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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 3957-3960 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemical Reactions, XXIV: On the Photooxidation of Δ4,4′ -BiflavyleneOn irradiation in benzene solution in the presence of air oxygen, Δ4,4′ -biflavylene (2) yields 2,3- epoxy-Δ4,4′ -biflavylene (5). The reactivity of Δ4,4′ -biflavylenes is discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 3058-3069 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photolysis of 9-Azidotriptycene. - Structure of the Dimer of a Severely Strained Bridgehead IminePhotolysis of 9-azidotriptycene (4) in cyclohexane affords molecular nitrogen and a dimer of the intermediate bridgehead imine 5 in 69% yield. The dimer is very sensitive towards traces of acid and irradiation in the presence of oxygen. The structure of the dimer is elucidated by spectroscopic methods as well as by an X-ray diffraction analysis. In solution approximately equal amounts of the (racemic) diastereomers 10 A and B are present which interconvert via an energy barrier of ΔG413≠ = ca. 90 kJ · mol-1. In contrast, in the crystalline state only diastereomer 10 A exists. The distereomer 10 A crystallizes as a racemate in the monoclinic space group P21/n (No. 14) with four molecules per cell. As the first step in the formation of 10 A, B we assume a dimerization of the bridgehead imine 5 producing 12 which rearranges to 10 A, B via a proton shift (→13) and subsequent opening of one of the 4H-azepine rings. The results are indicative of some diradical character of the bridgehead imine 5.
    Notes: Die Photolyse des 9-Azidotriptycens (4) in Cyclohexan ergibt neben Stickstoff mit 69% Ausbeute ein Dimeres des intermediären Brückenkopfimins 5. Das Dimere ist sehr empfindlich gegen Säurespuren und Belichten in Gegenwart von Luftsauerstoff. Die Struktur des Dimeren wird spektroskopisch und durch Röntgenbeugungsanalyse aufgeklärt. In Lösung liegen etwa gleiche Mengen der Diastereomeren 10 A und B vor, die sich mit ΔG413≠ =ca. 90 kJ · mol-1 ineinander umwandeln. Im Kristall existiert dagegen nur das Diastereomere 10 A, das als Racemat monoklin in der Raumgruppe P21/n (Nr. 14) mit vier Molekülen in der Elementarzelle kristallisiert. Als ersten Schritt der Bildung von 10 A, B nehmen wir eine Dimerisierung des Brückenkopfimins 5 zu 12 an, das sich durch Protonenwanderung (→13) und Öffnung eines 4H-Azepinrings in 10A, B umlagert. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für einen gewissen Diradikalcharakter des Brückenkopfimins 5.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3605-3609 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Reaction of 1,1′,3,3′-Tetraphenyl-2,2′-biimidazolidinylidene with Carbon Disulfide1,1′,3,3′-Tetraphenyl-2,2′-biimidazolidinylidene (1) reacts with carbon disulfide to give a red compound, the constitution of which was demonstrated by X-ray analysis to be that of the betaine 2.
    Notes: 1,1′,3,3′-Tetraphenyl-2,2′-biimidazolidinyliden (1) reagiert mit Schwefelkohlenstoff unter Bildung einer roten Verbindung, deren Konstitution durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse im Sinne des Betains 2 aufgeklärt wurde.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3094-3097 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,2,Tricarbonyl-3 Compounds, XIV. The Photochemical Epoxidation of a Carbonyl Group by MethanolThe 1,4-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane 3, dissolved in benzene, is stable against irradiation by a mercury lamp (450 W) for a long time. However, on irradiation in methanol solution under analogous conditions, 3 reacts slowly to give 4. The mechanism of this photochemical epoxidation is discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 3535-3550 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photolysis of 9-Azido-10-methyltriptycene. - Dimerization of a Severely Strained Bridgehead Imine via Distinct Cycloaddition RoutesIrradiation of a cyclohexane solution of the 9-azidotriptycene 1b affords molecular nitrogen and a mixture of products. By means of chromatography a dimer (S2-7), which is yellow in solution, and two colorless dimers (e.g. 3b and 5) of the intermediate bridgehead imine 2b are separated from this mixture. The structures of the photoproducts are elucidated by spectroscopic methods, particularly high field NMR. In addition, the structure 5 is proven by its rapid and quantitative photoisomerization to the colored dimer S2-7 the constitution 7 of which is confirmed by comparison with the anthrone anil 11 and hydrolysis to the (2-aminophenyl)anthrone 9. At room temperature rapid diastereotopomerization of the benzene rings of the 9,10-dihydroanthracene systems of S2-7 occurs via N-inversion (1H, 13C NMR). According to the proton spectrum in the absence of exchange ( - 60 °C), the colored product possesses S2 rather than C2 symmetry. The photoproducts are postulated to be derived from the initially formed azahomotriptycene 2b bearing a formal bridgehead CN double bond. This bridgehead imine first dimerizes to the isomeric 1,4-diradicals 13 and 14 which subsequently cyclize to the intermediate 15 and the [2 + 2] dimer 5, respectively. Photochemical [2 + 2]cycloelimination of 5 affords the dimer S2-7.
