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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR MINEWATER TREATMENT: PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 18 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Wetlands were constructed between 1995 and 1999 to treat discharges from abandoned coalmines in the Pelenna Valley, South Wales. This was one of the first and most comprehensive demonstrations of passive minewater treatment technology in Europe, incorporating aerobic and anaerobic cells, including ‘reducing and alkalinity-producing systems. The wetlands were monitored to assess their performance and longevity and were found to remove 82-96% of the incoming iron, with no decline in treatment performance over the monitoring period to 2002. Oxidation was found to be the dominant iron-removal process, even in vertical-flow cells which were designed to utilise anaerobic processes. Factors limiting the longevity of iron-removal processes were identified. maintenance requirements were highlighted and life-span predictions were calculated for the systems. The wetlands were shown to be an effective and low maintenance (but not maintenance-free) method of treating net-acidic and net-alkaline minewater.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2004.tb00513.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR MINEWATER TREATMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS AND ECOLOGICAL RECOVERY (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 18 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: The ecology of the River Pelenna (in South Wales) was impoverished by polluted discharges from abandoned coal mines. A series of passive constructed wetlands was created in order to treat these discharges and to improve the ecology of the river. A three-year Environment Agency R&D project investigated the performance, environmental benefits and sustainability of the constructed wetlands. It showed that the treatment systems were removing most of the iron contamination. In the reaches downstream from the minewaters, the dissolved-iron concentration quickly dropped below the target level. Invertebrate abundance, trout and riverine bird populations increased in following years. However, occasional overflows from the systems have significantly affected the ecology of one stretch of river. The research work has provided an insight into the potential for ecological recovery associated with future minewater treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2004.tb00514.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    FACTORS AFFECTING MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY AT SIXTEEN BEACHES IN SOUTH-WEST WALES (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Routine monitoring data from 1993 to 1999 were analysed to elucidate relationships between microbiological water quality and enviranmental conditions at sixteen EC identified bathing waters in South-West Wales. The objective was (a) to gain an understanding of the factors affecting non-compliance with the guideline standard of the EC Bathing Waters Directive, (b) to aid the development of action plans for improved bathing-water quality, and (c) to enable effective targeting of future investigations. The analyses demonstrated relationships between water quality and rainfall, sunshine, tidal range, tidal state, time of sampling, time of year, wind speed, wind direction, state of sea, transparency, river flows, river quality, salinity and temperature. The temporal and spatial variability in water quality shown by this study also highlights the need to ensure that monitoring programmes represent conditions at the times and locations of greatest bathing-water use.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2003.tb00430.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Information from River-Corridor Surveys (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: A river-corridor survey (RCS), routinely undertaken on behalf of the National Rivers Authority (NRA), provides a consistent national approach to gathering and recording environmental information on 500-m stretches of river corridor. The development of RCS is reviewed and the methodology which is currently applied within the NRA is described. A research programme, sponsored by the NRA, to develop scientifically-valid methods for extracting quantitative information from RCS maps is outlined. The methodology allows for spatial distortions and operator variance in mapping the 500-m stretches. It is based on an abundance scale and therefore provides data which can be quantitatively combined and analysed (a) to highlight different properties of the river corridor and (b) to summarize those properties over different corridor lengths. The results of an example application of these methods of information extraction to a 14.5-km length of river corridor are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1995.tb01487.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Riverine landscapes: an introduction (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Freshwater biology 47 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: 1. This paper is an introduction to a special issue of Freshwater Biology containing selected papers from the First International Symposium on Riverine Landscapes held in March 2001 in Switzerland.2. The primary goal of the symposium was to synthesise present understanding of riverine landscapes from the perspectives of different disciplines. A landscape approach was used to address interactions between patterns and processes, in the context of spatial heterogeneity, across scales in physical and biological systems.3. The three main themes were: (i) hydrogeomorphic processes, (ii) biological dynamics and (iii) human influences in riverine landscapes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00913.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The life history of Salicaceae living in the active zone of floodplains (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Freshwater biology 47 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: 1. Exposed riverine sediments are difficult substrata for seedling establishment because of extremes in the microclimate, poor soil conditions and frequent habitat turnover. Various species of willows and poplars (Salicaceae) appear to be particularly successful in colonising such sediments and are often dominant in floodplain habitats throughout the northern temperate zone.2. In many Salicaceae regeneration seems to be adapted to regular disturbance by flooding. Efficient seed dispersal is achieved by the production of abundant seed in spring and early summer, which are dispersed by air and water. Seeds are short-lived and germinate immediately on moist surfaces. Seedling establishment is only possible if these surfaces stay moist and undisturbed for a sufficient period of time.3. Larger plants of Salicaceae have exceptional mechanical properties, such as high bending stability, which enable them to withstand moderate floods. If uprooted, washed away or fragmented by more powerful floods these plants re-sprout vigorously.4. While these life characteristics can be interpreted as adaptations to the floodplain environment, they may also cause a high genetic variability in populations of Salicaceae and predispose Salicaceae to hybridization. Thus, a feed back between adaptive life history characteristics and the evolutionary process is proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00894.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of mollusc grazing on seedling recruitment in artificially created grassland gaps (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 106 (1996), S. 240-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Diversity ; Grazing ; Molluscicide ; Regeneration ; Seed bank
