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  • 1
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    The fossil record of insect color illuminated by maturation experiments (2013)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-22
    Description: Structural coloration underpins communication strategies in many extant insects but its evolution is poorly understood. This stems, in part, from limited data on how color alters during fossilization. We resolve this by using elevated pressures and temperatures to simulate the effects of burial on structurally colored cuticles of modern beetles. Our experiments show that the color generated by multilayer reflectors changes due to alteration of the refractive index and periodicity of the cuticle layers. Three-dimensional photonic crystals are equally resistant to degradation and thus their absence in fossil insects is not a function of limited preservation potential but implies that these color-producing nanostructures evolved recently. Structural colors alter directly to black above a threshold temperature in experiments, identifying burial temperature as the primary control on their preservation in fossils. Color-producing nanostructures can, however, survive in experimentally treated and fossil cuticles that now are black. An extensive cryptic record is thus available in fossil insects to illuminate the evolution of structural color.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 2
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    Origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in gorillas (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-25
    Description: Plasmodium falciparum is the most prevalent and lethal of the malaria parasites infecting humans, yet the origin and evolutionary history of this important pathogen remain controversial. Here we develop a single-genome amplification strategy to identify and characterize Plasmodium spp. DNA sequences in faecal samples from wild-living apes. Among nearly 3,000 specimens collected from field sites throughout central Africa, we found Plasmodium infection in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), but not in eastern gorillas (Gorilla beringei) or bonobos (Pan paniscus). Ape plasmodial infections were highly prevalent, widely distributed and almost always made up of mixed parasite species. Analysis of more than 1,100 mitochondrial, apicoplast and nuclear gene sequences from chimpanzees and gorillas revealed that 99% grouped within one of six host-specific lineages representing distinct Plasmodium species within the subgenus Laverania. One of these from western gorillas comprised parasites that were nearly identical to P. falciparum. In phylogenetic analyses of full-length mitochondrial sequences, human P. falciparum formed a monophyletic lineage within the gorilla parasite radiation. These findings indicate that P. falciparum is of gorilla origin and not of chimpanzee, bonobo or ancient human origin.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2997044/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2997044/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Weimin -- Li, Yingying -- Learn, Gerald H -- Rudicell, Rebecca S -- Robertson, Joel D -- Keele, Brandon F -- Ndjango, Jean-Bosco N -- Sanz, Crickette M -- Morgan, David B -- Locatelli, Sabrina -- Gonder, Mary K -- Kranzusch, Philip J -- Walsh, Peter D -- Delaporte, Eric -- Mpoudi-Ngole, Eitel -- Georgiev, Alexander V -- Muller, Martin N -- Shaw, George M -- Peeters, Martine -- Sharp, Paul M -- Rayner, Julian C -- Hahn, Beatrice H -- P30 AI 7767/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767-21A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058715/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058715-06A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058715-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI50529/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 I58715/PHS HHS/ -- R03 AI074778/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R03 AI074778-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI050529/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI050529-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI050529-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007245/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007245-26/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008111/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008111-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI 067854/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067854/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067854-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 23;467(7314):420-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09442.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20864995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa/epidemiology ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/classification/parasitology ; Ape Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology/transmission ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Feces/parasitology ; Genes, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genome, Protozoan/genetics ; Gorilla gorilla/classification/*parasitology ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology/*parasitology/transmission/*veterinary ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan paniscus/parasitology ; Pan troglodytes/parasitology ; Phylogeny ; Plasmodium/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Prevalence ; Zoonoses/parasitology/transmission
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    The electronic Space Weather upper atmosphere (eSWua) project at INGV: advancements and state of the art (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The eSWua project is based on measurements performed by all the instruments installed by the upper atmosphere physics group of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy and on all the related studies. The aim is the realization of a hardware-software system to standardize historical and real-time observations for different instruments. An interactive Web site, supported by a well organized database, can be a powerful tool for the scientific and technological community in the field of telecommunications and space weather. The most common and useful database type for our purposes is the relational one, in which data are organized in tables for petabytes data archiving and the complete flexibility in data retrieving. The project started in June 2005 and will last till August 2007. In the first phase the major effort has been focused on the design of hardware and database architecture. The first two databases related to the DPS4 digisonde and GISTM measurements are complete concerning populating, tests and output procedures. Details on the structure and Web tools concerning these two databases are presented, as well as the general description of the project and technical features.
    Description: In press
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Description: 5.3. Banche dati di geomagnetismo, aeronomia, clima e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ionosphere (Mid-latitude ionosphere; Polar ionosphere; Instruments and techniques) ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 4
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    The electronic Space Weather upper atmosphere (eSWua) project at INGV: advancements and state of the art (2008)
    EGU - Copernicus GmbH
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The eSWua project is based on measurements performed by all the instruments installed by the upper atmosphere physics group of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy and on all the related studies. The aim is the realization of a hardware-software system to standardize historical and real-time observations for different instruments. An interactive Web site, supported by a well organized database, can be a powerful tool for the scientific and technological community in the field of telecommunications and space weather. The most common and useful database type for our purposes is the relational one, in which data are organized in tables for petabytes data archiving and the complete flexibility in data retrieving. The project started in June 2005 and will last till August 2007. In the first phase the major effort has been focused on the design of hardware and database architecture. The first two databases related to the DPS4 digisonde and GISTM measurements are complete concerning populating, tests and output procedures. Details on the structure and Web tools concerning these two databases are presented, as well as the general description of the project and technical features.