    Notes: Durch Bestrahlung des 9-Azidotriptycens 1b in Cyclohexan erhält man neben Stickstoff ein Gemisch, aus dem chromatographisch ein in Lösung gelbes Dimeres (S2-7) und zwei farblose Dimere (3b und 5) des intermediären Brückenkopfimins 2b isoliert werden. Die Strukturen dieser Photoprodukte werden auf spektroskopischem Weg, insbesondere mit Hilfe von Hochfeld-NMR-Spektren, aufgeklärt. Zusätzlich wird die Struktur 5 durch die rasche, quantitative Photoisomerisierung in das farbige Dimere S2-7 gesichert, dessen Konstitution 7 durch Vergleich mit dem Anthronanil 11 und Hydrolyse zum (2-Aminophenyl)anthron 9 bewiesen wird. Bei Raumtemperatur tritt rasche Diastereotopomerisierung der Benzolringe der 9,10-Dihydroanthracen-Systeme von S2-7 durch N-Inversion ein (1H-, 13C-NMR). Aufgrund des 1H-NMR-Spektrums bei Abwesenheit von raschem Austausch ( - 60°C) besitzt das farbige Produkt S2- und nicht C2-Symmetrie. Es wird angenommen, daß zunächst das Azahomotriptycen 2b mit einer formalen Brückenkopf-CN-Doppelbindung entsteht, das zu den rotationsisomeren 1,4-Diradikalen 13 und 14 dimerisiert, die zur Zwischenstufe 15 bzw. dem [2 + 2]-Dimeren 5 cyclisieren. Photochemische [2 + 2]-Cycloeliminierung von 5 ergibt das Dimere S2-7.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2823-2826 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Substituted 1,3-Dinaphthylimidazolidines from N,N′-DinaphthylethylenediaminesReactions of N,N′-di-1- and N,N′-di-i-naphthylethylenediamines (2, 3) with some aldehydes are described and the NMR spectra of the resulting imidazolidines 4-7 are discussed.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1974 (1974), S. 1727-1741 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Bridgehead Azides, I. - The Photolysis of 1-Azidoadamantane, a Simple Route to AzahomoadamantanesThe photolysis of 1-azidoadamantane (11), arising in very high yield from 1-aminoadamantane (10) and p-toluenesulfonyl azide, has been studied in aqueous solvents, lower alcohols and hydrocarbons. In hydroxylic media, except tert.-butyl alcohol, the azahomoadamantanes 12 (4-azatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecanes) are readily obtained. According to IR and 1H-NMR spectra the alleged endo-7-(aminomethyl)bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one (14) exists in the equilibrium mainly as hydroxyazahomoadamantane 12c. In alkanes, cyclohexene, and cyclohexane/furan a dimer of the bridgehead imine 16 is formed in almost quantitative yield; it could be assigned the 1,3-diazetidine structure 17 on the basis of its 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra and its hydrolysis to 12c. Attempts at trapping intermediates of the photolysis have so far met with failure. Tri-n-butyltin hydride accelerates the disappearance of the azide 11 and reduces 11 during photolysis yielding 1-aminoadamantane (10) almost quantitatively; rapid reduction likewise occurs, however, in boiling n-heptane without irradiation. Hence a photolytically or thermally induced radical chain mechanism seems probable. The simplicity of the operations and the high yields obtained throughout render photolysis of 11 the most favorable method for the synthesis of azahomoadamantanes.
