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  • 1
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    Single molecule profiling of alternative pre-mRNA splicing (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: Alternative pre-messenger RNA splicing is an important mechanism for generating protein diversity and may explain in part how mammalian complexity arises from a surprisingly small complement of genes. Here, we describe "digital polony exon profiling,"a single molecule-based technology for studying complex alternative pre-messenger RNA splicing. This technology allows researchers to monitor the combinatorial diversity of exon inclusion in individual transcripts. A minisequencing strategy provides single nucleotide resolution, and the digital nature of the technology allows quantitation of individual splicing variants. Digital polony exon profiling can be used to investigate the physiological and pathological roles of alternately spliced messenger RNAs, as well as the mechanisms by which these messenger RNAs are produced.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Jun -- Shendure, Jay -- Mitra, Robi D -- Church, George M -- 5U54GM62119/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):836-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acrylamide ; *Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD44/genetics ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; *Exons ; Humans ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Isoforms ; RNA Precursors/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; SMN Complex Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    A highly annotated whole-genome sequence of a Korean individual (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-10
    Description: Recent advances in sequencing technologies have initiated an era of personal genome sequences. To date, human genome sequences have been reported for individuals with ancestry in three distinct geographical regions: a Yoruba African, two individuals of northwest European origin, and a person from China. Here we provide a highly annotated, whole-genome sequence for a Korean individual, known as AK1. The genome of AK1 was determined by an exacting, combined approach that included whole-genome shotgun sequencing (27.8x coverage), targeted bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing, and high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization using custom microarrays featuring more than 24 million probes. Alignment to the NCBI reference, a composite of several ethnic clades, disclosed nearly 3.45 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 10,162 non-synonymous SNPs, and 170,202 deletion or insertion polymorphisms (indels). SNP and indel densities were strongly correlated genome-wide. Applying very conservative criteria yielded highly reliable copy number variants for clinical considerations. Potential medical phenotypes were annotated for non-synonymous SNPs, coding domain indels, and structural variants. The integration of several human whole-genome sequences derived from several ethnic groups will assist in understanding genetic ancestry, migration patterns and population bottlenecks.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860965/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860965/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jong-Il -- Ju, Young Seok -- Park, Hansoo -- Kim, Sheehyun -- Lee, Seonwook -- Yi, Jae-Hyuk -- Mudge, Joann -- Miller, Neil A -- Hong, Dongwan -- Bell, Callum J -- Kim, Hye-Sun -- Chung, In-Soon -- Lee, Woo-Chung -- Lee, Ji-Sun -- Seo, Seung-Hyun -- Yun, Ji-Young -- Woo, Hyun Nyun -- Lee, Heewook -- Suh, Dongwhan -- Lee, Seungbok -- Kim, Hyun-Jin -- Yavartanoo, Maryam -- Kwak, Minhye -- Zheng, Ying -- Lee, Mi Kyeong -- Park, Hyunjun -- Kim, Jeong Yeon -- Gokcumen, Omer -- Mills, Ryan E -- Zaranek, Alexander Wait -- Thakuria, Joseph -- Wu, Xiaodi -- Kim, Ryan W -- Huntley, Jim J -- Luo, Shujun -- Schroth, Gary P -- Wu, Thomas D -- Kim, HyeRan -- Yang, Kap-Seok -- Park, Woong-Yang -- Kim, Hyungtae -- Church, George M -- Lee, Charles -- Kingsmore, Stephen F -- Seo, Jeong-Sun -- HG004221/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR016480/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR016480-08/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR016480/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI066569/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI066569-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD077693/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):1011-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08211. Epub 2009 Jul 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Computational Biology ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; INDEL Mutation/genetics ; Korea ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Programming cells by multiplex genome engineering and accelerated evolution (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-28
    Description: The breadth of genomic diversity found among organisms in nature allows populations to adapt to diverse environments. However, genomic diversity is difficult to generate in the laboratory and new phenotypes do not easily arise on practical timescales. Although in vitro and directed evolution methods have created genetic variants with usefully altered phenotypes, these methods are limited to laborious and serial manipulation of single genes and are not used for parallel and continuous directed evolution of gene networks or genomes. Here, we describe multiplex automated genome engineering (MAGE) for large-scale programming and evolution of cells. MAGE simultaneously targets many locations on the chromosome for modification in a single cell or across a population of cells, thus producing combinatorial genomic diversity. Because the process is cyclical and scalable, we constructed prototype devices that automate the MAGE technology to facilitate rapid and continuous generation of a diverse set of genetic changes (mismatches, insertions, deletions). We applied MAGE to optimize the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli to overproduce the industrially important isoprenoid lycopene. Twenty-four genetic components in the DXP pathway were modified simultaneously using a complex pool of synthetic DNA, creating over 4.3 billion combinatorial genomic variants per day. We isolated variants with more than fivefold increase in lycopene production within 3 days, a significant improvement over existing metabolic engineering techniques. Our multiplex approach embraces engineering in the context of evolution by expediting the design and evolution of organisms with new and improved properties.