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  • 1
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    Forests, Vol. 5, Pages 2106-2121: Belowground Competition Directs Spatial Patterns of Seedling Growth in Boreal Pine Forests in Fennoscandia (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Forests
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-03
    Description: Aboveground competition is often argued to be the main process determining patterns of natural forest regeneration. However, the theory of multiple resource limitation suggests that seedling performance also depends on belowground competition and, thus, that their relative influence is of fundamental importance. Two approaches were used to address the relative importance of above- and below-ground competition on regeneration in a nutrient-poor pine (Pinus sylvestris) boreal forest. Firstly, seedling establishment beneath trees stem-girdled 12 years ago show that a substantial proportion of the seedlings were established within two years after girdling, which corresponds to a time when nutrient uptake by tree roots was severely reduced without disrupting water transport to the tree canopy, which consequently was maintained. The establishment during these two years also corresponds to abundances high enough for normal stand replacement. Secondly, surveys of regeneration within forest gaps showed that surrounding forests depressed seedlings, so that satisfactory growth occurred only more than 5 m from forest edges and that higher solar radiation in south facing edges was not enough to mediate these effects. We conclude that disruption of belowground competitive interactions mediates regeneration and, thus, that belowground competition has a strong limiting influence on seedling establishment in these forests.
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4907
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 2
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    Holocene development of subarctic permafrost peatlands in Finnmark, northern Norway (2018)
    Sage
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: The Holocene, Volume 28, Issue 12, Page 1855-1869, December 2018. 〈br/〉
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage
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  • 3
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    Holocene development of subarctic permafrost peatlands in Finnmark, northern Norway (2018)
    Sage
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: The Holocene, Ahead of Print. 〈br/〉
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage
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  • 4
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    Signs of magnetic acceleration and multizone emission in GRB 080825C (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-18
    Description: One of the major results from the study of gamma-ray bursts with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has been the confirmation that several emission components can be present in the energy spectrum. Here, we reanalyse the spectrum of GRB 080825C using data from the Fermi -Large Area Telescope (LAT) and Gamma-ray Burst Monitor instruments. Although fairly weak, it is the first gamma-ray burst detected by the Fermi -LAT. We improve on the original analysis by using the LAT Low Energy events covering the 30–100 MeV band. We find evidence of an additional component above the main emission peak (modelled using a Band function) with a significance of 3.5 in two out of the four time bins. The component is well fitted by a Planck function, but shows unusual behaviour: the peak energy increases in the prompt emission phase, reaching energies of several MeV. This is the first time such a trend has been seen, and implies that the origin of this component is different from those previously detected. We suggest that the two spectral components likely arise in different regions of the outflow, and that strong constraints can be achieved by assuming one of them originates from the photosphere. The most promising model appears to be that the high-energy peak is the result of photospheric emission in a Poynting flux dominated outflow where the magnetization increases with time.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-29
    Description: The domestication of dogs was an important episode in the development of human civilization. The precise timing and location of this event is debated and little is known about the genetic changes that accompanied the transformation of ancient wolves into domestic dogs. Here we conduct whole-genome resequencing of dogs and wolves to identify 3.8 million genetic variants used to identify 36 genomic regions that probably represent targets for selection during dog domestication. Nineteen of these regions contain genes important in brain function, eight of which belong to nervous system development pathways and potentially underlie behavioural changes central to dog domestication. Ten genes with key roles in starch digestion and fat metabolism also show signals of selection. We identify candidate mutations in key genes and provide functional support for an increased starch digestion in dogs relative to wolves. Our results indicate that novel adaptations allowing the early ancestors of modern dogs to thrive on a diet rich in starch, relative to the carnivorous diet of wolves, constituted a crucial step in the early domestication of dogs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Axelsson, Erik -- Ratnakumar, Abhirami -- Arendt, Maja-Louise -- Maqbool, Khurram -- Webster, Matthew T -- Perloski, Michele -- Liberg, Olof -- Arnemo, Jon M -- Hedhammar, Ake -- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin -- England -- Nature. 2013 Mar 21;495(7441):360-4. doi: 10.1038/nature11837. Epub 2013 Jan 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden. Erik.Axelsson@imbim.uu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23354050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amylases/genetics ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*genetics ; Diet/*veterinary ; Dogs/*genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type II ; Mutation ; *Starch ; Wolves/genetics ; alpha-Glucosidases/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Transcriptional plasticity promotes primary and acquired resistance to BET inhibition (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-15
