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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L-Serine Production from Glycine and Methanol Using Free and Entrapped Cells of Pseudomonas AM 1 (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 501 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb45736.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of heparinase synthesis in Flavobacterium heparinum (1982)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 15 (1982), S. 252-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of various carbon, nitrogen and sulfur sources on the production of heparinase by Flavobacterium heparinum in defined medium in the presence and absence of heparin as the inducer has been studied. Carbon catabolite repression has been observed in defined medium containing one of several carbon sources including simple sugars, alcohols and organic acids. Fed batch fermentations result in 10 g/l of cells and heparinase titers as high as 100,000 U/l by avoiding carbon catabolite repression. Growth on heparin as a sole carbon source resulted in both a high growth rate of 0.12 h−1 and a high specific activity of 18 U/mg. Specific heparinase activity was markedly reduced when the end products of heparin catabolism were used as carbon, nitrogen or sulfur sources in defined medium. In defined medium with a low sulfate concentration, of less than 10−3 M, specific activities as high as 8 U/mg have been observed even in the absence of the normally required inducer, heparin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499966
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penicillin amidase and penicillinase production in nitrogen- and sulfur-limited chemostats (1975)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2 (1975), S. 9-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The production of penicillin amidase fromBacillus megaterium ATCC 14945 was examined in a sulfur-limited chemostat. Below 50% of the maximum growth rate, enzyme production was independent of dilution rate; above this point production decreased as growth rate increased. A simple and defined medium forBacillus licheniformis 749/C was developed, and extracellular penicillinase production was studied in a chemostat under sulfur- and nitrogenlimited conditions. While the yield of this enzyme differed little between these growth-limiting conditions, the specific activity of the penicillinase per unit weight of extracellular protein was increased 50% under nitrogenlimited conditions. Furthermore, the proportion of extracellular enzyme was greater in continuous, than in batch culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01385441
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct monitoring of the liquid and gas phases during a fermentation in a computer-mass-spectrometer-fermentor system (1983)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 18 (1983), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Measurement of chemical concentrations is a weak link in the monitoring of fermentations. The use of a computer-controlled mass spectrometer (MS) has made possible the measurement of one or more volatile compounds on an essentially continuous basis, both in the liquid (broth) and the gas (headspace) phases. For our purposes, the MS was used, not as a spectrometer for chemical identification, but as a programmable detector for measuring concentrations of different compounds. Specifically, a computer-controlled MS was employed during the fermentation of Saccharomyces italicus, to monitor N2, O2, and CO2 concentration in the gas phase, and N2, O2, CO2, and ethanol in the liquid phase. The performance of the MS was carefully analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498034
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of dynamic calorimetry for monitoring growth ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1978)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 5 (1978), S. 207-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A dynamic calorimetric technique was investigated to determine the feasibility of monitoring cell growth by thermal measurements. Theoretical analysis of growth ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae on glucose showed that the correlation depends on cellular yield values but not on ethanol formation. Experiments withS. cerevisiae on a molasses-mineral salts medium resulted in a thermal yield of 4.4 kcal/g cells, consistent with our theoretical expectations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00579341
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of heat evolution and correlation with oxygen consumption during microbial growthThis paper was presented in part at the 154th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, III., Sept. 11, 1967. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 269-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A procedure for measuring the rate of heat production from a fermentation has been developed. The method is based on measuring the rate of temperature rise of the fermentation broth resulting from metabolism, when the temperature controller is turned off. The heat accumulation measured in this manner is then corrected for heat losses and gains. A sensitive thermistor is used to follow the temperature rise with time. This procedure is shown to be as accurate as previous methods but much simpler in execution. Using this technique, the rate of heat production during metabolism was found to correlate with the rate of oxygen consumption. Experiments were performed using bacteria (E. coli and B. subtilis), a yeast (C. intermedia), and a mold (A. niger). The substrates investigated included glucose, molasses, and soy bean meal. The proportionality constant for the correlation is independent of the growth rate, slightly dependent on the substrate, and possibly dependent On the type of organism growth. This correlation has considerable potential for predicting heat evolution from the metabolism of microorganisms on simple or complex substrates and providing quantitative parameters necessary for heat removal calculations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110302
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penicillin amidase production by bacillus megateriumThis paper was presented at the 162nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C., 1971. (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 493-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Penicillin amidase, an enzyme which hydrolyzes benzylpenicillin to 6-aminopenicillanic acid and phenylacetic acid, is produced by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14945 as an extracellular enzyme. We used this system as a model to examine the effects of nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous limitation on enzyme production in continuous culture. For these studies, we developed a minimal medium for B. megaterium which contained histidine as the sole nitrogen source. Batch experiments showed that this enzyme is produced as a growth-associated metabolite. Enzyme production was shown to be a function of the growth-limiting conditions and the concentration of the inducer, phenylacetic acid. Sulfur limitation in continuous culture yielded enzyme activities approximately three to five times those observed in nitrogen- and phosphorous-limited chemostats. These results are discussed in terms of the environment's influence on enzyme production in continuous culture.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260150306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical conversion yields for penicillin synthesis (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 1449-1462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The efficiency of conversion of the carbon-energy source to product is of primary importance in many fermentation processes. In order to assess the efficiency of a process, one must know how close the actual conversion yield is to the theoretical maximum. Theoretical conversion yields are useful, therefore, as guides in improving a process. This knowledge is particularly important today because the cost of raw materials is rapidly rising. In this study, the biochemical pathway of penicillin synthesis was used to estimate the theoretical yield of penicillin from glucose, ammonia, and sulfate. These values are compared with experimental data from the literature. An analysis of the role of glucose in the synthesis of cell mass and penicillin and in the maintenance of cells makes it possible to assess the efficiency of carbon-source utilization and to direct further advances in penicillin fermentations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260191004
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of immobilized methanol oxidase (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 333-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methanol oxidase produced by the yeast Hansenula polymorpha DL-1 was used for the enzymatic oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde. The kinetics of enzyme and protein release during cell desruption were studied at the laboratory scale with a Braun homogenizer and the pilot plant scale with a Manton-Gaulin homogenizer. Conditions were defined for maximum release and retention of high activity in cell-free extracts. Methanol oxidase was immobilized by adsorption on DEAE-cellulose from enzymes in cell-free extracts or from ammonium sulfate purified purified fractions. The kinetics of formaldehyde formation with both soluble and immobilized enzyme was studied in batch and continuous reactors.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomethanation: Anaerobic fermentation of CO2, H2 and CO to methanePublication No. 3366 from the Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139 (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 1153-1172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies to examine the microbial fermentation of coal gasification products (CO2, H2 and CO) to methane have been done with a mixed culture of anaerobic bacteria selected from an anaerobic sewage digestor. The specific rate of methane production at 37°C reached 25 mmol/g cell hr. The stoichiometry for methane production was 4 mmol H2/mol CO2. Cell recycle was used to increase the cell concentration from 2.5 to 8.3 g/liter; the volumetric rate of methane production ran from 1.3 to 4 liter/liter hr. The biogasification was also examined at elevated pressure (450 psi) and temperature to facilitate interfacing with a coal gasifier. At 60°C, the specific rate of methane production reached 50 mmol/g cell hr. Carbon monoxide utilization by the mixed culture of anaerobes and by a Rhodopseudomonas species was examined. Both cultures are able to carry out the shift conversion of CO and water to CO2 and hydrogen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200804
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