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  • 1
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    3D print of polymer bonded rare-earth magnets, and 3D magnetic field scanning with an end-user 3D printer (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-18
    Description: 3D print is a recently developed technique, for single-unit production, and for structures that have been impossible to build previously. The current work presents a method to 3D print polymer bonded isotropic hard magnets with a low-cost, end-user 3D printer. Commercially available isotropic NdFeB powder inside a PA11 matrix is characterized, and prepared for the printing process. An example of a printed magnet with a complex shape that was designed to generate a specific stray field is presented, and compared with finite element simulation solving the macroscopic Maxwell equations. For magnetic characterization, and comparing 3D printed structures with injection molded parts, hysteresis measurements are performed. To measure the stray field outside the magnet, the printer is upgraded to a 3D magnetic flux density measurement system. To skip an elaborate adjusting of the sensor, a simulation is used to calibrate the angles, sensitivity, and the offset of the sensor. With this setup, a measurement resolution of 0.05 mm along the z-axes is achievable. The effectiveness of our calibration method is shown. With our setup, we are able to print polymer bonded magnetic systems with the freedom of having a specific complex shape with locally tailored magnetic properties. The 3D scanning setup is easy to mount, and with our calibration method we are able to get accurate measuring results of the stray field.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    Automated detection of protein unfolding events in atomic force microscopy force curves (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-30
    Description: Atomic force microscopy is not only a high-resolution imaging device but also a mechanical machine, which can be used either to indent or stretch (soft) biomaterials. Due to the statistical nature of such materials (i.e., hydrogels or polymers) hundreds of force-distance curves are required to describe their mechanical properties. In this manuscript, we present an automated system for polymer unfolding detection based on continuous wavelet analysis. We have tested the automated program on elastin, which is an important protein that provides elasticity to tissues and organs. Our results show that elastin changes its mechanical behavior in the presence of electrolytes. In particular, we show that NaCl has a different effect on the contour length than CaCl 2 for similar unfolding forces. In addition, we provide the program in the supporting information for the researches facing such kind of problem.
    Print ISSN: 1059-910X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0029
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    PDGF enhances IRES-mediated translation of Laminin B1 by cytoplasmic accumulation of La during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-24
    Description: The extracellular matrix protein Laminin B1 (LamB1) regulates tumor cell migration and invasion. Carcinoma cells acquire invasive properties by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a fundamental step in dissemination of metastatic cells from the primary tumor. Recently, we showed that enhanced translation of LamB1 upon EMT of malignant hepatocytes is mediated by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). We demonstrated that the IRES transacting factor La binds the minimal IRES motif and positively modulates IRES activity of LamB1. Here, we show that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) enhances IRES activity of LamB1 by the increasing cytoplasmic localization of La during EMT. Accordingly, cells expressing dominant negative PDGF receptor display reduced cytoplasmic accumulation of La and show no elevation of IRES activity or endogenous LamB1 levels after stimulation with PDGF. Furthermore, La-mediated regulation of LamB1 IRES activity predominantly depends on MAPK/ERK signaling downstream of PDGF. Notably, LamB1 expression is not significantly downregulated by the impairment of the translation initiation factor eIF4E. In vivo , knockdown of La associated with decreased LamB1 expression and reduced tumor growth. Together, these data suggest that PDGF is required for the cytoplasmic accumulation of La that triggers IRES-dependent translation of LamB1 during EMT.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    A new bubble dynamics model to study bubble growth, deformation and coalescence (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-28
    Description: [1]  The behavior of exsolved bubbles of gas governs the style and intensity of volcanic eruptions. In this study, we propose a new bubble dynamics model to study the evolution of a suspension of bubbles over a wide range of vesicularity and that accounts for hydrodynamical interactions (deformation, coalescence) between bubbles while they grow, deform under shear flow conditions and exchange mass by diffusion coarsening. The model is based on a lattice Boltzmann method for free surface flows. As such,it assumes an infinite viscosity contrast between the exsolved volatiles and the melt. Our model allows for coalescence when two bubbles approach each other because of growth or deformation. The parameter (disjoining pressure) that controls the coalescence efficiency, i.e. drainage time for the fluid film between the bubbles, can be set arbitrarily in our calculations. We calibrated this parameter by matching the measured time for the drainage of the melt film across a range of Bond numbers (ratio of buoyancy to surface tension stresses) with laboratory experiments of a bubble rising to a free surface. The model is then used successfully to model Ostwald ripening, where bubble of different size exchange mass by interbubble water diffusion. Lastly, the model is used to model bubble deformation under simple shear flow conditions. The results we obtain for the deformation of a single bubble are in excellent agreement with previous experimental and theoretical studies. For a suspension we observe that the collective effect of bubbles is different depending on the relative magnitude of viscous and interfacial stresses (capillary number). At low capillary number, when surface tension prevents bubble from deforming, we find that bubbles deform more readily in a suspension than for the case of a single bubble, whereas the opposite is observed at high capillary number.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Designer amphiphilic proteins as building blocks for the intracellular formation of organelle-like compartments (2014)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Nature Materials 14, 125 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4118 Authors: Matthias C. Huber, Andreas Schreiber, Philipp von Olshausen, Balázs R. Varga, Oliver Kretz, Barbara Joch, Sabine Barnert, Rolf Schubert, Stefan Eimer, Péter Kele & Stefan M. Schiller
