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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 86 (1964), S. 4563-4567 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 87 (1965), S. 1159-1168 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mytilus galloprovincialis has a hepatopancreatic monooxygenase activity cytochrome P450-dependent. The present paper studies the induction of this activity in the hepatopancreatic microsomes after treatment of M. galloprovincialis with Na-phenobarbital. Mussels were collected from the Gulf of La Spezia in 1985. We measured the increase in levels of cytochrome P450, b5, and P420 and the 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity. Furthermore, the fraction of mouse liver was replaced by the correspondent mussels' hepatopancreatic fraction in the yeast genotoxicity test to determine the ability of mussels to biotransform cyclophosphamide and styrene oxide. The results suggest that edible mussels are capable of detoxicating styrene oxide but not of bioactivating cyclophosphamide.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 3 (1984), S. 255-262 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Molecular photon processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto «Rapporti-verifica» sono introdotti come nuovi parametri di confronto validi entro limiti ben definiti. Le loro indicazioni coincidono con quelle di altri indici significativi. In particolare essi risultano utili per individuare quelle situazioni in cui la dissociazione. è in gran parte saturata.
    Abstract: Резюме Вводятся «проверяемые отнощения» как новые параметры сравнения в определенных пределах. Указания этих отношений согласуются с указаниями других существенных индексов. В частности, эти отношения являются полезними при выяснении ситуации, когда диссоциадя достигает насыщения.
    Notes: Summary Testing ratios are introduced as new comparison parameters within defined limits. Their suggestions agree with those of other significant indices. In particular, they are useful for clarifying situations in which dissociation saturation occurs to any great extent.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 5 (1985), S. 497-515 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Molecular photon processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Per irraggiamenti in cella con fasci focalizzati, indicando conE l'energia dell'impulso, la resa della dissociazioneU risulta proporzionale adE 3/2 solo in determinate condizioni. Una condizione necessaria (ma non sufficiente) è che, se ε0 〉 0 è la fluenza di soglia del processo ed ε è il massimo della fluenza locale, tutti i punti con ε 〉 ε0 cadano all'interno della cella di reazione affinché si possa escludere ogni saturazione di volume per la dissociazione, dovuta al confinamento del fascio. Questa è una condizione importante dalla parte delle energie elevate. In quella invece delle basse energie—immediatamente al di sopra di un valore di sogliaE 0 diE, al di sotto del quale non avviene alcuna dissociazione—le deviazioni diU dalla menzionata legge di proporzionalità sono intrinseche alla struttura del fascio nella regione focale. A differenza di altri studi, nessuna particolare ipotesi è fatta circa il comportamento della probabilità di dissociazione localeP nei riguardi di ε, da sopra ε0 fino al collasso (P=1), eccetto cheP è una funzione non decrescente di ε. La leggeE 3/2 risulta perciò indifferente alla particolare natura diP. Questa infatti fissa solo il limite inferiore diE, E 2, al di sopra del qualeU può variare comeE 3/2. QuandoE〉E 2, ed il confinamento del fascio lo consente, l'ottica geometrica può essere adattata per ottenere gli stessi risultati dalla propagazione gaussiana. Da qui è possibile una immediata generalizzazione dei risultati a fasci laser focalizzati di ogni struttura spaziale. Parametri importanti, quali i fattori di selettività, hanno un preciso significato solo nella regioneE 3/2. Nella discussione di sistemi SF6 è opportunamente sottolineata l'importanza di parametri indicativi della saturazione di volume che possono essere d'aiuto nell'evitare interpretazioni fuorvianti.
    Abstract: Резюме При облучении в ячейке фокусированным пучком выход диссоциацииU подчиняется законуE 3/2 только при определенных условиях, гдеE есть энергия импульса. Необходимое (но не достаточное) условие для этого есть, если ε0 〉 0 представляет пороговый флюенс процесса, а ε максимум локакьного флюенса, то все точки, где ε 〉 ε0 попадают в ячейку реакции, чтобы можно было исключить насыщение объема диссоциации, вследствие удержания пучка. Это условие является важным в области высоких энергий. В области низких энергий непосредственно выше пороговой величиныE 0 дляE, ниже которой не происходит диссоциация, отклонения выходаU от зависимостиE 3/2 связаны со структурой пучка в фокальной области. Не делается никаких специальных предположений относительно поведения вероятности локальной диссоциацииP в зависимости от ε в области от ε0 вплоть до распада (P=1), кроме того, чтоP является неубывающей функцией ε. ЗависимостьE 3/2 получается независимо от вида функцииP от ε. Вид этой зависимости может влиять только на нижний пределE, E 2; выше которого выходU изменяется какE 3/2. КогдаE〈E 2; допускя удержание пучка, можно использовать геометрическую оптику для получения тех же результатов для распространения гауссова пучка. Возможно непосредственное обобщение полученных результатов на случай фокусированного лазерного пучка для любой пространственной структуры. Такие важные параметры, как факторы селективности, имеют определнный смысл только в области пропорциональностиE 3/2. При рассмотрении систем SF6 подчеркивается важность параметров, определяющих объем насыщения, которые позволяют избежать ошибочной интерпретации.
