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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-11-05
    Description: The Caenorhabditis elegans heterochronic genes control the relative timing and sequence of many events during postembryonic development, including the terminal differentiation of the lateral hypodermis, which occurs during the final (fourth) molt. Inactivation of the heterochronic gene lin-42 causes hypodermal terminal differentiation to occur precociously, during the third molt. LIN-42 most closely resembles the Period family of proteins from Drosophila and other organisms, proteins that function in another type of biological timing mechanism: the timing of circadian rhythms. Per mRNA levels oscillate with an approximately 24-hour periodicity. lin-42 mRNA levels also oscillate, but with a faster rhythm; the oscillation occurs relative to the approximately 6-hour molting cycles of postembryonic development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeon, M -- Gardner, H F -- Miller, E A -- Deshler, J -- Rougvie, A E -- GM50227/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD007480/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1141-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10550049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*chemistry/genetics/growth & development ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Differentiation ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Genes, Helminth ; Helminth Proteins/*chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molting ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Period Circadian Proteins ; RNA, Helminth/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid ; Sequence Alignment ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-02-04
    Description: Eukaryotic secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via transport vesicles generated by the essential coat protein complex II (COPII) proteins. The outer coat complex, Sec13-Sec31, forms a scaffold that is thought to enforce curvature. By exploiting yeast bypass-of-sec-thirteen (bst) mutants, where Sec13p is dispensable, we probed the relationship between a compromised COPII coat and the cellular context in which it could still function. Genetic and biochemical analyses suggested that Sec13p was required to generate vesicles from membranes that contained asymmetrically distributed cargoes that were likely to confer opposing curvature. Thus, Sec13p may rigidify the COPII cage and increase its membrane-bending capacity; this function could be bypassed when a bst mutation renders the membrane more deformable.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3306526/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3306526/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Copic, Alenka -- Latham, Catherine F -- Horlbeck, Max A -- D'Arcangelo, Jennifer G -- Miller, Elizabeth A -- GM078186/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM085089/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078186/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078186-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085089/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085089-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 16;335(6074):1359-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1215909. Epub 2012 Feb 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22300850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; COP-Coated Vesicles/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Genes, Fungal ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-08-08
    Description: Next-generation sequencing and the application of population genomic and association approaches have made it possible to detect selection and unravel the genetic basis to variable phenotypic traits. The use of these two approaches in parallel is especially attractive in nonmodel organisms that lack a sequenced and annotated genome, but only works well when population structure is not confounded with the phenotype of interest. Herein, we use population genomics in a nonmodel fish species, rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), to better understand adaptive divergence between migratory and nonmigratory ecotypes and to further our understanding about the genetic basis of migration. Restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) tag sequencing was used to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in migrant and resident O. mykiss from two systems, one in Alaska and the other in Oregon. A total of 7920 and 6755 SNPs met filtering criteria in the Alaska and Oregon data sets, respectively. Population genetic tests determined that 1423 SNPs were candidates for selection when loci were compared between resident and migrant samples. Previous linkage mapping studies that used RAD DNA tag SNPs were available to determine the position of 1990 markers. Several significant SNPs are located in genome regions that contain quantitative trait loci for migratory-related traits, reinforcing the importance of these regions in the genetic basis of migration/residency. Annotation of genome regions linked to significant SNPs revealed genes involved in processes known to be important in migration (such as osmoregulatory function). This study adds to our growing knowledge on adaptive divergence between migratory and nonmigratory ecotypes of this species; across studies, this complex trait appears to be controlled by many loci of small effect, with some in common, but many loci not shared between populations studied.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 209 (1966), S. 619-620 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The present report describes the isolation and identification of dimethyl sulphone in the urine of rats and man given DMSO. (The results for rats were reported at the forty-ninth annual meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Atlantic City, N.J., during April 914, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-9120
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The complexity of trade networks is a major challenge to controlling wildlife trafficking and illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. These networks may not be modern inventions, but have developed over centuries, from integrated global markets that preceded modern regulatory policies. To understand these linkages, we curated 150 years of tortoiseshell transactions and derived biologically informed harvest models to estimate the trade in critically endangered hawksbill sea turtles (〈i〉Eretmochelys imbricata〈/i〉). We find that trade networks concentrated in Southeast Asia harvested 9 million turtles, over six times previous estimates. These networks spread from within the Pacific, to the Indian and Atlantic basins, and became markedly more complex after 1950. Our results further indicate that the magnitude and extent of the coastally restricted hawksbill exploitation parallel current patterns of IUU fishing. Policies to combat these interlinked illegal practices should assimilate the important role of small-scale, coastal fisheries in these increasingly complex global networks.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