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590770/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590770/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Harris H -- Isaacs, Farren J -- Carr, Peter A -- Sun, Zachary Z -- Xu, George -- Forest, Craig R -- Church, George M -- DP5 OD009172/OD/NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 13;460(7257):894-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08187. Epub 2009 Jul 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. hhwang@genetics.med.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19633652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Biotechnology/instrumentation/*methods ; Carotenoids/biosynthesis ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA/biosynthesis/genetics ; Directed Molecular Evolution/instrumentation/*methods ; Escherichia coli/cytology/*genetics/*metabolism ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genome, Bacterial/*genetics ; Pentosephosphates/biosynthesis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Corrigendum: Biocontainment of genetically modified organisms by synthetic protein design (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mandell, Daniel J -- Lajoie, Marc J -- Mee, Michael T -- Takeuchi, Ryo -- Kuznetsov, Gleb -- Norville, Julie E -- Gregg, Christopher J -- Stoddard, Barry L -- Church, George M -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 12;527(7577):264. doi: 10.1038/nature15536. Epub 2015 Sep 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26416745" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Biocontainment of genetically modified organisms by synthetic protein design (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-22
    Description: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are increasingly deployed at large scales and in open environments. Genetic biocontainment strategies are needed to prevent unintended proliferation of GMOs in natural ecosystems. Existing biocontainment methods are insufficient because they impose evolutionary pressure on the organism to eject the safeguard by spontaneous mutagenesis or horizontal gene transfer, or because they can be circumvented by environmentally available compounds. Here we computationally redesign essential enzymes in the first organism possessing an altered genetic code (Escherichia coli strain C321.DeltaA) to confer metabolic dependence on non-standard amino acids for survival. The resulting GMOs cannot metabolically bypass their biocontainment mechanisms using known environmental compounds, and they exhibit unprecedented resistance to evolutionary escape through mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer. This work provides a foundation for safer GMOs that are isolated from natural ecosystems by a reliance on synthetic metabolites.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4422498/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4422498/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mandell, Daniel J -- Lajoie, Marc J -- Mee, Michael T -- Takeuchi, Ryo -- Kuznetsov, Gleb -- Norville, Julie E -- Gregg, Christopher J -- Stoddard, Barry L -- Church, George M -- R01 GM049857/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 5;518(7537):55-60. doi: 10.1038/nature14121. Epub 2015 Jan 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Program in Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA. ; 1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25607366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Biological Evolution ; Codon/genetics ; Containment of Biohazards/*methods ; Ecosystem ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/*genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal/genetics ; Genes, Essential/genetics ; Genetic Code/genetics ; Genetic Engineering/methods ; Microbial Viability/genetics ; Mutation/genetics ; Organisms, Genetically Modified/*genetics/metabolism ; Safety ; Selection, Genetic ; Synthetic Biology/*methods
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Polony multiplex analysis of gene expression (PMAGE) in mouse hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: We describe a sensitive mRNA profiling technology, PMAGE (for "polony multiplex analysis of gene expression"), which detects messenger RNAs (mRNAs) as rare as one transcript per three cells. PMAGE incorporates an improved ligation-based method to sequence 14-nucleotide tags derived from individual mRNA molecules. One sequence tag from each mRNA molecule is amplified onto a separate 1-micrometer bead, denoted as a polymerase colony or polony, and about 5 million polonies are arrayed in a flow cell for parallel sequencing. Using PMAGE, we identified early transcriptional changes that preceded pathological manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice carrying a disease-causing mutation. PMAGE provided a comprehensive profile of cardiac mRNAs, including low-abundance mRNAs encoding signaling molecules and transcription factors that are likely to participate in disease pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jae Bum -- Porreca, Gregory J -- Song, Lei -- Greenway, Steven C -- Gorham, Joshua M -- Church, George M -- Seidman, Christine E -- Seidman, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1481-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; DNA, Complementary ; Fibrosis/genetics/pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling/*methods ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Library ; Heart Ventricles/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Ventricular Myosins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Functional characterization of the antibiotic resistance reservoir in the human microflora (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: To understand the process by which antibiotic resistance genes are acquired by human pathogens, we functionally characterized the resistance reservoir in the microbial flora of healthy individuals. Most of the resistance genes we identified using culture-independent sampling have not been previously identified and are evolutionarily distant from known resistance genes. By contrast, nearly half of the resistance genes we identified in cultured aerobic gut isolates (a small subset of the gut microbiome) are identical to resistance genes harbored by major pathogens. The immense diversity of resistance genes in the human microbiome could contribute to future emergence of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720503/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720503/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sommer, Morten O A -- Dantas, Gautam -- Church, George M -- P50 HG003170/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1128-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1176950.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. sommer@genetics.med.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Antiporters/genetics/metabolism ; Bacteria/drug effects/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Bacteria, Aerobic/classification/drug effects/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Digestive System/*microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/*genetics ; Feces/microbiology ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; *Metagenome ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Proteobacteria/classification/drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification ; Saliva/microbiology ; Transposases/genetics/metabolism ; beta-Lactamases/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    A logic-gated nanorobot for targeted transport of molecular payloads (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-22
    Description: We describe an autonomous DNA nanorobot capable of transporting molecular payloads to cells, sensing cell surface inputs for conditional, triggered activation, and reconfiguring its structure for payload delivery. The device can be loaded with a variety of materials in a highly organized fashion and is controlled by an aptamer-encoded logic gate, enabling it to respond to a wide array of cues. We implemented several different logical AND gates and demonstrate their efficacy in selective regulation of nanorobot function. As a proof of principle, nanorobots loaded with combinations of antibody fragments were used in two different types of cell-signaling stimulation in tissue culture. Our prototype could inspire new designs with different selectivities and biologically active payloads for cell-targeting tasks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Douglas, Shawn M -- Bachelet, Ido -- Church, George M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 17;335(6070):831-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1214081.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22344439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *DNA/chemistry ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fragments/immunology ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Mice ; Molecular Conformation ; *Nanostructures ; *Robotics ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3 ; *Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9 (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-05
    Description: Bacteria and archaea have evolved adaptive immune defenses, termed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems, that use short RNA to direct degradation of foreign nucleic acids. Here, we engineer the type II bacterial CRISPR system to function with custom guide RNA (gRNA) in human cells. For the endogenous AAVS1 locus, we obtained targeting rates of 10 to 25% in 293T cells, 13 to 8% in K562 cells, and 2 to 4% in induced pluripotent stem cells. We show that this process relies on CRISPR components; is sequence-specific; and, upon simultaneous introduction of multiple gRNAs, can effect multiplex editing of target loci. We also compute a genome-wide resource of ~190 K unique gRNAs targeting ~40.5% of human exons. Our results establish an RNA-guided editing tool for facile, robust, and multiplexable human genome engineering.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712628/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712628/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mali, Prashant -- Yang, Luhan -- Esvelt, Kevin M -- Aach, John -- Guell, Marc -- DiCarlo, James E -- Norville, Julie E -- Church, George M -- P50 HG005550/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):823-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1232033. Epub 2013 Jan 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23287722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Caspase 9/*chemistry/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics ; Codon/genetics ; DNA Cleavage ; Exons ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Genetic Loci ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Inverted Repeat Sequences/*genetics ; K562 Cells ; RNA/*chemistry/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Neuroscience. The brain activity map (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3722427/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3722427/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alivisatos, A Paul -- Chun, Miyoung -- Church, George M -- Deisseroth, Karl -- Donoghue, John P -- Greenspan, Ralph J -- McEuen, Paul L -- Roukes, Michael L -- Sejnowski, Terrence J -- Weiss, Paul S -- Yuste, Rafael -- DP1 EY024503/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- DP1 GM105376/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 15;339(6125):1284-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1236939. Epub 2013 Mar 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. alivis@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23470729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain Diseases/physiopathology ; Brain Mapping/economics/*methods ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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