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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Catania : Proprieta letteraria riservata
    Call number: G 9151
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 175 S. : Ill.
    Series Statement: Vulkan Ätna
    Language: Italian
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thin Solid Films 52 (1978), S. 97-101 
    ISSN: 0040-6090
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 57 (1996), S. 1-21 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 150 Proben von rezenten, Na-alkalischen Laven von der Südflanke des Ätna, die mit 5000 Jahren vor Christus bis 1886 datieren, analysiert. Die Laven zeigen mit der Zeit einen graduellen Übergang von sauer zu zunehmend basisch und weisen generell eine größere Variationsbreite in Richtung sauer auf als bisher angenommen. Chondrit-normalisierte REE Verteilungskurven der am geringsten differentierten Proben zeigen LREE Anreicherung und eine Verarmung der HREE. Die Spurenelement-Zusammensetzungen deuten an, daß die Ätna-Produkte Ähnlichkeit mit WPB mit einer schwachen CAB-Signatur aufweisen. Die Sr-Isotopenverhältnisse reichen von 0.70332 bis 0.70355, variieren sogar innerhalb Proben aus ein und derselben Eruption und tendieren generell zu ansteigenden Werten mit der Zeit. Unsere Daten weisen darauf hin, daß andere Prozesse als einfache Kristallfraktionierung, zumindest teilweise, für die Variation der analysierten Sequenz verantwortlich sind. In der Tat können RTF Prozesse mit sukzessiver Zufuhr von mafischen Schmelzen, jede mit leicht unterschiedlicher Geochemie und definierten Isotopenverhältnissen, in Reservoirs von unterschiedlich differentiierten Magmen, die vorliegenden Daten erklären. Die Herkunftsregion der rezenten Mongibello Laven ist im Mantel angesiedelt, der bezüglich der Isotopenzusammensetzung zoniert und, verglichen mit der Erdzusammensetzung, an Rb verarmt ist. Die Modell- und experimentellen Daten stehen in guter Übereinstimmung mit einem niedrigen Grad ( 〈 5%) der Aufschmelzung eines Granat-Lherzolites als Ausgangsmaterial, das, im Vergleich zum primitiven Mantel, durch einen früheren Aufschmelzungsvorgang verarmt ist.
    Notes: Summary One hundred and fifty samples of recent Na-alkalic lavas from the south-eastern flank of Mt. Etna, dating from about 5,000 years B.P. to 1886 were analyzed. They grade in time from more acid to more basic lavas, and show an overall range of variation much larger toward the more felsic end than previously known. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the least differentiated samples show LREE enrichment and HREE depletion; trace element compositions suggest that Etnean products are similar to WPB, with a weak CAB signature. Sr-isotope ratios ranging from 0.70332 to 0.70355, vary even within samples from the same eruption, and generally tend to increase with time in historic lavas. Our data suggest that processes other than simple crystal fractionation are, in part, responsible for the variation of the analyzed sequence. In fact, RTF processes with successive influxes of mafic melts, each having distinct, slightly different geochemical and isotopic features, into reservoirs of variously differentiated magmas, may explain the overall observed data. The source region for Recent Mongibello lavas is located in the mantle, isotopically zoned, and Rb-depleted with respect to the Bulk Earth composition. Model and experimental data conform well with a low degree (〈 5%) modal melting of a garnet Iherzolite source, depleted by an earlier melting event with respect to primitive mantle composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The 1983 hawaiite of Mount Etna was sampled and analyzed for groundmass and mineral compositions, rare-earth-element concentrations and Sr-Nd isotope ratios. Microprobe data for coexisting mineral phases and glass show crystallization temperatures of around 1100° C from a rather differentiated hawaiite magma at rather highfO2 (10−8 at 1100° C), well above the QFM buffer. The hawaiites are characterized by a marked enrichment in the light REE similar to other alkaline magmas: the (Ce)N/(Yb)N is greater than 10, a feature these hawaiites have in common with alkaline magmas erupted earlier on Mount Etna. Since the Ce/Yb ratio cannot be affected by fractionation of clinopyroxene and plagioclase, it is taken as an accurate reflection of the LREE-enriched nature of the hawaiites. From this point of view, the Etnean hawaiites are identical to within-plate alkaline magmas erupted on the Hawaiian islands. This similarity extends to the Nd-Sr isotope features. Two hawaiites have87Sr/86Sr=0.70346 and 0.70352 and143Nd/144Nd=0.51286 and 0.51284. These data indicate a source similar to oceanic-island basalts, a source depleted in Rb/Sr and Nd/Sm for some period of time. The Sr isotope data are identical to that previously reported for Mount Etna. Extraction of hawaiites from depleted source