    Description: Recent work on new anthracothere (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) specimens from the Jebel Qatrani Formation, early Oligocene, Fayum, Egypt, has revealed the presence of a new genus. Nabotherium new genus is described on the basis of a partial skull, several mandibular and maxillary specimens, and isolated teeth. The new genus exhibits a distinctive combination of features not seen in other Paleogene anthracotheres. The most noticeable characteristics of the new genus include the presence of large and well-developed upper and lower canines, caniniform third incisors, the presence of only a short diastema between the canine and first premolar, and broad, bunodont cheek teeth. This is in contrast to other contemporary anthracotheres, including other forms from the Fayum, which show a spatulate third incisor, a reduced canine, a much longer canine-premolar diastema, and more narrow, bunoselenodont cheek teeth. The presence of a relatively short rostrum with closely packed incisors, low-crowned and simple premolars, and low-crowned, bunodont molars indicates that members of the new genus would have been more efficient at crushing foods than slicing vegetation, and suggests a more varied herbivorous and frugivorous diet than was favored by other, more bunoselenodont Fayum anthracotheres.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3360
    Electronic ISSN: 1937-2337
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-04-06
    Description: From 23 October 2007 to 1 August 2008, we made continuous measurements of sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2sw) in three regions of the southeastern Beaufort Sea (Canada): the Amundsen Gulf, the Banks Island Shelf, and the Mackenzie Shelf. All three regions are seasonally ice covered, with mobile winter ice and an early spring opening that defines them as polynya regions. Amundsen Gulf was characterized by undersaturated pCO2sw (with respect to the atmosphere) in the late fall, followed by an under-ice increase to near saturation in winter, a return to undersaturation during the spring, and an increase to near saturation in summer. The Banks Island Shelf acted similarly, while the Mackenzie Shelf experienced high supersaturation in the fall, followed by a spring undersaturation and a complex, spatially heterogeneous summer season. None of these patterns are similar to the annual cycle described or proposed for other Arctic polynya regions. We hypothesize that the discrepancy reflects the influence of several previously unconsidered processes including fall phytoplankton blooms, upwelling, winter air-sea gas exchange, the continental shelf pump, spring nutrient limitation, summer surface warming, horizontal advection, and riverine input. In order to properly predict current and future rates of air-sea CO2 exchange in such regions, these processes must be considered on a location-by-location basis.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-03-30
    Description: This paper presents top-down constraints on the magnitude, spatial distribution, and seasonality of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions over the central United States. We analyze data from tall towers in 2004 and 2008 using a high resolution Lagrangian particle dispersion model paired with both geostatistical and Bayesian inversions. Our results indicate peak N2O emissions in June with a strong seasonal cycle. The spatial distribution of sources closely mirrors data on fertilizer application with particularly large N2O sources over the US Cornbelt. Existing inventories for N2O predict emissions that differ substantially from the inverse model results in both seasonal cycle and magnitude. We estimate a total annual N2O budget over the central US of 0.9–1.2 TgN/yr and an extrapolated budget for the entire US and Canada of 2.1–2.6 TgN/yr. By this estimate, the US and Canada account for 12–15% of the total global N2O source or 32–39% of the global anthropogenic source as reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-12-04
    Description: Despite numerous studies on the structural evolution of metamorphic core complexes, there is still little consensus on the set and sequence of processes that bring deep levels of the crust to the surface during extension. This problem is partially related to the fact that core complexes expose polydeformed rocks, the history of which has been challenging to decipher. New geochronological and structural data combined with existing data provide improved insight into the Cenozoic extensional evolution of the Albion–Raft River–Grouse Creek (ARG) metamorphic core complex. The Cenozoic extensional history of the core complex can be divided into several distinct stages based on the geochronology and structure of igneous and metamorphic rocks in the lower plate of the complex combined with the geochronology and regional geologic context of sedimentary and volcanic rocks flanking the complex. Initial volcanism and plutonism was Eocene age (42–34 Ma), related to a regional southward-younging magmatic event. The development of high-temperature (sillimanite grade) metamorphic fabrics and mineral assemblages in footwall rocks was mostly Oligocene (ca. 32–25 Ma), synchronous with the diapiric rise and intrusion of evolved plutons to mid-crustal depths (~10–15 km), formed by partial melting and remobilization of the deeper crust. There is no evidence for associated volcanism or basin development at the surface during this time span. The metamorphic and plutonic rocks of the core complex apparently remained at depth for ~10–12 m.y. until the Middle Miocene (ca. 14 Ma), when they were exhumed by Basin and Range faulting. Detrital zircon studies of continental basin sediments demonstrate that the synextensional Raft River Basin, bounded by the Albion–Raft River fault system, began to develop along the eastern side of the ARG metamorphic core complex ca. 13.5 Ma, synchronous with footwall cooling and uplift between 13.5 and 7 Ma recorded by apatite fission track ages. The evolution of sediment sources in the Raft River Basin help define three phases of Miocene tectonism. (1) Between 13.5 and 10.5 Ma, rapid slip on the Albion fault, which rooted into a ductile-brittle transition zone represented by the Raft River detachment, exhumed Paleozoic strata that, together with Miocene volcanic rocks, sourced the basin. (2) Between 10.5 and 8.2 Ma, continued slip resulted in a topographic depression filled with volcanic rocks and detritus derived from footwall metamorphic and crystalline rocks as well as prior sources. (3) After 8.2 Ma, the sedimentary basin was cut, rotated, and repeated by a set of younger north-south–striking normal faults that extended the basin in an east-west direction, structurally uplifting the basin sediments to erosion. These younger faults die out to the south and minimally displace the fault system that bounds the metamorphic core of the Raft River Mountains. The Cenozoic evolution proposed for the ARG metamorphic core complex indicates that the formation of Oligocene granite-cored gneiss domes and their high-temperature metamorphic carapace and overlying detachments, are distinctly older (ca. 10 Ma), and thus unrelated to the younger exhumation by high-angle faulting.
    Electronic ISSN: 1553-040X
    Topics: Geosciences
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