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  • 1
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    Microbiology of Waste Waters (1966)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 1966-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0066-4227
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-3251
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Annual Reviews
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbiology of Waste Waters (1966)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 20 (1966), S. 319-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.20.100166.001535
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential substrate removal by activated sludge after a change in salt concentration (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 8 (1966), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous studies indicated that when cells grown in a NaCl-free glucose medium were subjected to a high salt concentration, cellular constituents were released which were metabolized by the cells in preference to glucose. In the present study, cells grown on glucose in high salt medium were subjected to a shock loading of salt-free medium. In this case, the resulting lysate was not used in preference to glucose; the lysate was metabolized only after an acclimation period following glucose utilization. It was shown by injecting chloramphenicol into the reaction liquor during glucose metabolism that new protein synthesis was required in order to metabolize the lysate. This response represents an additional way in which a rapid change in salt concentration can adversely affect biological treatment of waste waters, and a new type of situation in which sequential removal of substrates occurs.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260080305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the plateau in oxygen uptake during exertion of biochemical oxygen demand by pure cultures of bacteria (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 387-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Evidence for generation of the plateau in oxygen uptake during exertion of carbonaceous BOD by pure cultures was sought by making long term Warburg studies using glucose and phthalic acid as substrates. One organism, tentatively identified as Escherichia intermedia, of the 57 tested, exhibited a plateau. Detailed studies on this organism indicated that generation of the plateau depended upon the type of substrate and to some extent upon the initial cell concentration employed, but not upon substrate concentration. Oxygen utilization during the second stage was accompanied by metabolism of secondary extracellular carbon source(s) produced by the cells during metabolism of the original extracellular carbon source (glucose) in the first phase of O2 uptake. The secondary substrate was registered as volatile acids. Selective inhibition of protein synthesis at various times during oxygen uptake led to the conclusion that the plateau occurred because of the need for an induction period before the secondary substrate could be metabolized. Using this organism, it was also found that a plateau could be generated during endogenous respiration. This secondary O2 utilization was accompained by uptake of organic materials excreted into the medium by the cells during metabolism of endogenous carbon sources.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the response of activated sludge to shock-loadingsPaper presented at the 12th Ontario Industrial Waste Conference, Muskoka, Ontario, June 14-16, 1965. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 455-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The response of heterogeneous populations to shockloading was studied under a variety of operational conditions using synthetic wastes consisting of glycerol, glucose, and a mixture of glucose and glycerol. In all experiments, the cells were acclimated to glycerol. The addition of glucose as a shockloading at various times during the aeration period caused an immediate cessation of glycerol metabolism, and glycerol was not again actively metabolized until all glucose had been assimilated. Experiments conducted at various initial sludge concentrations showed that this effect was not dependent upon biological solids level. Glycerol metabolism was also blocked when glucose was applied as a shockloading to a system operating under severe nitrogen deficiency, further reenforcing the conclusion that there is a blockage mechanism for catabolic pathways which operates to suppress enzyme function rather than enzyme synthesis. It was also found that considerable amounts of metabolic intermediates or end products were released during glucose metabolism regardless of the presence or absence of glycerol. In systems containing a source of nitrogen, these products were metabolized after dissimilation of glucose. In resting cell suspensions, the metabolic intermediates were not subsequently removed, indicating that their metabolism depended upon the synthesis of new enzymes. Using old cell sludge, concurrent rather than sequential removal of glycerol and glucose was observed. The results using two component (C6—C3) carbon sources were in general the same as for C6—C6 synthetic wastes. The results provide further evidence for the generality of sequential substrate removal, and suggest that the metabolite suppressing catabolism of glycerol lies below the triose level.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070403
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for determining constants of first-order reactions from experimental data (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 69-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The authors have utilized a previously proposed mathematical equation (introduced originally for development of empirical equations) as a useful tool for evaluation of first-order reaction rate constants. By assigning physical significance to the parameter α, the equation can be utilized in obtaining excellent estimates for limiting boundary values and velocity constants.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of completely mixed systems to pH shock (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 933-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The response of aerobically growing heterogeneous microbial populations of sewage origin to step increases and decreases in pH were studied in both once-through and cell recycle systems. The pH range studied was 2.7 to 8.0. All studies were conducted at a dilution rate of 0.125 hr-1, and all shocks were administered from a base or preshock pH level of 6.4 to 6.7. In each experiment, the preshock or initial “steady state” was assessed, the pH of the feed changed, and the resulting transient behavior of the system examined until attainment of the new or final “steady state” was approached. The major objectives of the work were to characterize the nature of the response with respect to biomass and effluent substrate concentrations, types of microbial populations present and chemical composition of the biomass, and to obtain guidelines as to allowable change in pH in waste streams. It was found in once-through systems that substrate removal efficiency recovered from pH levels as low as 3.0 after rather long periods of transient leakage of substrate. Cell recycle attenuated the severity of substrate leakage. In all cases of severe acid shock, the microbial population changed from predominantly bacterial-protozoan to one consisting predominantly of filamentous fungi. Changes in chemical composition of the sludge (protein and carbohydrate content) were consistent with the population changes. Based upon the results, it can be conservatively estimated that changes in pH of no more than one unit from the neutral preshock range can be tolerated without possible disruption of biochemical efficiency of substrate removal.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260150511
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exponential growth in systems limited by substrate concentration (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 589-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260150316
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental studies on a kinetic model for design and operation of activated sludge processes (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 723-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous experimentation in our laboratory has shown that the classical theory developed for continuous growth of pure cultures in completely mixed aerobic systems in which the recycle cell concentration factor, c (where c = XR/X), is a selectable system constant, did not provide a suitable model for the heterogeneous (natural) populations of the activated sludge process. Another model was derived in which the recycle cell concentration, XR was employed as a system constant instead of c, and computational analysis was performed. Laboratory pilot plant experimentation was undertaken in order to determine whether a “steady state” in aerator biological solids concentration, X̄, and substrate concentration, S̄, could be approached under this mode of operation. Studies were performed at various organic feed concentrations holding dilution rate, D, at 0.125 hr-1, hydraulic recycle ratio, α, at 0.25, and XR at 10,000 mg/liter. Also, values of maximum specific growth rate, μmax, and saturation constant, Ks were determined. It was found that the model approached the steady state condition with heterogeneous populations more closely than did the classical model, and the high degree of treatment efficiency predicted by the model was demonstrated experimentally.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160604
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rational approach for predicting the dissolved oxygen profile in receiving waters (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 69-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A practical method for predicting the dissolved oxygen (DO) profile in a stream receiving biodegradable waste is presented. In this method the BOD (accumulated O2 uptake) curve is obtained using an open jug technique. The accumulated O2 uptake curve thus developed is employed in numerical integration with the physical reaeration data for the receiving stream to predict the DO profile in the stream. In the present study, the method was examined using 10-liter open jar reactors to obtain the O2 uptake curves, and the receiving stream was a 670-liter simulated stream apparatus which has been employed in previous studies on stream reaeration. The method was found to provide a fairly good prediction of the actual dissolved oxygen profile observed in the receiving stream. The effect of the reaeration constant, K2 )agitation effect(, on the kinetics of O2 uptake was also investigated and it was found that increased agitation (higher K2 value) caused some increase in the accumulated oxygen uptake (BOD) curve with most of the increase coming after the so-called “plateau” area in the O2 uptake curve, i.e., in the general case, after the low point along the DO sag curve.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260170106
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