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  • 1
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    Spectral properties of Ca-sulfates: Gypsum, bassanite, and anhydrite (2014)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-02
    Description: This study of the spectral properties of Ca-sulfates was initiated to support remote detection of these minerals on Mars. Gypsum, bassanite, and anhydrite are the currently known forms of Ca-sulfates. They are typically found in sedimentary evaporites on Earth, but can also form via reaction of acidic fluids associated with volcanic activity. Reflectance, emission, transmittance, and Raman spectra are discussed here for various sample forms. Gypsum and bassanite spectra exhibit characteristic and distinct triplet bands near 1.4–1.5 μm, a strong band near 1.93–1.94 μm, and multiple features near 2.1–2.3 μm attributed to H 2 O. Anhydrite, bassanite, and gypsum all have SO 4 combination and overtone features from 4.2–5 μm that are present in reflectance spectra. The mid-IR region spectra exhibit strong SO 4 3 and 4 vibrational bands near 1150–1200 and 600–680 cm –1 (~8.5 and 16 μm), respectively. Additional weaker features are observed near 1005–1015 cm –1 (~10 μm) for 1 and near 470–510 cm –1 (~20 μm) for 2 . The mid-IR H 2 O bending vibration occurs near 1623–1630 cm –1 (~6.2 μm). The visible/near-infrared region spectra are brighter for the finer-grained samples. In reflectance and emission spectra of the mid-IR region the 4 bands begin to invert for the finer-grained samples, and the 1 vibration occurs as a band instead of a peak and has the strongest intensity for the finer-grained samples. The 2 vibration is a sharp band for anhydrite and a broad peak for gypsum. The band center of the 1 vibration follows a trend of decreasing frequency (increasing wavelength) with increasing hydration of the sample in the transmittance, Raman, and reflectance spectra. Anhydrite forms at elevated temperatures compared to gypsum, and at lower temperature, salt concentration, and pH than bassanite. The relative humidity controls whether bassanite or gypsum is stable. Thus, distinguishing among gypsum, bassanite, and anhydrite via remote sensing can provide constraints on the geochemical environment.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 2
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    Candida's arranged marriage (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-05
    Description: Biologists who study the fungus Candida albicans have always assumed that this organism reproduces asexually because they have not found evidence of mating, meiosis, or a haploid stage of the life cycle. However, as Gow et al. explain in a Perspective, sequencing of the C. albicans genome has revealed the existence of a possible mating type locus. This finding has now been extended to demonstrate actual mating in the fungus (Hull et al., Magee and Magee).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gow, N A -- Brown, A J -- Odds, F C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 14;289(5477):256-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK. n.gow@abdn.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10917850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Candida albicans/genetics/*physiology ; Chromosomes, Fungal ; Genes, Fungal ; Ploidies ; Recombination, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Measurements of the velocity distribution for granular flow in a Couette cell (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-06
    Description: Author(s): H. T. Fabich, T. I. Brox, D. Clarke, J. D. Seymour, S. L. Codd, P. Galvosas, J. Brown, A. J. Sederman, and D. J. Holland In this paper, magnetic resonance velocimetry is used to measure the spatially resolved velocity and velocity fluctuations for granular flow in a Couette cell for four different particle sizes. The largest particles studied ( d p = 1.7 mm ) showed significant slip at the inner wall. The remaining particle... [Phys. Rev. E 98, 062901] Published Wed Dec 05, 2018
    Keywords: Granular Materials
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida genomes (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-26
    Description: Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infection worldwide. Here we report the genome sequences of six Candida species and compare these and related pathogens and non-pathogens. There are significant expansions of cell wall, secreted and transporter gene families in pathogenic species, suggesting adaptations associated with virulence. Large genomic tracts are homozygous in three diploid species, possibly resulting from recent recombination events. Surprisingly, key components of the mating and meiosis pathways are missing from several species. These include major differences at the mating-type loci (MTL); Lodderomyces elongisporus lacks MTL, and components of the a1/2 cell identity determinant were lost in other species, raising questions about how mating and cell types are controlled. Analysis of the CUG leucine-to-serine genetic-code change reveals that 99% of ancestral CUG codons were erased and new ones arose elsewhere. Lastly, we revise the Candida albicans gene catalogue, identifying many new genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2834264/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2834264/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butler, Geraldine -- Rasmussen, Matthew D -- Lin, Michael F -- Santos, Manuel A S -- Sakthikumar, Sharadha -- Munro, Carol A -- Rheinbay, Esther -- Grabherr, Manfred -- Forche, Anja -- Reedy, Jennifer L -- Agrafioti, Ino -- Arnaud, Martha B -- Bates, Steven -- Brown, Alistair J P -- Brunke, Sascha -- Costanzo, Maria C -- Fitzpatrick, David A -- de Groot, Piet W J -- Harris, David -- Hoyer, Lois L -- Hube, Bernhard -- Klis, Frans M -- Kodira, Chinnappa -- Lennard, Nicola -- Logue, Mary E -- Martin, Ronny -- Neiman, Aaron M -- Nikolaou, Elissavet -- Quail, Michael A -- Quinn, Janet -- Santos, Maria C -- Schmitzberger, Florian F -- Sherlock, Gavin -- Shah, Prachi -- Silverstein, Kevin A T -- Skrzypek, Marek S -- Soll, David -- Staggs, Rodney -- Stansfield, Ian -- Stumpf, Michael P H -- Sudbery, Peter E -- Srikantha, Thyagarajan -- Zeng, Qiandong -- Berman, Judith -- Berriman, Matthew -- Heitman, Joseph -- Gow, Neil A R -- Lorenz, Michael C -- Birren, Bruce W -- Kellis, Manolis -- Cuomo, Christina A -- BB/F00513X/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F013566/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0400284/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HHSN266200400001C/AO/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI075096/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE015873/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067-06/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 4;459(7247):657-62. doi: 10.1038/nature08064.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. geraldine.butler@ucd.ie〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19465905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Candida/classification/genetics/*pathogenicity/*physiology ; Codon/genetics ; Conserved Sequence ; Diploidy ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Fungal/genetics ; Genome, Fungal/*genetics ; Meiosis/genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproduction/*genetics ; Saccharomyces/classification/genetics ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Separation membranes. Interfacial microfluidic processing of metal-organic framework hollow fiber membranes (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-06
    Description: Molecular sieving metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes have great potential for energy-efficient chemical separations, but a major hurdle is the lack of a scalable and inexpensive membrane fabrication mechanism. We describe a route for processing MOF membranes in polymeric hollow fibers, combining a two-solvent interfacial approach for positional control over membrane formation (at inner and outer surfaces, or in the bulk, of the fibers), a microfluidic approach to replenishment or recycling of reactants, and an in situ module for membrane fabrication and permeation. We fabricated continuous molecular sieving ZIF-8 membranes in single and multiple poly(amide-imide) hollow fibers, with H2/C3H8 and C3H6/C3H8 separation factors as high as 370 and 12, respectively. We also demonstrate positional control of the ZIF-8 films and characterize the contributions of membrane defects and lumen bypass.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Andrew J -- Brunelli, Nicholas A -- Eum, Kiwon -- Rashidi, Fereshteh -- Johnson, J R -- Koros, William J -- Jones, Christopher W -- Nair, Sankar -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 4;345(6192):72-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1251181.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. ; School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. ; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. sankar.nair@chbe.gatech.edu christopher.jones@chbe.gatech.edu. ; School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. sankar.nair@chbe.gatech.edu christopher.jones@chbe.gatech.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Orbital identification of carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-20
    Description: Geochemical models for Mars predict carbonate formation during aqueous alteration. Carbonate-bearing rocks had not previously been detected on Mars' surface, but Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapping reveals a regional rock layer with near-infrared spectral characteristics that are consistent with the presence of magnesium carbonate in the Nili Fossae region. The carbonate is closely associated with both phyllosilicate-bearing and olivine-rich rock units and probably formed during the Noachian or early Hesperian era from the alteration of olivine by either hydrothermal fluids or near-surface water. The presence of carbonate as well as accompanying clays suggests that waters were neutral to alkaline at the time of its formation and that acidic weathering, proposed to be characteristic of Hesperian Mars, did not destroy these carbonates and thus did not dominate all aqueous environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehlmann, Bethany L -- Mustard, John F -- Murchie, Scott L -- Poulet, Francois -- Bishop, Janice L -- Brown, Adrian J -- Calvin, Wendy M -- Clark, Roger N -- Marais, David J Des -- Milliken, Ralph E -- Roach, Leah H -- Roush, Ted L -- Swayze, Gregg A -- Wray, James J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1828-32. doi: 10.1126/science.1164759.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI02912, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Iron Compounds ; *Magnesium ; Magnesium Compounds ; *Mars ; Silicates ; Spacecraft ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Extra-helical binding site of a glucagon receptor antagonist (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-26
