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1

Digitale Medien

Facing targets sputtered Fe-N gradient films (1995)

Jiang, E. Y. ; Sun, D. C. ; Lin, C. ; [weitere]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 2596-2600

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik

Notizen: Fe-N gradient films were prepared with a facing targets sputtering system. During deposition, the nitrogen pressure increased linearly up to a value, which is called the "ultimate pressure.'' Composition profiles, microstructure, magnetic properties, and corrosion resistance of the films were investigated by various methods. The experimental results indicate that the Fe-N films possess some composition and structural gradients. The Fe concentration decreases from the substrate to the film surface from 100 to 66 at. %. The phases α‘-Fe16N2, γ'-Fe4N, ε-FexN(2〈x≤3) and ζ-Fe2N are present in the gradient films at different depths. Ms under the ultimate nitrogen pressure of 0.05 Pa has a value of 1803 emu/cc which is higher than that of bulk iron, this is attributed to the presence of Fe16N2. Increasing further the ultimate nitrogen pressure, Ms decreases monotonically. The corrosion resistance of the gradient film with higher nitrogen concentration near the surface is good enough for magnetic recording heads. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360119

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2

Digitale Medien

Temperature dependence of microstructure and magnetic properties of Co/Ti multilayer thin films (1997)

Wu, Ping ; Jiang, E. Y. ; Wang, C. D. ; [weitere]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 7301-7305

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik

Notizen: The microstructural and magnetic properties of amorphous Co/Ti multilayer films and their variation with temperature are investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and thermomagnetic measurements. Thermomagnetic curves showed two peaks at about 400 and 520 °C. The evolution of the structure monitored in the hot stage of the TEM was found to be consistent with the magnetic changes. The first peak of the saturation magnetization Ms at 400 °C was associated with the transformation from amorphous ferromagnetism to paramagnetism due to the amorphous Co existing in the film. Ms began to increase corresponding to the crystallization point of the ferromagnetic Co phase, which decreased with increasing amounts of Co in the film. Ms reached its maximum at 520 °C and then decreased because the phase transition occurred at a temperature greater than 520 °C and approached completion at 650 °C. The amorphous phase and crystalline phase formation and phase transition during annealing were observed in Co/Ti multilayer thin films and successfully explained the thermomagnetic properties of the film. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365328

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3

Digitale Medien

Thermal evolution of carbon in annealed Co/C soft x-ray multilayers (1996)

Bai, H. L. ; Jiang, E. Y. ; Wang, C. D. ; [weitere]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 1428-1436

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik

Notizen: The structures of the carbon sublayers in the annealed Co/C soft x-ray multilayers fabricated using a dual-facing-target sputtering system have been characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The results suggest that the structural variations in the carbon layers can be roughly divided into three stages, i.e. ordering, crystalline and grain growth stages. In the ordering stage with annealing temperatures below 400 °C, the upward shift of D and G lines in Raman spectra indicates that the amorphous carbon layers are changing from ones with bond-angle disorder and fourfold-bonding only to ones containing threefold-bonding. In the crystalline stage, the amorphous carbon layers in the as-deposited multilayers crystallize to graphite crystallites in the annealing temperature range of 500–600 °C. The rapid increase in the intensity ratio of D line to G line and dramatic decrease in linewidth further confirm this substantial structural change. In the grain growth stage, the specimens are annealed at temperatures higher than 700 °C. The decrease in the intensity ratio implies a growth in the graphite crystallite dimensions, which is consistent with the XRD and TEM results. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363010

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4

Digitale Medien

Aging effect of Co/C soft x-ray multilayer mirrors (1997)

Jiang, E. Y. ; Bai, H. L. ; Tian, R. Y. ; [weitere]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 184-189