regions requires either recent enrichment events, mixing of asthenospheric and lithospheric melts, or variable degrees of melting. At present, the data do not allow a clear decision. The peculiar tectonic setting of Mount Etna, between the relatively undeformed African foreland and the active Aeolian volcanic islands, may suggest contributions to the source region from subduction and within-plate processes. Etnean lavas have a geochemical imprint of subduction-related enrichment processes, and they also share petrological and chemical features identical to oceanic-island basalts whose source region has been affected by within-palte enrichment processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Based on seismograms from the most continuously operating station of the seismic network at Mt. Etna (Monte Vetore, 1665 m a.s.l.), the energy release patterns through time have been obtained for volcanic tremors and earthquakes which occurred between 1978–1982. Both energies range between 1011∓1013 J/a, but their release patterns are not strictly correlated to each other. Considering only the eruptions which occurred during the same time span, the amount of thermal energy released and the associated potential energy needed to raise the magma to the surface from a 2-km-deep hydrostatic equilibrium level were estimated to be about 1017 and 1015 J/a, respectively. The computed energies for earthquakes and tremors are at least one order of magnitude less than what is needed to match a model of magma transport based solely on the jerky propagation of melt-filled cracks. The energy needed to raise the magma to the surface could be supplied by expanding gases in the upper levels of the magma column and/or by tectonic stresses acting on shallow batches of magma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-01-05
    Description: The early eruptive phase of the 2010 eruption at the Fimmvörðuháls Pass, east of Eyjafjallajökull volcano, produced poorly evolved basalts with mildly alkaline affinity, and benmoreitic tephra were emitted during the second explosive phase from the summit vent of the volcano. In this study, textural features and chemical zoning preserved in olivine crystals of the early erupted basalts have been used to define the timescales of differentiation processes and magma ascent before the eruption. These lavas contain a mineral assemblage constituted by olivine (Fo 70–88 ) and plagioclase (An 57–83 ) in similar proportions with scarce clinopyroxene and opaque oxides. Olivine occurs as euhedral or embayed crystals characterized by different core compositions and zoning patterns. Three main olivine populations have been found, namely crystals with: (1) wide Fo 88 cores with normal zoning toward narrow rims (P1); (2) ~Fo 81 cores with either no zoning or slight reverse zoning patterns toward the rims (P2); (3) ~Fo 77 cores with reverse zoning at the rims (P3). The olivine reverse zoning indicates that these poorly evolved magmas experienced mixing processes in addition to limited fractional crystallization at different levels of the plumbing system. Timescales of transfer dynamics before the eruption have been estimated through Fe-Mg diffusion modeling on these olivine populations. The olivine-melt equilibration through diffusion was triggered by interaction of magmas differing in their evolutionary degree. P1 and P2 crystals recorded a first event of interaction in a ~22 km deep reservoir that took place about one month before the emission of the analyzed products. Only part of P2 crystals records reverse zoning due to interaction with more basic magma bearing P1 crystals (which consequently develop normal zoning), suggesting fast timescales of magma mixing that prevented the complete homogenization. A second mixing event, which is evident in the P3 olivines, occurred at shallower levels (5–6 km of depth) ~15 days before the emplacement and can be considered the triggering mechanism leading to the eruption at the Fimmvörðuháls Pass. Integration of our timescales with seismic data relative to the hypocenter migration indicate rates of magma ascent throughout the deep plumbing system of ~0.01 m/s. This study provides evidence that magmas emitted at Eyjafjallajökull volcano, and more in general at similar other volcanic systems in ocean ridge settings, can undergo complex processes during their storage and transport in the crust, chiefly due to the presence of a multilevel plumbing system.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
  • 8
    Publication Date: 1978-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0040-6090
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2731
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1980-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0377-0273
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6097
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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