correlation of minimal inhibitory concentrations with binding to Escherichia coli ribosomes (1977)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 20 (1977), S. 732-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00215a025
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular beam epitaxial growth and characterization of CoAl on AlAs/GaAs (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 3115-3117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We study molecular beam epitaxial growth and structural properties of intermetallic compound CoAl on AlAs/GaAs III-V semiconductors. CoAl has a CsCl structure whose lattice constant is nearly half the lattice constant of GaAs and AlAs, hence, it is a good candidate for the constituent material in epitaxial metal/semiconductor heterostructures. We investigate the dependence of crystallinity of Co1−xAlx epitaxial layers on Al composition x and on growth temperature Ts, by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction and ex situ x-ray measurements. It is found that the single-crystalline CoAl with high quality can be obtained at x=0.5 and Ts=350 °C. Under appropriate growth procedures and conditions, the epitaxial growth orientation is (001)[110]CoAl on (001)[110]AlAs/GaAs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105756
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic-scale morphology and interfaces of epitaxially embedded metal (CoAl)/semiconductor (GaAs/AlAs) heterostructures (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 835-837 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have grown GaAs/AlAs/CoAl/AlAs/GaAs epitaxially embedded metal/semiconductor heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy. When the growth temperature of overgrown GaAs is relatively low (440 °C), the buried metallic CoAl film with the thickness of 50 A(ring) is uniform and planar with extremely smooth and abrupt metal/semiconductor interfaces. The top (AlAs-on-CoAl) interface is atomically smooth with the roughness of at most 1 monolayer, while the bottom (CoAl-on-AlAs) interface has the roughness of 2–3 monolayers. This sample shows very low resistivity of 11–41 μ Ω cm at room temperature, indicating that the electrically continuous metallic film is grown. In contrast, when the GaAs overlayer is grown at 580 °C, CoAl dots with the size of 200–250 A(ring), which are covered with {001} and {111} facets, are fabricated, resulting from agglomeration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107432
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enantioselective synthesis of new analogs of neplanocin A and their biological activity
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 171 (1987), S. 233-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0008-6215(00)90890-5
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