    Description: Published
    Description: 345-351
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Description: 5.3. Banche dati di geomagnetismo, aeronomia, clima e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Ionosphere (Mid-latitude ionosphere; Polar ionosphere; Instruments and techniques) ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Evidence from Cameroon reveals differences in the genetic structure and histories of chimpanzee populations (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-28
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Thermal Stability of Corrugated Epitaxial Graphene Grown on Re(0001) (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-26
    Description: Author(s): E. Miniussi, M. Pozzo, A. Baraldi, E. Vesselli, R. R. Zhan, G. Comelli, T. O. Menteş, M. A. Niño, A. Locatelli, S. Lizzit, and D. Alfè We report on a novel approach to determine the relationship between the corrugation and the thermal stability of epitaxial graphene grown on a strongly interacting substrate. According to our density functional theory calculations, the C single layer grown on Re(0001) is strongly corrugated, with a ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 216101] Published Wed May 25, 2011
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Understanding of Phase Noise Squeezing Under Fractional Synchronization of a Nonlinear Spin Transfer Vortex Oscillator (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-30
    Description: Author(s): R. Lebrun, A. Jenkins, A. Dussaux, N. Locatelli, S. Tsunegi, E. Grimaldi, H. Kubota, P. Bortolotti, K. Yakushiji, J. Grollier, A. Fukushima, S. Yuasa, and V. Cros We investigate experimentally the synchronization of vortex based spin transfer nano-oscillators to an external rf current whose frequency is at multiple integers, as well as at an integer fraction, of the oscillator frequency. Through a theoretical study of the locking mechanism, we highlight the c… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 017201] Published Mon Jun 29, 2015
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 8
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    Effect of oxygen adsorption on the local properties of epitaxial graphene on SiC (0001) (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-24
    Description: Author(s): C. Mathieu, B. Lalmi, T. O. Menteş, E. Pallecchi, A. Locatelli, S. Latil, R. Belkhou, and A. Ouerghi The effect of oxygen adsorption on the local structure and electronic properties of monolayer graphene grown on SiC (0001) has been studied by means of low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM), microprobe low-energy electron diffraction (μLEED), and microprobe angle resolved photoemission (μARPES). We ... [Phys. Rev. B 86, 035435] Published Mon Jul 23, 2012
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 9
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    Evidence from Cameroon reveals differences in the genetic structure and histories of chimpanzee populations [Anthropology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-23
    Description: The history of the genus Pan is a topic of enduring interest. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are often divided into subspecies, but the population structure and genetic history of chimpanzees across Africa remain unclear. Some population genetics studies have led to speculation that, until recently, this species constituted a single population with ongoing gene flow across its range, which resulted in a continuous gradient of allele frequencies. Chimpanzees, designated here as P. t. ellioti, occupy the Gulf of Guinea region that spans southern Nigeria and western Cameroon at the center of the distribution of this species. Remarkably, few studies have included individuals from this region, hindering the examination of chimpanzee population structure across Africa. Here, we analyzed microsatellite genotypes of 94 chimpanzees, including 32 designated as P. t. ellioti. We find that chimpanzees fall into three major populations: (i) Upper Guinea in western Africa (P. t. verus); (ii) the Gulf of Guinea region (P. t. ellioti); and (iii) equatorial Africa (P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii). Importantly, the Gulf of Guinea population is significantly different genetically from the others, sharing a last common ancestor with the populations in Upper Guinea ~0.46 million years ago (mya) and equatorial Africa ~0.32 mya. Equatorial chimpanzees are subdivided into up to three populations occupying southern Cameroon, central Africa, and eastern Africa, which may have constituted a single population until ~0.10–0.11 mya. Finally, occasional hybridization may be occurring between the Gulf of Guinea and southern Cameroon populations.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    US CH4 Emissions from Oil and Gas Production: Have Recent Large Increases Been Detected? (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-09
    Description: Recent studies have proposed significant increases in CH 4 emissions possibly from oil and gas (O&G) production, especially for the US where O&G production has reached historically high levels over the past decade [ US EIA , 2016; Turner et al. , 2016; Hausmann et al. , 2015; Franco et al. , 2016]. In this study, we show that an ensemble of time-dependent atmospheric inversions constrained by calibrated atmospheric observations of surface CH 4 mole fraction, with some including space-based retrievals of column average CH 4 mole fractions, suggests that North American CH 4 emissions have been flat over years spanning 2000 through 2012. Estimates of emission trends using zonal gradients of column average CH 4 calculated relative to an upstream background are not easy to make due to atmospheric variability, relative insensitivity of column average CH 4 to surface emissions at regional scales, and fast zonal synoptic transport. In addition, any trends in continental enhancements of column average CH 4 are sensitive to how the upstream background is chosen, and model simulations imply that short-term (4 years or less) trends in column average CH 4 horizontal gradients of up to 1.5 ppb/yr can occur just from inter-annual transport variability acting on a strong latitudinal CH 4 gradient. Finally, trends in spatial gradients calculated from space-based column average CH 4 can be significantly biased (〉2-3 ppb/yr) due to the non-uniform and seasonally varying temporal coverage of satellite retrievals.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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