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  • 1
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    A guanosine-centric mechanism for RNA chaperone function (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-09
    Description: RNA chaperones are ubiquitous, heterogeneous proteins essential for RNA structural biogenesis and function. We investigated the mechanism of chaperone-mediated RNA folding by following the time-resolved dimerization of the packaging domain of a retroviral RNA at nucleotide resolution. In the absence of the nucleocapsid (NC) chaperone, dimerization proceeded through multiple, slow-folding intermediates. In the presence of NC, dimerization occurred rapidly through a single structural intermediate. The RNA binding domain of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 protein, a structurally unrelated chaperone, also accelerated dimerization. Both chaperones interacted primarily with guanosine residues. Replacing guanosine with more weakly pairing inosine yielded an RNA that folded rapidly without a facilitating chaperone. These results show that RNA chaperones can simplify RNA folding landscapes by weakening intramolecular interactions involving guanosine and explain many RNA chaperone activities.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338410/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338410/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grohman, Jacob K -- Gorelick, Robert J -- Lickwar, Colin R -- Lieb, Jason D -- Bower, Brian D -- Znosko, Brent M -- Weeks, Kevin M -- GM031819/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM064803/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM072518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- R01 GM031819/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064803/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007092/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):190-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1230715. Epub 2013 Mar 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23470731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Dimerization ; Guanosine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B/chemistry/metabolism ; Inosine/chemistry/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Chaperones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Viral/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Constraints on long-lived remnants of neutron star binary mergers from late-time radio observations of short duration gamma-ray bursts (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: The coalescence of a binary neutron star (NS) system (an ‘NS merger’ or NSM) may in some cases produce a massive NS remnant that is long lived and, potentially, indefinitely stable to gravitational collapse. Such a remnant has been proposed as an explanation for the late-X-ray emission observed following some short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and as possible electromagnetic counterparts to the gravitational wave chirp. A stable NS merger remnant necessarily possesses a large rotational energy 10 52 erg, the majority of which is ultimately deposited into the surrounding circumburst medium (CBM) at mildly relativistic velocities. We present Very Large Array radio observations of seven short GRBs, some of which possessed temporally extended X-ray emission, on time-scales of ~1–3 yr following the initial burst. No radio sources were detected, with typical upper limits ~0.3 mJy at  = 1.4 GHz. A basic model for the synchrotron emission from the blast wave is used to constrain the presence of a long-lived NSM remnant in each system. Depending on the GRB, our non-detections translate into upper limits on the CBM density n 3 x 10 – 2 -3 cm –3 required for consistency with the remnant hypothesis. Our upper limits rule out a long-lived remnant in GRB 050724 and 060505, but cannot rule out such a remnant in other systems due to their lower inferred CMB densities based on afterglow modelling or the lack of such constraints.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Gamma ray measurements with photoconductive detectors using a dense plasma focusa) (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-09
    Description: Photons in the MeV range emitted from the dense plasma focus (DPF) at the NSTec North Las Vegas Facility have been measured with both neutron-damaged GaAs and natural diamond photoconductive detectors (PCDs). The DPF creates or “pinches” plasmas of various gases (e.g., H 2 , D 2 , Ne, Ar., etc.) that have enough energy to create MeV photons from either bremsstrahlung and/or (n,n ′ ) reactions if D 2 gas is used. The high bandwidth of the PCDs enabled the first ever measurement of the fast micro-pinches present in DPF plasmas. Comparisons between a slower more conventional scintillator/photomultiplier tube based nuclear physics detectors were made to validate the response of the PCDs to fast intense MeV photon signals. Significant discrepancies in the diamond PCD responses were evident.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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