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    Molecular protein adaptor with genetically encoded interaction sites guiding the hierarchical assembly of plasmonically active nanoparticle architectures (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-29
    Description: Article Controlling the assembly of nano-objects with precision is important in the synthesis of materials with enhanced properties. Here, the authors present a protein adaptor-based nano-object assembly (PABNOA), allowing the assembly of nanoparticles with defined interparticle distances. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms7705 Authors: Andreas Schreiber, Matthias C. Huber, Helmut Cölfen, Stefan M. Schiller
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Channelization of buoyant non-wetting fluids in saturated porous media (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-04
    Description: We study the development of capillary instabilities during the invasion of a buoyant non-wetting phase in a saturated porous media. Capillary instabilities are generally attributed to heterogeneities in the porous medium resulting in the existence of fluid pathways opposing different resistance to the flow “passive control"). We use a simple macro-scale theoretical model based on the postulate that the non-wetting fluid will be distributed in the porous medium to minimize the resistance to transport. This theoretical argument is used to show that after their formation, some capillary instabilities can grow at the expense of others. The competitive growth between capillary channels arises because of pore-scale fluid interactions that occur even in a porous medium offering identical pathways at the pore-scale. The evolution of the pore volume fraction of non-wetting fluid in capillary fingers is therefore dynamically controlled by fluctuations in the non-wetting phase saturation and its effect on the relative permeability ("active control"). The theoretical model predicts (1) the growth of heterogeneities in non-wetting fluid saturation among competing capillary channels if the second derivative of the invading phase relative permeability with respect to its saturation is positive, and, (2) that the amplitude of the perturbation in non-wetting fluid content between competing fingers increases with the interfacial tension. We use a pore-scale multiphase flow numerical model to test the validity of the postulate for optimal transport of non-wetting fluids and the two ensuing predictions. We observe that the numerical calculations are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Activated acetic acid by carbon fixation on (Fe,Ni)S under primordial conditions (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-11
    Description: In experiments modeling the reactions of the reductive acetyl-coenzyme A pathway at hydrothermal temperatures, it was found that an aqueous slurry of coprecipitated NiS and FeS converted CO and CH3SH into the activated thioester CH3-CO-SCH3, which hydrolyzed to acetic acid. In the presence of aniline, acetanilide was formed. When NiS-FeS was modified with catalytic amounts of selenium, acetic acid and CH3SH were formed from CO and H2S alone. The reaction can be considered as the primordial initiation reaction for a chemoautotrophic origin of life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huber, C -- Wachtershauser, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 11;276(5310):245-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universitat Munchen, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9092471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetic Acid/*chemistry ; Carbon Monoxide/*chemistry ; Catalysis ; Cobalt/chemistry ; *Evolution, Chemical ; Ferrous Compounds/*chemistry ; Hydrogen Sulfide/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Nickel/*chemistry ; *Origin of Life ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/chemistry ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Peptides by activation of amino acids with CO on (Ni,Fe)S surfaces: implications for the origin of life (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-31
    Description: In experiments modeling volcanic or hydrothermal settings amino acids were converted into their peptides by use of coprecipitated (Ni,Fe)S and CO in conjunction with H2S (or CH3SH) as a catalyst and condensation agent at 100 degreesC and pH 7 to 10 under anaerobic, aqueous conditions. These results demonstrate that amino acids can be activated under geochemically relevant conditions. They support a thermophilic origin of life and an early appearance of peptides in the evolution of a primordial metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huber, C -- Wachtershauser, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 31;281(5377):670-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universitat Munchen, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9685253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetic Acid/chemical synthesis ; Amino Acids/chemistry ; Aminoacylation ; Anaerobiosis ; Carbon Monoxide/*chemistry ; Catalysis ; Dipeptides/chemical synthesis ; Ferrous Compounds/*chemistry ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrogen Sulfide/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Nickel/*chemistry ; *Origin of Life ; *Peptide Biosynthesis ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/chemistry ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Austria: investigation likely to have serious consequences (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonn, Guenther -- Druml, Christiane -- Fischer, Gabriele -- Huber, Christoph -- Laske, Stephan -- Smolle-Juettner, Freyja -- Soyer, Richard -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 9;455(7214):729. doi: 10.1038/455729c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18843338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Austria ; Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Scientific Misconduct/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Universities/*legislation & jurisprudence/organization & administration ; *Urology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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