    Notes: Summary For in-cell irradiation and focused beams, withE being the pulse energy, the dissociation yieldU obeys anE 3/2-scale law only under definite conditions. A necessary (but not sufficient) condition is that, if ε0 〉 0 is the threshold fluence of the process and ε the maximum of the local fluence, all points at which ε 〉 ε0 fall into the reaction cell to exclude positively volume saturation of the dissociation due to the beam confinement. This is an important condition on the side of the high energies. On the side of the low energies, however, immediately above a threshold valueE 0 ofE, under which dissociation does not occur, yield deviations from theE 3/2-dependence are intrinsic to the beam structure in the waist (focal) region. Unlike other sources, no particular assumption is made as to the behaviourvs. ε of the local dissociation probabilityP from above ε0 up to the breakdown (P=1), but that it does not decrease with increasing ε′s. TheE 3/2-dependence is, therefore, irrespective of the very particular ε-features ofP. These features indeed affect only the inferior limit ofE, E 2, above which the yield may scale asE 3/2. WhenE〉E 2 and the beam confinement allows it, geometrical optics can be adapted to produce the same results of the Gaussian propagation. Hence an immediate generalization of the results to focused laser outputs of any spatial structure is possible. Important parameters, such as the selectivity factors, have a definite meaning only in theE 3/2-region. In the discussion of SF6 systems, the importance of parameters pointing out volume saturation, which may help to avoid misleading interpretations, is conveniently emphasized.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 3 (1984), S. 235-254 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Molecular photon processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si considerano processi a soglia in fasci non attenuati e perfettamente focalizzati. Mediante la probabilità locale di dissociazione, la frazione di molecole dissociate per imulso ω è messa in relazione con una funzione primitiva localeS che dipende solo dalla frequenza della radiazione ν, dal massimo della fluenza locale ε, dalle variabili di stato β ed, eventualmente, dalla struttura temporale dell’impulso; si trova che ω varia con l’energia dell’impulso, la distanza focale ed il volume della cella in modi caratteristici purché siano soddisfatte alcune condizioni. Se ε0 è la soglia empirica, può risultare realistico e conveniente semplicemente ammettere cheS≡0 per ε⩽ε0 e cheS=s 1(ε−ε0) per ε〉ε0, cioè che la sezione d’urto $$\bar s = \partial S/\partial \varepsilon $$ sia a soglia, con $$\bar s \equiv 0$$ per ε⩽ε0 ed $$\bar s = s_1 , \bar s_1 = s_1 (\nu ,\beta )$$ per ε〉ε0. Questa approssimazione è adeguata entro ampi limiti per specie come32SF6 e12CF2Cl2. Inoltre si osserva che32 s 1 è indipendente dalla struttura temporale dell’impulso e fattorizzabile:32 s 1(ν,β)=ν(ν)·β(β).
    Abstract: Резюме Расаматриваются пороговые процессы и идеально сфокусированные, незатухающие пучки. Молярная диссоциация за импульс ω связана, через вероятность локальной диссоциацииP, с локальной функциейS, зависящей только от частоты излучения ν, от максимума локального потока ε, от переменных состояния β, а также может быть от временной структуры импульса. Получено, что ω изменяется с знергией импуляса, фокусным расстоянием и объемом ячейки обычным образом, при выполнении определенных условий, ε0 является змпирическим порогом. Можно предположить, чтоS≡0 для ε⩽ε0 иS=s 1(ε−ε0) для ε〉ε0, т.е. поперечное сечение является ступенчатым $$\bar s = \partial S/\partial \varepsilon $$ , с $$\bar s \equiv 0$$ при ε⩽ε0 и $$\bar s = s_1 (\nu ,\beta )$$ при ε〉ε0. Образцы типа32SF6 и12CF2Cl2 в широких пределах удовлетворяют зтому ступенчатому поперечному сечению. Кроме того, оказывается, что32 s 1 не зависит от временной структуры импульса и факторизуется:32 s 1(ν,β)=ν(ν)·β(β).
    Notes: Summary Threshold processes and ideally focused, non attenuated beams areconsidered. The fractional dissociation per pulse ω is plainly related, through the local dissociation probabilityP, to a local primitive functionS depending only on the radiation frequency ν, the maximum ε of the local fluence, the state variables β as well as, possibly, the pulse temporal structure; ω is found to scale with regard to pulse energy focal length and cell volume in typical ways provided certain defined conditions are satisfied. ε0 being the empirical threshold, it may be realistic and convenient to simply assumeS≡0 for ε⩽ε0 andS=s 1(ε−ε0) for ε〉ε0,i.e. a step cross-section $$\bar s = \partial S/\partial \varepsilon $$ , with $$\bar s \equiv 0$$ for ε⩽ε0 and $$\bar s = s_1 (\nu ,\beta )$$ for ε〉ε0. Species like32SF6 and12CF2Cl2 comply with this step crosssection approximation within large limits. In addition,32 s 1 turns out to be independent of the pulse tenporal structure and to be factorable:32 s 1(ν, β)=ν(ν)·β(β).
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 123 (1984), S. 186-193 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 112 (1983), S. 809-816 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Inorganica Chimica Acta 40 (1980), S. X74-X75 
    ISSN: 0020-1693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0891-5849
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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