    Description: Following the discovery of BRD4 as a non-oncogene addiction target in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), bromodomain and extra terminal protein (BET) inhibitors are being explored as a promising therapeutic avenue in numerous cancers. While clinical trials have reported single-agent activity in advanced haematological malignancies, mechanisms determining the response to BET inhibition remain poorly understood. To identify factors involved in primary and acquired BET resistance in leukaemia, here we perform a chromatin-focused RNAi screen in a sensitive MLL-AF9;Nras(G12D)-driven AML mouse model, and investigate dynamic transcriptional profiles in sensitive and resistant mouse and human leukaemias. Our screen shows that suppression of the PRC2 complex, contrary to effects in other contexts, promotes BET inhibitor resistance in AML. PRC2 suppression does not directly affect the regulation of Brd4-dependent transcripts, but facilitates the remodelling of regulatory pathways that restore the transcription of key targets such as Myc. Similarly, while BET inhibition triggers acute MYC repression in human leukaemias regardless of their sensitivity, resistant leukaemias are uniformly characterized by their ability to rapidly restore MYC transcription. This process involves the activation and recruitment of WNT signalling components, which compensate for the loss of BRD4 and drive resistance in various cancer models. Dynamic chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing of enhancer profiles reveal that BET-resistant states are characterized by remodelled regulatory landscapes, involving the activation of a focal MYC enhancer that recruits WNT machinery in response to BET inhibition. Together, our results identify and validate WNT signalling as a driver and candidate biomarker of primary and acquired BET resistance in leukaemia, and implicate the rewiring of transcriptional programs as an important mechanism promoting resistance to BET inhibitors and, potentially, other chromatin-targeted therapies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rathert, Philipp -- Roth, Mareike -- Neumann, Tobias -- Muerdter, Felix -- Roe, Jae-Seok -- Muhar, Matthias -- Deswal, Sumit -- Cerny-Reiterer, Sabine -- Peter, Barbara -- Jude, Julian -- Hoffmann, Thomas -- Boryn, Lukasz M -- Axelsson, Elin -- Schweifer, Norbert -- Tontsch-Grunt, Ulrike -- Dow, Lukas E -- Gianni, Davide -- Pearson, Mark -- Valent, Peter -- Stark, Alexander -- Kraut, Norbert -- Vakoc, Christopher R -- Zuber, Johannes -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):543-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14898. Epub 2015 Sep 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria. ; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria. ; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria. ; Boehringer Ingelheim - Regional Center Vienna GmbH, 1121 Vienna, Austria. ; Department of Medicine, Hematology &Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26367798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Azepines/*pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromatin/genetics/metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/*drug effects/*genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/*drug effects/genetics ; Genes, myc/genetics ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/*drug effects/genetics ; Triazoles/*pharmacology ; Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Paleo-Eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: The Paleo-Eskimo Saqqaq and Independence I cultures, documented from archaeological remains in Northern Canada and Greenland, represent the earliest human expansion into the New World's northern extremes. However, their origin and genetic relationship to later cultures are unknown. We sequenced a mitochondrial genome from a Paleo-Eskimo human by using 3400-to 4500-year-old frozen hair excavated from an early Greenlandic Saqqaq settlement. The sample is distinct from modern Native Americans and Neo-Eskimos, falling within haplogroup D2a1, a group previously observed among modern Aleuts and Siberian Sireniki Yuit. This result suggests that the earliest migrants into the New World's northern extremes derived from populations in the Bering Sea area and were not directly related to Native Americans or the later Neo-Eskimos that replaced them.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Kivisild, Toomas -- Gronnow, Bjarne -- Andersen, Pernille K -- Metspalu, Ene -- Reidla, Maere -- Tamm, Erika -- Axelsson, Erik -- Gotherstrom, Anders -- Campos, Paula F -- Rasmussen, Morten -- Metspalu, Mait -- Higham, Thomas F G -- Schwenninger, Jean-Luc -- Nathan, Roger -- De Hoog, Cees-Jan -- Koch, Anders -- Moller, Lone Nukaaraq -- Andreasen, Claus -- Meldgaard, Morten -- Villems, Richard -- Bendixen, Christian -- Willerslev, Eske -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 27;320(5884):1787-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1159750. Epub 2008 May 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Ancient Genetics, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; Genetics, Population ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; Greenland ; Hair/chemistry ; Haplotypes ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Indians, North American/genetics ; Inuits/classification/*genetics/history ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-of-flight mass spectrometry with rapid field reversal: High transmission with continuous electron impact ionization
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 59 (1984), S. 231-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-1176
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-1176(84)85099-5
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved technique for hyaluronan histochemistry using microwave irradiation (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 22 (1990), S. 677-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A hyaluronan binding protein (HABP), extracted from cartilage, was biotin-labelled and used for histochemical localization of hyaluronan (HA) in tissue sections. Various tissues were fixed for a mixture of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde during microwave irradiation. The microwave oven when set at 700 W and 45°C yielded an intense and specific staining of HA. Under these conditions the relative proportion of the two aldehydes did not influence the staining intensity. Aldehyde fixation during microwave irradiation for HA histochemistry, (1) saves time, (2) eliminates the use of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and (3) improves the reproducibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047452
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  • 10
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    Ancient DNA analyses exclude humans as the driving force behind late Pleistocene musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) population dynamics (2010)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-08
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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