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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of methyl and phenyl oxazoline initiated with carboxylic acid chlorides (1997)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 38 (1997), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Methyl and phenyl oxazoline were polymerized using carboxylic acid chlorides as initiators. The first step of the reaction was shown to consist in a fast reaction of the carboxylic acid chloride with the oxazoline. Resulting product, which was isolated and identified, act as the proper initiator of the polymerization of the oxazoline, which proceeds via covalent or, when chloride counter ion is replaced with iodide or triflate, ionic active species. Apparent rate constants of the chain growth were determined. When methacryloyl chloride is used as initiator macromonomers are obtained, which were copolymerized with styrene. Macromolecular carboxylic acid chlorides initiate the polymerization of oxazolines, yielding graft polymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050012
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(α-t-butoxy-ω-styrylo-glycidol): a new reactive surfactant (1998)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 40 (1998), S. 461-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly(α-t-butoxy-ω-styrylo-ethoxy ethyl glycidyl ether) was synthesized via the termination of the potassium t-butoxide initiated anionic polymerization of ethoxy ethyl glycidyl ether with p-chloromethylstyrene. The macromonomer was copolymerized with styrene. Subsequent hydrolysis of the copolymers leads to polystyrene - graft - polyglycidol. Poly(α-t-butoxy-ω-styrylo-glycidol), synthesized through the hydrolysis of the macromonomer so obtained, acts as reactive emulsifier (surfmer) in the emulsion copolymerization of styrene in water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050277
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ring opening in the polymerization of propylene oxide by the initiator systems aluminium isopropoxide or aluminium isopropoxide/zinc chloride (1:1) and the microstructure of the resulting polymers (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 949-952 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: 2-Methyloxirane (propylene oxide) was polymerized by aluminium isopropoxide [Al(OiPr)3] and by the initiator system Al(OiPr)3/zinc chloride (1:1). The microstructure of the resulting polymers was investigated by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The polymer obtained with Al(OiPr)3 alone was found to contain head-to-tail and head-to-head linkages in the chain, indicating an oxirane ring opening in both α- and β-positions. The polymerization by the aluminium isopropoxide/zinc chloride initiator system led to the formation of a crystalline, highly isotactic fraction and to an amorphous, almost atactic fraction of the polymer with head-to-tail linkages only.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1979.021800410
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Star polymers and block copolymers of 2-oxazolines using chloroformates as initiators (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 437-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polyfunctional chloroformates were applied to the polymerization of 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline and 2-methyl-2-oxazoline. The use of a trifunctional initiator, viz. the chloroformate of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-butanol, led to three-arm star polymers of 2-oxazolines. Two macromolecular initiators, viz. poly(ethylene oxide) with two chloroformate end groups (α-chloroformyl-ω-chloroformyloxypoly(oxyethylene)) with number-average molar masses 350 g/mol ≤ M̄n ≤ 6000 g/mol and α-chloroformyl-ω-methoxypoly(oxyethylene) with M̄n = 350 and 750 g/mol were applied for the synthesis of poly(2-oxazoline)-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2-oxazoline) and poly(2-oxazoline)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers, respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1991.021920223
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The anionic polymerization of styrene oxide. Polymer structure and direction of ring opening (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1982), S. 587-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The direction of the oxirane ring opening in the polymerization of styrene oxide by sodium methoxide was determined on the basis of the structure of the products obtained. The oxirane ring opening was found to occur almost exclusively in β-position. This result was compared with a model reaction, i.e. the methanol addition to styrene oxide in the presence of sodium methoxide. In the model reaction the oxirane ring opening occurred to ca. 35% in α-position and to ca. 65% in β-position.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1982.021830308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic polymerization of glycidol. Polymer structure and polymerization mechanism (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196 (1995), S. 1963-1970 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Glycidol (2-epoxy-1-propanol) was polymerized under the action of Lewis acids (BF3OEt2,, SnCl4) and protonic acids (CF3COOH, CF3SO3H). Polymers with number-average molecular weights (M̄n) varying from 2500 to 6000 g/mol were obtained. The structure of obtained polymers was characterized by 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, and the amount of 1-3 units, 1-4 units and chain branches was determined. The structure of the polymers was related to the polymerization mechanism, especially to the contribution of activated monomer mechanism in chain growth.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021960616
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of cationic and covalent active centers in the polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline initiated with benzyl bromide (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199 (1998), S. 1843-1849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It was shown that in the polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline initiated with benzyl bromide in nitrobenzene the equilibrium constant of the interconversion of cationic and covalent active centers could be measured over a wide range of temperatures, thus making the thermodynamic parameters of this reaction available. The “temperature jump” method was used to measure the rate constants and the activation parameters of the reversible transformation of the ionic active centers into covalent ones. The apparent rate constant of the chain growth in this polymerization was measured, and individual rate constants of chain growth on ionic and covalent centers were approximated using systems in which one kind of active centers strongly prevails. The obtained data allowed for a complete description of the individual reactions and for an estimation of the contribution of these reactions to chain growth. Because of the higher reactivity of the ionic species and higher rate of ionization without monomer participation (thus, through intramolecular ionization), there are no conditions at which the covalent species may prevail in the chain growth. Even if there is a large excess of covalent species, propagation proceeds on the ionic ones. The effective monomer concentration is approximately 103 mol/L, indicating that at 1 mol/L of monomer the internal ionization proceeds 103 times faster than the external ionization (with monomer).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polyvinyl acetate-graft-poly-2-oxazolines (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 34 (1994), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl chloroformate) ; polyvinyl acetate-graft-poly-2-oxazolines ; synthesis ; characterization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl chloroformate) (1) was synthesized via phosgenation of poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol). It was shown that (1) is capable of initiating the polymerization of 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline and 2-methyl-2-oxazoline, when the counter ion is exchanged using potassium iodide. Polyvinyl acetate-graft-poly-2-phenyl-2-oxazoline and polyvinyl acetate-graft-poly-2-methyl-2-oxazoline are obtained in the grafting reaction.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210340206
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of propylene oxide using chiral, aluminium containing initiators (1981)
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 2 (1981), S. 663-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1981.030021104
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR study of the tacticity of poly(epichlorohydrin) via reduction to poly(propylene oxide) (1985)
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 6 (1985), S. 665-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1985.030061006
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