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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 18 (1968), S. 78-115 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Über die Turbellarien-Ordnung Acoela wurden ökologische Untersuchungen in List (Sylt), Helgoland, Wilhelmshaven und Juist von 1962 bis 1965 durchgeführt. 2. Die geographischen und geomorphologischen Verhältnisse sowie die Sedimente der Probenorte werden beschrieben, die ausgewählten Stationen kartenmäßig dargestellt. 3. Die Untersuchungsgebiete umfassen das Eulitoral und das Sublitoral. Das Spektrum der bearbeiteten Sedimente reicht von Kies- und Schillböden, Sand verschiedener Korngröße über detritusreiche und schlickhaltige Böden bis zu typischem Schlick und lehmigen Tonen. Hierzu werden die charakteristischen und dominierenden Arten der Acoela angegeben. 4. Die Sedimente im Eulitoral der ostfriesischen Inselkette und der Jade besitzen strukturell nur eine geringe Variationsbreite. Stark umgelagerte Feinsande oder hohe terrigene Beimengungen im Sediment verhindern das Aufkommen einer Interstitialfauna. Die 17 nachgewiesenen Arten gehören der Epifauna an. 5. Helgoland ist durch den Reichtum verschieden strukturierter Lebensräume charakterisiert. Mit 66 Acoelenarten stellt es im Untersuchungsraum das artenreichste Gebiet dar. 6. Sylt besitzt im Gegensatz zu Juist eine größere Zahl von Sandbiotopen. Neben den limicolen Arten der Epifauna treten eine Reihe von spezifischen Sandlückenbesiedlern auf. 7. Von den 82 nachgewiesenen Arten lebt nurSimplicomorpha gigantorhabditis in tieferen Sedimentschichten. Im übrigen konzentrieren sich die Acoela auf die obersten Zentimeter oder Millimeter des Substrates. 8. Neben den Sedimentgrenzen bildet die Niedrigwasserlinie allgemein eine markante Siedlungsbarriere. 9. Die Verschiedenartigkeit der Sedimentstruktur bedingt spezifische morphologische und habituelle Adaptationen seiner Bewohner. Bei den Interstitialformen überwiegen lange und schlanke Arten. In enger Korrelation hierzu lassen sich Veränderungen in der inneren Organisation nachweisen. Die Mehrzahl der sandlückenbewohnenden Acoela besitzen ein unpaares Ovar, dessen Keimzone durchweg von der Region der Statocyste hinter die Mundöffnung verlagert ist. Umfangreiche Vakuolen im peripheren Parenchym wirken antagonistisch gegenüber den mechanischen Verformungen durch das Sediment. Hafteinrichtungen treten in Form von Schwanzplatten, Klebdrüsen und Kaudalorganen auf. Schlickbewohnende Spezies zeichnen sich durch einen kurzgedrungenen Habitus aus. Spezielle Anpassungsmerkmale fehlen ihnen. 10. Ausschlaggebender Faktor bei der Besiedlung mesopsammaler Biotope ist die Struktur und Beschaffenheit des Sedimentes. Locker geschichtete Sande sind überaus reich, porenarme und harte gar nicht bewohnt. Mit zunehmender Korngröße verlieren sich die spezifischen Adaptationen. In kiesigen Substraten treten neben typischen Interstitialarten auch Oberflächenformen auf. 11. Für den leicht zugänglichen Prallhang vor der Litoralstation List werden genaue quantitative Untersuchungen vorgelegt. Diese weisen die AcoelenartenHaplogonaria syltensis undPseudaphanostoma psammophilum als stenotope und stenobathe Organismen mit ganzjähriger Geschlechtsreife aus.H. syltensis entwickelt unter günstigen Bedingungen eine Individuendichte bis zu 1500 Tieren pro Untersuchungseinheit (2,5 cm3). 12. Am Beispiel vonHaplogonaria syltensis undPseudaphanostoma psammopilum wird der Nachweis erbracht, daß jahresperiodische Schwankungen ihrer Populationsstärken nicht auf jahreszeitlich bedingte Vermehrungsphasen zurückzuführen sind. Ihr zahlenmäßiger Rückgang in den Sommermonaten und ihre Verdrängung aus dem optimalen Lebensraum wird durch die starke Entfaltung und Konkurrenz der Oligochaeten und Archianneliden bedingt. Die Gegenläufigkeit der jahreszeitlichen Lebenszyklen vonHaplogonaria syltensis und den Oligochaeten wird als ein gutes Beispiel einer echten Artenkonkurrenz herausgestellt.