    Notes: Die Photolyse von 1-Azidoadamantan (11), das in sehr guter Ausbeute aus 1-Aminoadamantan (10) und p-Toluolsulfonsäureazid entsteht, wurde in wäßrigen Lösungsmitteln, niederen Alkoholen und Kohlenwasserstoffen untersucht. In hydroxyhaltigem Solvens außer in tert.- Butylalkohol erhält man glatt die Azahomoadamantane 12 (4-Azatricyclo[4.3.1.13.8]undecane). Eine als endo-7-(Aminomethyl)bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-on (14) beschriebene Verbindung liegt laut IR- und 1H-NMR-Spektren im Gleichgewicht überwiegend als Hydroxyazahomoadamantan 12c vor. In Alkanen, Cyclohexen und Cyclohexan/Furan entsteht nahezu quantitativ ein Dimeres des Brückenkopfimins 16, für das durch 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektren sowie Hydrolyse zu 12c die 1,3-Diazetidinstruktur 17 gesichert wurde. Abfangversuche für Zwischenstufen der Photolyse blieben bisher ohne Erfolg. Tri-n-butylzinnhydrid beschleunigt das Verschwinden des Azids 11 und reduziert zwar bei Belichtung fast quantitativ zu 1-Aminoadamantan (10), ebenso rasch jedoch auch in siedendem Heptan ohne Belichtung, was einen photochemisch oder thermisch ausgelösten Radikalkettenmechanismus nahelegt. Einfache Durchführung und durchwegs sehr hohe Ausbeuten machen die Photolyse von 11 zur bevorzugten Methode für die Synthese von Azahomoadamantanen.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Bridgehead Azides, 51a). - Photolysis of 9-Azidotriptycenes. - Addition of Methanol or Water to Severely Strained Intermediate Bridgehead Imines1b)The 9-lithiotriptycenes 7 are allowed to react with (4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl azide affording the lithiotriazenes 8 which on thermolysis in boiling benzene produce the 9-azidotriptycenes 10 in high yields. Irradiation of the azidotriptycenes 10 in methanol solution induces loss of molecular nitrogen with concomittant formation of the azahomotriptycenes 12. The azahomotriptycene 12a is very sensitive towards acid and undergoes acid-catalyzed or photochemical cleavage of its azepine ring producing the 9-methoxy-10-phenylanthracene 15. In contrast, the azahomotriptycene 12b is much more stable, yielding the 10-methyl-10-phenylanthrone 14 on ring opening of its azepine ring only in hot methanol/0.5 N hydrochloric acid. The anthrone 14 is formed in high yield on irradiation of the azidotriptycene 10b in aqueous dioxane solution. The amino group of the anthrone 14 is removed via diazotation followed by reduction of the diazonium salt with hypophosphorous acid. This sequence yields the known 10-methyl-10-phenylanthrone (13). The formation of the azahomotriptycenes 12 is interpreted in terms of the severely strained bridgehead imines 11 as intermediates in the azidotriptycene photolysis which are trapped by the solvent methanol.
    Notes: Die 9-Lithiotriptycene 7 werden mit (4-Methylphenyl)sulfonylazid zu den Lithiotriazenen 8 umgesetzt, deren Thermolyse in siedendem Benzol in guten Ausbeuten die 9-Azidotriptycene 10 ergibt. Beim Belichten der Azidotriptycene 10 in Methanol entstehen unter Stickstoffabspaltung die Azahomotriptycene 12. Das sehr säureempfindliche Azahomotriptycen 12a öffnet säurekatalysiert oder photochemisch leicht den Azepinring zum 9-Methoxy-10-phenylanthracen 15. Das Azahomotriptycen 12b ist dagegen wesentlich stabiler und ergibt die analoge Azepinring-Öffnung zum 10-Methyl-10-phenylanthron 14 erst beim Erhitzen mit Methanol/0.5 N Salzsäure. Das Anthron 14 entsteht mit hoher Ausbeute beim Belichten des Azidotriptycens 10b in wäßrigem Dioxan. Die Aminogruppe des Anthrons 14 wird durch Diazotierung und anschließende Reduktion des Diazoniumsalzes mit hypophosphoriger Säure entfernt, wobei man das bekannte 10-Methyl-10-phenylanthron (13) erhält. Die Entstehung der Azahomotripytycene 12 spricht für die extrem gespannten Brückenkopfimine 11 als Zwischenstufen der Azidotriptycen-Photolyse, die durch das Solvens Methanol abgefangen werden.
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