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two experiments conducted in spring and autumn 1992 examined the effect of mollusc grazing on seedling regeneration from natural grassland seedbanks by creating artificial gaps in plots in a grassland sward. Molluscs were excluded from half the gaps by application of molluscicide. Mollusc grazing in both the spring and autumn experiment significantly reduced seedling recruitment, though the intensity of grazing was greatest in autumn. Recruitment of five species was markedly influenced by molluscicide application. In spring, plots from which molluscs were excluded contained significantly more seedlings of Chenopodium polyspermum and Ranunculus acris. In the autumn, exclusion of molluscs resulted in increased populations of R. acris, Stellaria graminea and Rumex acetosa. Cerastium holosteoides populations were greatest in autumn grazed plots. Other species, notably the grasses Holcus lanatus and Agrostis capillaris and the legume Trifolium repens were unaffected by molluscicide application. Species diversity was significantly decreased by molluscicide application in the autumn. Gap size significantly affected the recruitment of two species. Ranunculus acris populations were significantly higher in small gaps in both spring and summer, while Chenopodium recruitment in the spring was greater in small gaps. Gap size also significantly influenced the risk of mollusc attack on Ranunculus as molluscs appeared to show an aggregative feeding response in the high seedling density small gaps. Selective grazing of vulnerable seedlings by molluscs may influence the eventual relative proportions of the species present and so provide a potent mechanism in shaping community composition in grasslands.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328604
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Palatability of British trees to insects: constitutive and induced defences (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 69 (1986), S. 316-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Undamaged foliage of sixteen species of broadleaved trees was assessed for background (constitutive) palatability using larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera) in laboratory bioassays. Palatability (dry weight consumed in 48 h) varied significantly between species and exhibited a four-fold range. Leaves of fifteen species were damaged artificially in the field and offered with control (undamaged) leaves to Spodoptera after 48 h and two weeks on the tree. Leaves adjacent to the damaged ones were similarly tested. Ten species exhibited significant (P〈0.02) wound induced declines in palatability; damaged and adjacent foliage was involved. Although there was no significant relationship between the trees' constitutive palatability and the number of invertebrate herbivore species they support, this previously-demonstrated relationship closely approached significance when the species showing wound-induced effects were excluded from the regression. These results are discussed within the limitations of laboratory bioassays and the possible field consequences are briefly considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377640
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wound-induced changes in the palatability of Betula pubescens and B. pendula (1984)
    Springer
    Oecologia 61 (1984), S. 372-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Leaves of Betula were damaged artificially in April, June and August 1982. Palatability of damaged and adjacent undamaged leaves was assessed against controls in bioassays using the polyphagous Lepidoptera Spodoptera littoralis and Orgyia antiqua. Assessments were carried out at intervals from six hours to five months following each damage date. Palatability (relative proportions of leaves consumed) was significantly lower than controls in damaged and adjacent leaves after six hours and remained detectable for up to two months but this was less clear in the June-damaged samples and undetectable in the August group. Adjacent leaves were significantly affected whether distal or proximal to the damaged leaves. Marked and significant changes occurred in levels of soluble tannins in the damaged and adjacent leaves but the relationship between crude tannin levels and changed palatability was not simple cause and effect. No significant effects of damage on aphid (Euceraphis punctipennis) reproduction could be detected among birches in a growth room experiment in which half the trees were artificially damaged and half were controls. The results are discussed in the light of earlier work on induced defence in birch and five areas of significant new information represented by the results in this paper are identified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379637
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temporal and spatial variation in palatability of soybean and cotton leaves following wounding (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 79 (1989), S. 520-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Wound-induced changes ; Soybean ; Cotton ; Spodoptera littoralis ; Image analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Leaves of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were mechanically damaged with a single hole and offered to Spodoptera littoralis Boisd (Lep., Noctuidae) larvae in laboratory bioassays at intervals of between 0 and 7 days from damage. The subsequent within-leaf grazing patterns of damaged and undamaged areas were compared using an image-analysing computer, and estimations were made by eye of percentage, areas grazed at three spatial scales. Reduction in palatability of damaged areas of both plant species was detected, at time intervals ranging from 0 to 7 days after damage. This effect was strongest for the longer time intervals and the effect became weaker with increasing distance from the site of damage. These results are discussed in relation to possible defensive roles of wound-induced changes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378670
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