    Notes: Abstract Ecological investigations on the turbellarian order Acoela were carried out from 1962 to 1965 in List (Sylt), Helgoland, Wilhelmshaven and Juist. The sediments in the eulittoral of the Frisian Islands (Juist) and the Jade are structurally rather similar; sediment mobility or muddy components prevent establishment of an interstitial fauna. Helgoland possesses a great variety of different biotopes; this island harbors the highest number of species in the southern North Sea. In contrast to Juist, Sylt offers predominantly sandy biotopes; in addition to the mudliving species of the epifauna, a number of typical interstitial species was recorded. Of 82 species of Turbellaria Acoela identified, only 1 lives in greater sediment depths; all others are confined to the uppermost centimeters or millimeters of the sediment. Besides the sediment boundaries, the low water line forms an important population barrier. The differences in the sediments can be related to specific morphological and habitual adaptations of their inhabitants. Acoela living in interstitial spaces possess mostly a long and slender body form, which, in turn is correlated to internal organization. Most Acoela species which exist in the spaces between sand grains have an unpaired ovary, shifted from near the statocyst to the area behind the mouth opening. Big vacuoles in the peripheral parenchym counteract mechanical deformation by the sediment. Fixation mechanisms occur in form of tail plates, adhesive glands or caudal organs. The body of mud-living Acoela is usually short and stout. Special structural adaptations are absent. The determining factors in the colonization of mesopsammal biotopes are structure and composition of the sediment. Quantitative investigations at List on Sylt reveal the Acoela speciesHaplogonaria syltensis andPseudaphanostoma psammophilum as being stenotope and stenobath.H. syltensis reaches population densities under favorable circumstances of up to 1500 individuals per 2.5 cm3. InHaplogonaria syltensis andPseudaphanostoma psammophilum annual population fluctuations are not attributable to their reproductive phases which depend upon the season; population decline during summer and displacement from optimal living spaces is due to the vigorous development of competing oligochaetes and archiannelides.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: macrozoobenthos ; long-term development ; eulittoral ; sublittoral ; North Sea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Near the East Frisian island of Norderney two sites are investigated permanently in order to study long-term fluctuations of macrozoobenthos: one transect (since 1977) at the northern side in shallow subtidal waters and another one (since 1976) at the sheltered southern side in the intertidal area of the Wadden Sea. Since 1980 the investigations have been continued in the frame of COST-47, sedimentary intertidal programme (including the shallow subtidal habitats colonized by the Macoma balthica community). The results up to 1984, respectively to 1985, are presented and the changes of abundance of the dominant species are discussed. Discussed are also the influences of water temperatures and sediment disturbances caused by wave action. There is evidence that the intertidal variety of the Macoma balthica community shows a greater stability than the subtidal variety.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1986-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1968-06-01
    Print ISSN: 1438-387X
    Electronic ISSN: 1438-3888
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-03-19
    Description: Total biomass and biomass of large taxonomic groups (polychaetes, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms) and species diversity of the macrofauna were determined for almost 200 North Sea stations sampled synoptically by seven vessels during Spring 1986 and for 120 additional stations sampled in earlier years by the Marine Laboratory in Aberdeen. There exists a clear and significant decreasing trend in biomass with latitude, both in total biomass and for the different taxonomic groups. Apart from latitude, sediment composition and chlorophyll a content of the sediment also infuence total biomass and biomass of most groups significantly. Biomass increases consistently in finer sediments and sediments with a higher chlorophyll a content. The same trends are found for the results within laboratories. Some interaction exists, indicating weak laboratory and zonal effects. Diversity, as measured by Hill's diversity index N1 = (exp H′) shows a clear and significant trend with latitude. Towards the north of the North Sea diversity increases considerably. The trend is also found for laboratories separately and is everywhere equally strong. Also longitude and depth show an effect on diversity. Sediment variables have no clear influence on diversity. Other diversity measures show the same trend but are more variable than N1,. Total density tends to increase towards the north, but sediment related variables have a larger influence. Mean individual weight becomes considerably smaller towards the northern part of the North Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: In 1986 participants of the Benthos Ecology Working Group of ICES conducted a synoptic mapping of the infauna of the southern and central North Sea. Together with a mapping of the infauna of the northern North Sea by Eleftheriou and Basford (1989) this provides the database for the description of the benthic infauna of the whole North Sea in this paper. Division of the infauna into assemblages by TWINSPAN analysis separated northern assemblages from southern assemblages along the 70 m depth contour. Assemblages were further separated by the 30, 50 m and 100 m depth contour as well as by the sediment type. In addition to widely distributed species, cold water species do not occur further south than the northern edge of the Dogger Bank, which corresponds to the 50 m depth contour. Warm water species were not found north of the 100 m depth contour. Some species occur on all types of sediment but most are restricted to a special sedimentand therefore these species are limited in their distribution. The factors structuring species distributions and assemblages seem to be temperature, the influence of different water masses, e.g. Atlantic water, the type of sediment and the food supply to the benthos. Eleftheriou, A. and Basford, D. J. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 69: 123–143.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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