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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN THE TERRESTRIAL DISPOSITION OF SILVER FROM CLOUD SEEDING (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 8 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: . Silver iodide is currently the most favored cloud seeding material in weather modification projects. While the literature indicates that its ecological effects are likely to be insignificant, its disposition in the terrestrial ecosystem after snow melt has not been adequately studied. Silver levels in soil, plant and litter material are being monitored twice a year on a mountainous area in southwestern Colorado, to determine whether annual accretion from cloud seeding can be measured with current techniques and whether significant changes in silver concentration take place in grass, aspen, and spruce communities. One AgI generator site is also being monitored.Comparison of silver concentrations in terrestrial components of the target area indicates no measurable increase after the first winter's seeding. On an ash basis, spruce foliage and litter contain about four times as much silver as soil. On a dry weight basis, soil from all three plant communities contains about six times as much silver as foliage. Consistent increases in silver concentration were found in soil and pine foliage within 200 meters of one generator site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1972.tb05213.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of industrial yeast strains for fermentation of spent sulphite pulping liquor fortified with wood hydrolysate (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 18 (1997), S. 18-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: spent sulphite liquor; ethanol fermentation; cellulose hydrolysis; S. cerevisiae; S. uvarum; S. diastaticus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ethanol production from spent sulphite pulping liquor (SSL) was compared for four different yeasts. A second strain of S. cerevisiae as well as a 2-deoxyglucose-resistant strain formed through protoplast fusions between S. uvarum and S. diastaticus produced up to 27% more ethanol from SSL fortified with hydrolysis sugars than was produced by S. cerevisiae. The incremental improvement in ethanol yield appeared to vary with the degree of fortification, ranging from 5.8% for unfortified SSL, to 27% for the highest level of fortification tested. Decreasing fermentation rates were observed for SSL fortified with glucose, mannose and galactose, respectively. Sugar uptake rates in SSL fortified with glucose, galactose and mannose were 6.8, 2.8 and 2.0 g L−1 h−1, respectively. However, when these sugars were fermented along with a glucose cosubstrate, the rate at which the combined glucose/mannose medium was fermented was nearly identical to that of the glucose control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900338
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  • 3
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    ACCURACY OF FIELD SAMPLING FOR SOIL TESTS (1971)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1971-06-01
    Description: Three widely separated Alberta fields were sampled intensively in a grid pattern, to estimate the effect of number and depth of cores and of field size on the accuracy of composite samples used in soil test analyses. Estimates were obtained by both statistical and computer simulation techniques and both gave similar results. Accuracy of composites increased with the number of cores, but even with as many as 30 cores per field there was still considerable inaccuracy in values for N and P. In the most variable field, a composite of 20 cores for the 0- to 15-cm depth predicted the true field mean within ± 10% for N, P and K only 47, 56, and 82 times out of 100, respectively. Corresponding values for the least variable field were 77, 70, and 98. Conductivity and pH were more accurately estimated with the same number of cores. Samples taken at the 15- to 30-cm and 30- to 61-cm depths showed greater coefficients of variability in N and P than did samples from the 0- to 15-cm depth. However, samples composed of the 0- to 30-cm and 0- to 61-cm depths were similar to the 0- to 15-cm depth in variability. The number of cores needed for a given level of accuracy increased very little with size of field, up to a maximum of 40 hectares used in this study. Degree of variation changed considerably from field to field, but even more from one position to another within the same field.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 4
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    COMPUTER MAPPING OF ALBERTA SOIL TEST DATA (1970)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970-02-01
    Description: A circular mapping function based on the principle of a weighted moving average was applied in a computer program to the available Alberta soil test data, and nutrient levels of soils in the province were plotted and contoured. The finished maps displayed clearly marked trends. Variation in nitrate-nitrogen levels for samples from fallow and cropped land was readily seen, but correlation with soil zone was not well marked. Available phosphorus levels were relatively higher on the Solonetzic soils in central Alberta. Exchangeable potassium levels appeared to be closely related to the soil zones of Alberta. The mapped pH values presented the least variable picture. The electronic computer was essential for the mapping of data as reported in this study, and future applications of the computer to other soil data appear to be unlimited.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 5
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    NITROGEN AND CHLORIDE DISTRIBUTION AND BALANCE IN A CLAY LOAM SOIL (1978)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-01
    Description: In field experiments conducted on a poorly drained clay loam soil from 1974 to 1976, inclusive, 21–44% of added chloride was lost from the 0- to 75-cm layer by the end of September, whereas NO3−-N increased in this layer in both the control and fertilized plots. Mineralization during the summer masked any N losses by leaching or denitrification. N losses were highest between late fall and early spring. NO3−-N and chloride tended to show similar distribution patterns in the profile but not necessarily similar leaching losses, since simultaneous denitrification occurred in an adjacent experimental site. Chloride distribution in the profile and leaching losses did not appear to coincide with expectations of typical transport theory, since losses were associated with diffuse bulges near the surface instead of distinct peaks or slugs of chloride moving steadily downward.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 6
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    EFFECTS OF FERTILIZER N AND SOIL MOISTURE ON GROWTH, N CONTENT, AND MOISTURE USE BY SPRING WHEAT (1977)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977-08-01
