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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Echinoderm Immune System (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 712 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb33575.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repetitive sequence transcripts in development (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 297 (1982), S. 633-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Interspersed repetitive sequences are represented widely in animal cell nuclear RNAs, in the poly(A) RNA stored in eggs and in some mRNAs. Their expression is developmentally modulated. Although the genomic location of repetitive sequences may change rapidly during evolution, the patterns of their ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/297633a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary biology Insights from the echinoderms (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 389 (1997), S. 679-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The evolutionary diversification of animal body plans has evidently devolved from alterations in the genetic regulatory programmes that control morphogenesis. This realization is now producing a tide of comparative descriptions of transcription-factor expression patterns, recorded at early stages ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/39484
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete Sequence of SpHox8 and Its Linkage in the Single Hox Gene Cluster of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 44 (1997), S. 371 -377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words:SpHox8—Strongylocentrotus purpuratus—Hox gene cluster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. SpHox8 is the paralog group 8 Hox gene of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. This identification follows from an analysis of the sequence of the complete open reading frame of a late-gastrula-stage cDNA clone; from direct linkage to adjacent Hox genes in a fosmid contig; and from blot hybridizations carried out on pulse field gel electrophoretic separations. SpHox8 is a single-copy gene, and there is only one Hox gene cluster per genome in S. purpuratus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006156
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary divergence and length of repetitive sequences in sea urchin DNA (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 9 (1976), S. 1-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Evolution ; Repetitive DNA ; SI Nuclease ; Sequence Organization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The organization of repetitive and single copy DNA sequences in sea urchin DNA has been examined with the single strand specific nuclease Sl fromAspergillus. Conditions and levels of enzyme were established so that single strand DNA was effectively digested while reassociated divergent repetitive duplexes remained enzyme resistant. About 25% of sea urchin DNA reassociates with repetitive kinetics to form Sl resistant duplexes of two distinct size classes derived from long and short repetitive sequences in the sea urchin genome. Fragments 2,000 nucleotides long were reassociated to Cot 20 and subjected to controlled digestion with Sl nuclease. About half of the resistant duplexes (13% of the DNA) are short, with a mode size of about 300 nucleotide pairs. This class exhibits significant sequence divergence, and principally consists of repetitive sequences which were interspersed with single copy sequences. About one-third of the long duplexes (4% of the DNA) are reduced in size after extensive Sl nuclease digestion to about 300 nucleotide pairs. About two-thirds of the long resistant duplexes (8% of the DNA) remains long after extensive SI nuclease digestion. These long reassociated duplexes are precisely base paired. The short duplexes are imprecisely paired with a melting temperature about 9°C below that of precisely paired duplexes of the same length. The relationship between length of repetitive duplex and precision of repetition is confirmed by an independent method and has been observed in the DNA of a number of species over a wide phylogenetic area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01796119
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of sea urchin non-repetitive DNA (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 16 (1980), S. 95-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Evolutionary Divergence ; DNA ; Single copy ; Thermal Stability ; S1 Nuclease ; Hydroxyapatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary New methods have been applied to the determination of single copy DNA sequence differences between the sea urchin speciesStrongylocentrotus purpuratus, S. franciscanus, S. drobachiensis, andLytechinus pictus. The thermal stability of interspecies DNA duplexes was measured in a solvent (2.4 M tetraethylammonium chloride) that suppresses the effect of base composition on melting temperature. The lengths of duplexes were measured after digestion with S1 nuclease and correction made for the effect of length on thermal stability. The degree of base substitution that has occurred in the single copy DNA during sea urchin evolution is significantly larger than indicated by earlier measurements. We estimate that 19% of the nucleotides of the single copy DNA are different in the genomes of the two sea urchin congeners,S. purpuratus, andS. franciscanus, which apparently diverged only 15 to 20 million years ago.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731580
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary conservation of DNA sequences expressed in sea urchin eggs and early embryos (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 22 (1985), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: mRNA ; egg RNA ; Nuclear RNA ; Sequence divergence ; Thermal stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary DNA sequence divergence measurements indicate thatStrongylocentrotus franciscanus is more distinct fromS. purpuratus andS. drobachiensis than these two species are from each other, in agreement with paleontological and morphological evidence. The evolutionary divergence of several classes of expressed DNA sequences was compared with that of total single-copy DNA. BetweenS. franciscanus andS. purpuratus the divergence of cDNA made from gastrula cytoplasmic poly(A)+ RNA is about half that of total single-copy DNA. Similar results were obtained for cDNA made from unfertilized egg poly(A)+ RNA. In contrast, sequences expressed in gastrula nuclear RNA have diverged almost as much as total single-copy DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02101688
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of sequence divergence from the thermal stability of DNA heteroduplexes (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 34 (1992), S. 379-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: DNA/DNA hybridization ; ΔTm ; Hydroxyapatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Measurements are reported of the thermal stability of DNA heteroduplexes between clones of the eta-globin pseudogene from a variety of primates. The known sequences of this 7.1-kb region differ from each over a range from 1.6% for human versus chimp to nearly 12% for human versus spider monkey. Thermal stability was determined by standard hydroxyapatite thermal elution, and the results show a precisely linear decrease in thermal stability with divergence. The slope of the regression line is 1.18% sequence divergence per degree centigrade reduction in thermal stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162994
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insertion of a short repetitive sequence (D881) in a sea urchin gene: A typical interspersed repeat? (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 20 (1984), S. 195-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: DNA ; Mobile genetic element ; Enhancer ; Rare maternal transcript
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A comparison has been made between the Sp88 gene regions of the DNAs of the sea urchinsStrongylocentrotus purpuratus (Sp.) andStrongylocentrotus drobachiensis (Sd.). Examination of the 3′ terminal part of the transcribed region revealed a short repetitive sequence present in Sd. but absent from Sp. A 12-nucleotide sequence present once in Sp. is almost perfectly duplicated at both ends of the repeat in Sd., suggesting that a mobile repeat was inserted in the Sd. genome. Other members of this family of repeated sequences occur in many interspersed locations in the genomes of both species. Except for the insertion duplication, the inserted sequence lacks direct or reverse repeats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02104726
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid evolution in a fraction of theDrosophila nuclear genome (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 30 (1990), S. 281-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Contrasts in DNA sequence change ; Evolutionary rate ; Dipteran
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Previous observations have indicated thatDrosophila DNA contains a component that evolves so rapidly that it fails to hybridize between the DNAs of sibling species. To establish the reality of this component and study its properties, the fraction (about 20%) ofDrosophila simulans (Dsim) DNA that fails to hybridize toDrosophila melanogaster (Dmel) DNA has been isolated. The majority of the hybridizable part of this isolated fraction (based on control tests on Dsim DNA) fails to hybridize with Dmel DNA under the conditions used for the initial fractionation. Clones of this fraction do hybridize with Dmel DNA at open criterion producing duplexes with greatly reduced thermal stability, indicating that the underlying process is rapid sequence divergence rather than loss of the homologous sequences by relatively large deletions. Cloned fragments from the nonhybridizing fraction from Dsim are more than 15% divergent from the Dmel homologues, whereas the fraction that does hybridize is only 3–5% divergent. In comparison, synonymous substitutions in the coding regions of five genes show a 9% average divergence between Dsim and Dmel. They appear to be intermediate in their degree of divergence between the hybridizing and nonhybridizing components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099998
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