    Description: Glucagon is a 29-amino-acid peptide released from the alpha-cells of the islet of Langerhans, which has a key role in glucose homeostasis. Glucagon action is transduced by the class B G-protein-coupled glucagon receptor (GCGR), which is located on liver, kidney, intestinal smooth muscle, brain, adipose tissue, heart and pancreas cells, and this receptor has been considered an important drug target in the treatment of diabetes. Administration of recently identified small-molecule GCGR antagonists in patients with type 2 diabetes results in a substantial reduction of fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations. Although an X-ray structure of the transmembrane domain of the GCGR has previously been solved, the ligand (NNC0640) was not resolved. Here we report the 2.5 A structure of human GCGR in complex with the antagonist MK-0893 (ref. 4), which is found to bind to an allosteric site outside the seven transmembrane (7TM) helical bundle in a position between TM6 and TM7 extending into the lipid bilayer. Mutagenesis of key residues identified in the X-ray structure confirms their role in the binding of MK-0893 to the receptor. The unexpected position of the binding site for MK-0893, which is structurally similar to other GCGR antagonists, suggests that glucagon activation of the receptor is prevented by restriction of the outward helical movement of TM6 required for G-protein coupling. Structural knowledge of class B receptors is limited, with only one other ligand-binding site defined--for the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRF1R)--which was located deep within the 7TM bundle. We describe a completely novel allosteric binding site for class B receptors, providing an opportunity for structure-based drug design for this receptor class and furthering our understanding of the mechanisms of activation of these receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jazayeri, Ali -- Dore, Andrew S -- Lamb, Daniel -- Krishnamurthy, Harini -- Southall, Stacey M -- Baig, Asma H -- Bortolato, Andrea -- Koglin, Markus -- Robertson, Nathan J -- Errey, James C -- Andrews, Stephen P -- Teobald, Iryna -- Brown, Alastair J H -- Cooke, Robert M -- Weir, Malcolm -- Marshall, Fiona H -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 25;533(7602):274-7. doi: 10.1038/nature17414.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27111510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    DHCR24 associates strongly with the Endoplasmic Reticulum beyond predicted membrane domains: implications for the activities of this multi-functional enzyme (2014)
    Portland Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-07
    Description: Cholesterol synthesis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where most of the cholesterogenic machinery resides. As membrane-bound proteins, their topology is difficult to determine, and thus their structures are largely unknown. To help resolve this, we focused on the final enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, DHCR24. Prediction programs and previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding which regions of DHCR24 are associated with the membrane, although there was general agreement that this was limited to only the N‑terminal portion. Here, we present biochemical evidence that in fact the majority of the enzyme is associated with the ER membrane. This has important consequences for the many functions attributed to DHCR24. In particular, those that suggest DHCR24 alters its localization within the cell should be reassessed in light of this new information. Moreover, we propose that the expanding database of posttranslational modifications will be a valuable resource for mapping the topology of membrane-associated proteins like DHCR24, that is, flagging cytosolic residues accessible to modifying enzymes like kinases and ubiquitin ligases.
    Print ISSN: 0144-8463
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4935
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Portland Press
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  • 9
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    Whistling While They Work (2021)
    ANU Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: This guide sets out results from four years of research into how public sector organisations can better fulfil their missions, maintain their integrity and value their employees by adopting a current best-practice approach to the management of whistleblowing. This guide focuses on: the processes needed for public employees and employees of public contractors to be able to report concerns about wrongdoing in public agencies and programs; and managerial responsibilities for the support, protection and management of those who make disclosures about wrongdoing, as part of an integrated management approach. The guide is designed to assist with the special systems needed for managing ‘public interest’ whistleblowing-where the suspected or alleged wrongdoing affects more than the personal or private interests of the person making the disclosure. As the guide explains, however, an integrated approach requires having good systems for managing all types of reported wrongdoing-including personal, employment and workplace grievances-not least because these might often be interrelated with ‘public interest’ matters.
    Keywords: public administration ; disclosure of information ; whistle blowing ; Case study ; Confidentiality ; Line management ; Natural justice ; Policy ; Practical Action ; Risk assessment ; Risk management ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    The diversity and distribution of modern planktic foraminiferal small subunit ribosomal RNA genotypes and their potential as tracers of present and past ocean circulations (1999)
    In:  EPIC3Paleoceanography, 14(1), pp. 3-12
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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