    Description: The accumulation of dry matter and N in wheat (T. aestivum L. cv. Manitou) grown on stubble land in lysimeters at two moisture levels and seven rates of N was measured and related to moisture use at five stages of development. In the irrigated lysimeters, leaf areas, plant dry matter and N content increased with fertilizer N. In the dry lysimeters, low rainfall between the shot blade and anthesis stages produced moisture stress; consequently, dry matter production and leaf area were depressed and plants lost significant amounts of N at rates of N 〉 61.5 kg/ha. Rain in the latter part of the growing season permitted the plants to recover and by maturity plant dry matter and N content increased with N. Approximately twice as much plant dry matter was produced in the wet treatment as in the dry for all levels of N. Total evapotranspiration (ET) increased with applied N in the wet treatment, and was much higher than in the dry treatment. It was not affected by applied N in the dry lysimeters. Root weight increased exponentially up to the shot blade stage. Between anthesis and maturity, it decreased in the top 75 cm in the dry and top 30 cm in the irrigated soil profile, while in the deeper segments it remained constant. Root weight increased curvilinearly with increasing N under irrigation. On dryland, rates of N 〉 41 kg/ha depressed root growth at the shot blade stage and at anthesis. Average root yields under wet conditions were 220, 1,920 and 1,425 kg/ha at 3-leaf, anthesis, and maturity, respectively; under dry conditions they were 220, 1,535 and 875 kg/ha. The root weight constituted 76% of the total plant weight at the 3-leaf stage and 15.6% at maturity. The average root N content at maturity made up 9.4–11.5% of the mean plant N. Root density decreased curvilinearly with depth. At the 3-leaf stage about 62 and 23% of the root system was located in the top 15- and the 15- to 30-cm segments of the profile, respectively; at maturity these proportions were 46 and 15%. N did not influence root distribution but irrigation increased root growth in the top 15 cm of the profile by about 5%. Rate of moisture use was directly proportional to rate of root growth.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 7
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    CHANGES IN THE AMOUNT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN THE SOIL BETWEEN FALL AND SPRING SAMPLING (1979)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-01
    Description: Soils were sampled to 120-cm depths in the fall and again in the spring to determine the NO3N, NH4N and NaHCO3 extractable P content. The change in nutrient content of the soil between fall and spring was measured and related to the fall sampling values and to climatic conditions between samplings. The samples were taken for each 10 yr at several sites on different soil types. The average of all sites showed little change in the P content of the soil from fall to spring. There was some increase in NO3-N, particularly in the 0- to 60-cm depth but there was a larger decrease in NH4-N, resulting in a net decrease of N (NO3-N + NH4-N) or total available mineral nitrogen from fall to spring. The amount of change in NO3-N, NH4-N and the combination of these two (N) was inversely related to the amount of that form of nitrogen present in the soil in the fall. Weather also affected the amount of change. Consideration of the amount of nitrogen present in the fall and the weather from fall to spring will improve the accuracy of predicting the amount that will be present at seeding time.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS IN SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMS IN THREE YEARS OF FIELD EXPERIMENTS USING TRACER AND NON-TRACER METHODS ON AN AMMONIUM-FIXING SOIL (1978)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-01
    Description: Three years of field experiments showed the interplay of plant uptake of N, N movement, denitrification, fixation of fertilizer NH4+ and its release, and N mineralization in soil–plant systems. The N uptake by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), averaged over the growing season, ranged between 0.97 and 2.02 kg N/ha/day and the rate depended on initial extractable inorganic N in the soil, and form and timing of N fertilization. The net mineralization rate of this soil, averaged over the growing season, ranged between 0.16 and 1.80 kg N/ha/day and varied with year and N fertilization practices. However, detailed monitoring of plant uptake showed that a maximum rate of uptake occurred early in its growth, decreasing to a negligible rate later in the season. The N mineralization rate was more uniform over the growing season. A pool of inorganic N in the soil at seeding or within the first half of the growing season overcame the seasonal deficit in N supply and resulted in increased crop growth and/or N uptake. Fertilizer N movement was small and never beyond the maximum (75-cm) sampling depth. This supported the assumption that unrecovered fertilizer N in this study was largely due to denitrification. Denitrification was shown to be greatly influenced by the season, with a maximum rate occurring in the spring or early summer, and concurred with the period of maximum rate of plant uptake of N. Denitrifiers were capable of competing with high rates of plant uptake since the rate of denitrification was similar in fallow and cropped systems. The form of N application (NO3−, NH4+, NH4+ plus N-serve) did not significantly affect the denitrification rate. The soil used in this study fixed 34–60% of the 150 kg NH4+/ha fertilizer immediately upon application. The fixed fertilizer N was available to barley, with 71–96% of the recently fixed NH4+ being released over the growth period. The presence of N-serve resulted in less fixed fertilizer NH4+ being released during crop growth.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS IN AN INCUBATED SOIL AS AFFECTED BY COMBINATIONS OF MOISTURE CONTENT AND TEMPERATURE AND ADSORPTION-FIXATION OF AMMONIUM (1976)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976-05-01
    Description: An incubation experiment was conducted on a clay loam soil using a factorial design to study the effects of temperature, water content, and applied NH4+-N on the change of NO3−-N and NH4+-N concentrations over time. Each of the factors and their interactions were highly significant, indicating the importance of the often neglected moisture–temperature interaction. Due to this interaction, optimum moisture contents for the activity of the nitrifying population appeared to be dependent upon temperature. Approximately one half of the added NH4+ was fixed within 2 days after (NH4)2SO4 was added to the soil. A concurrent study showed that soluble NH4+, exchangeable NH4+ and clay-fixed NH4+ existed in equilibrium upon adding NH4+. A Langmuir kinetic model might describe the relationship between exchangeable and fixed NH4+ whereas a nonlinear Freundlich equilibrium model yielded the best agreement between the soluble and exchangeable NH4+.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    Prediction of Field Soil Water Content (1979)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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