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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the simulation of wind-driven currents in shallow water (1985)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 33 (1985), S. 355-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gleichungen für eine Wassergrenzschicht endlicher Tiefe werden numerisch integriert, wobei ein Mischungswegansatz für den turbulenten Diffusionskoeffzienten verwendet wird. Die Ergebnisse werden mit dem Fall eines konstanten Diffusionskoeffizienten verglichen, wobei Wassertiefen zwischen 5 m und 50 m betrachtet werden. Der Einfluß der Bodenreibung auf die Oberflächenströmung wird dargestellt.
    Notes: Summary The boundary-layer equations for shallow water are solved numerically using a mixing length approach for the eddy viscosity coefficient. The results are compared to the classical solution with constant eddy viscosity for water layer depth between 5 m and 50 m, showing the influence of bottom friction on the surface flow development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258485
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mesoscale vortex shedding from large islands: A comparison with laboratory experiments of rotating stratified flows (1990)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 43 (1990), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Mesoscale vortex shedding in the wake of large islands has been analysed with respect to the influence of stratification and background rotation. Comparison with results from laboratory experiments on rotating-stratified flows past isolated obstacles based on Rossby and Froude numbers have shown that forFr〈0.4 vortex shedding can be expected for moderate rotation rates. Rossby numbers for cases of atmospheric vortex streets were found to be much larger than in laboratory experiments. Depending on the Froude number different flow pattern in the wake of three-dimensional obstacles have been identified in both, laboratory experiments and atmospheric observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01028117
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On atmospheric vortex streets in the wake of large islands (1989)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 41 (1989), S. 157-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Results from laboratory experiments on stably stratified flows over three-dimensional obstacles are related to atmospheric vortex streets formed in the lee of large islands. A quasi horizontal flow around the island can be expected if stable stratification favours the formation of a so-called dividing streamline below the islands top. The subsequent shedding of vortices with vertical axis from islands may then be due to viscous boundary layer separation, but also other possible mechanisms of vortex shedding in stably stratified flows are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01043134
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of local and non-local turbulence closure methods for the case of a cold air outbreak (1992)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 58 (1992), S. 69-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Numerical experiments have shown that large-eddy-simulation models (LES) are able to reproduce the common features of convective boundary layers (CBL) quite well. Models which cannot resolve the convective motions due to their grid structure (1D-models or models with coarse horizontal and/or vertical resolution) have to take into account the effects of large eddies within their subgrid diffusion terms. Turbulent fluxes are frequently parameterized through first-order-closure methods (K-theory). Recently, non-local closure schemes have also been developed. In this paper we compare 1D-and 2D-models using different local and non-local first-order closure methods. The analysis is carried out for the case of an idealized cold air outbreak (CAO). One of the non-local closures is based on the so-called transilient turbulence theory. The reference states are given by a bulk-model and a 2D-model which resolves the large eddies explicitly. A comparison of the results is presented for characteristic quantities such as evolution of boundary-layer height and surface heat flux as well as mean wind and temperature profiles. It is found that simple local first-order closure does not give good agreement with the reference models. The results of the transilient turbulence model shows that a non-local closure is able to parameterize the effects of the large eddies. Comparable results are produced by a local closure where eddy diffusivities are parameterized by dimensionless gradient-functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120752
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Roll vortices in the planetary boundary layer: A review (1993)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 65 (1993), S. 215-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Roll vortices may be loosely defined as quasi two-dimensional organized large eddies with their horizontal axis extending through the whole planetary boundary layer (PBL). Their indirect manifestation is most obvious in so-called cloud streets as can be seen in numerous satellite pictures. Although this phenomenon has been known for more than twenty years and has been treated in a review by one of us (R.A.Brown) in 1980, there has been a recent resurgence in interest and information. The interest in ocena/land-atmosphere interactions in the context of climate modeling has led to detailed observational and modeling efforts on this problem. The presence of rolls can have a large impact on flux modelling in the PBL. Hence, we shall review recent advances in our understanding of organized large eddies in the PBL and on their role in vertical transport of momentum, heat, moisture and chemical trace substances within the lowest part of the atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705527
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the E-ε turbulence model to the atmospheric boundary layer (1985)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 33 (1985), S. 113-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the so called E - ε turbulence model, an eddy viscosity is evaluated from turbulent kinetic energy E and energy dissipation ε. Although still a first-order closure method in its simpler form, the E- ε model yields eddy viscosity for complex turbulent flows without a prior prescription of a length scale needed in so-called mixing-length models. The E - ε model has been successfully applied to many flow problems in engineering applications for non-rotating boundary layers. In this paper, the E - ε method is extended to the atmospheric boundary layer for which a modification of the dissipation equation is found to be necessary in order to give results comparable with observational data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123386
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the instability of a planetary boundary layer with Rossby-number similarity (1975)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 9 (1975), S. 341-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The formation of longitudinal vortex rolls in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is investigated by means of perturbation analysis. The method is the same as that used by previous authors who have investigated the instability of a laminar Ekman layer. To study the instability of the turbulent boundary layer of the atmosphere, vertical profiles are needed of the eddy viscosity and of the two components of the basic flow. These profiles have been obtained by a numerical PBL-model; they are universal for z≫z 0. (However, the stability equations are not completely universal, i.e., independent of the external parameters). For each thermal stratification, expressed by the internal stratification parameter Μ, one has a set of three consistent profiles. The numerical solution of the stability equations gives the critical values and the perturbation growth rates as functions of thermal stratification Μ and of the surface Rossby number Ro0. This is in contrast to the case of a laminar Ekman layer, where the instability depends on a Reynolds number only, which makes atmospheric applications difficult. The most unstable perturbations are found for Ro0 = 1 × 106 approximately, which is in the range of surface Rossby numbers observed in the atmosphere. However, considering vortex rolls oriented in the direction of the surface stress, the instability is found to be ‘universal’, i.e., independent of the external parameters combined in the surface Rossby number. With respect to thermal stratification, the results show that the instability of the perturbations increases with increasing static stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230775
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  • 8
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    On the instability of a planetary boundary layer with Rossby number similarity (1978)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0006-8314
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1472
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Preface: The LITFASS-2003 experiment (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Print ISSN: 0006-8314
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1472
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Roll vortices in the planetary boundary layer: A review (1993)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0006-8314
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1472
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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