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik

Notizen: The effect of aging on Co/C multilayer x-ray mirrors is presented. One significant result is the enhancement of the reflectivity at grazing incidence with time for the Co/C multilayers with C-on-top stored in air or argon and Co-on-top stored in argon. This can be interpreted in terms of a Co–C phase-separation at Co–C interfaces due to the positive enthalpy of Co–C mixing. Results also show that oxidation of the surface of Co-on-top Co/C multilayers plays an important role in the decrease of reflectivity. The oxidation can be prevented by storing the multilayers in an oxygen-free atmosphere or by depositing amorphous carbon as the top layer. The reflectivity of tarnished multilayers can be restored by removing the oxides by wet chemical methods. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363839

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5

Digitale Medien

Period expansion of Co/C and CoN/CN soft x-ray multilayers after annealing (1997)

Bai, H. L. ; Jiang, E. Y. ; Wang, C. D. ; [weitere]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 2270-2276

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik

Notizen: Period expansion of Co/C and CoN/CN soft x-ray multilayers has been investigated by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Below the anneal temperature of 400 °C, the period expansion (〈 12%) of Co/C multilayers is mainly caused by the graphitization of the amorphous carbon layers. By 500 °C, the crystallization and agglomeration of Co layers induce an enormous period expansion (∼40%). The period expansion of CoN/CN multilayers is only 4% at 400 °C, which is much smaller than that of Co/C multilayers. The interface patterns of the CoN/CN multilayers still exist even if they were annealed at 700 °C. The Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the formation of the sp3 bonding can be suppressed effectively by doping N atoms, and thus the period expansion is decreased considerably at annealing temperatures below 600 °C. The significant suppression of grain growth above 600 °C is believed to be attributed to the coexistence of hcp and fcc Co structures induced by interstitial N atoms, which cause the high-temperature period expansion decrease. The results also imply that the structural stability of Co/C soft x-ray multilayers can be significantly improved through doping N atoms.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366033

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6

Digitale Medien

Structural stability of heat-treated Co/C soft X-ray multilayers fabricated by dual-facing-target sputtering (1996)

Bai, H. L. ; Jiang, E. Y. ; Wang, C. D.

Springer

Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 57-65

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ISSN: 1432-0630

Schlagwort(e): PACS: 68.65.+g; 68.60.Dv; 68.55.Jk

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik

Notizen: Abstract. Thermal stability of Co/C multilayers prepared by a dual-facing-target sputtering system was studied. A picture of the thermally induced changes in the microstructure was obtained using complementary measurement techniques including low-angle and high-angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the period expansion, reflectivity change and compound formation, that were observed after annealing are caused by structural changes both in the sublayers and at the interfaces. Below 400 °C, the period expansion is mainly caused by the graphitization of the amorphous carbon layers, and a significant increase in the reflectivity at grazing incidence was observed. By 500 °C, the crystallization and agglomeration of Co layers induce an enormous period expansion and a serious decrease in reflectivity. A small amount of carbide is found to form at this temperature. Our results imply that new multilayer structures, e.g., compound multilayers will have to be developed for use at high temperatures or under high X-ray incident flux.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050352

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7

Digitale Medien

Structural stability of heat-treated Co/C soft X-ray multilayers fabricated by dual-facing-target sputtering (1996)

Bai, H. L. ; Jiang, E. Y. ; Wang, C. D.

Springer

Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 57-65

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ISSN: 1432-0630

Schlagwort(e): 68.65. + g ; 68.60.Dv ; 68.55.Jk

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik

Notizen: Abstract Thermal stability of Co/C multilayers prepared by a dual-facing-target sputtering system was studied. A picture of the thermally induced changes in the microstructure was obtained using complementary measurement techniques including low-angle and high-angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the period expansion, reflectivity change and compound formation, that were observed after annealing are caused by structural changes both in the sublayers and at the interfaces. Below 400°C, the period expansion is mainly caused by the graphitization of the amorphous carbon layers, and a significant increase in the reflectivity at grazing incidence was observed. By 500°C, the crystallization and agglomeration of Co layers induce an enormous period expansion and a serious decrease in reflectivity. A small amount of carbide is found to form at this temperature. Our results imply that new multilayer structures, e.g., compound multilayers will have to be developed for use at high temperatures or under high X-ray incident flux.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01579746

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