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  • 1
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    Displacement of the south flank of Kilauea Volcano: The result of forceful intrusion of magma into the rift zones (1976)
    U. S. Geol. Surv.
    In:  Profess. Paper 936, San Antonio, U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 339-350, no. GL-TR-89-0194, pp. 1-39, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Volcanology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    A kuroko-type polymetallic sulfide deposit in a submarine silicic caldera (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-12
    Description: Manned submersible studies have delineated a large and actively growing Kuroko-type volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit 400 kilometers south of Tokyo in Myojin Knoll submarine caldera. The sulfide body is located on the caldera floor at a depth of 1210 to 1360 meters, has an area of 400 by 400 by 30 meters, and is notably rich in gold and silver. The discovery of a large Kuroko-type polymetallic sulfide deposit in this arc-front caldera raises the possibility that the numerous unexplored submarine silicic calderas elsewhere might have similar deposits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iizasa -- Fiske -- Ishizuka -- Yuasa -- Hashimoto -- Ishibashi -- Naka -- Horii -- Fujiwara -- Imai -- Koyama -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):975-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geological Survey of Japan 1-3, Higashi-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan. Smithsonian Institution MRC-119, Washington, DC 20560-0119, USA. Japan Marine Science & Technology Center 2-15, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. University of Tokyo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9974388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Fallout of pyroclastic debris from submarine volcanic eruptions (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-07-19
    Description: Volcanic fallout deposits on land, being widespread and accessible for study, have received much attention and have revealed a great deal about subaerial eruption mechanisms. In contrast, virtually nothing is known about equivalent deposits produced by submarine volcanoes, despite the probable abundance of such material in today's oceans and in accreted volcanic arc terrains. Many submarine deposits may form by the fallout of debris to the sea floor downcurrent from the umbrella region of submarine eruption columns. Experiments on water-saturated pumice and pieces of rock (lithics) show that particles settling to the sea floor at terminal velocities of 10 to 50 centimeters per second will display conspicuous bimodality of particle diameters: pieces of pumice may be five to ten times as large as codeposited lithic fragments. Similar material, erupted into the air and deposited on land, displays less well-developed bimodality; pumice diameters are generally two to three times as large as associated lithics. Submarine fallout deposits are therefore distinctive and may be used to indicate a subaqueous origin for some of the great thicknesses of nonfossiliferous volcanic debris contained in ancient volcanic terrains worldwide whose environment of deposition has been uncertain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cashman, K V -- Fiske, R S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 19;253(5017):275-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17794693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Deep magma body beneath the summit and rift zones of kilauea volcano, hawaii (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-03-16
    Description: A magnitude 7.2 earthquake in 1975 caused the south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, to move seaward in response to slippage along a deep fault. Since then, a large part of the volcano's edifice has been adjusting to this perturbation. The summit of Kilauea extended at a rate of 0.26 meter per year until 1983, the south flank uplifted more than 0.5 meter, and the axes of both the volcano's rift zones extended and subsided; the summit continues to subside. These ground-surface motions have been remarkably steady and much more widespread than those caused by either recurrent inflation and deflation of the summit magma chamber or the episodic propagation of dikes into the rift zones. Kilauea's magmatic system is, therefore, probably deeper and more extensive than previously thought; the summit and both rift zones may be underlain by a thick, near vertical dike-like magma system at a depth of 3 to 9 kilometers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Delaney, P T -- Fiske, R S -- Miklius, A -- Okamura, A T -- Sako, M K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 16;247(4948):1311-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17843792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Soufriere volcano, st. Vincent: observations of its 1979 eruption from the ground, aircraft, and satellites (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-04
    Description: Rapid response by earth, atmospheric, and space scientists made possible diverse observations during the explosive phase of the 1979 eruption of Soufriere Volcano. The 11 reports that follow indicate that, with the availability of appropriate personnel, equipment, and logistical support, a significant body of geophysical data can be gathered on short notice at erupting volcanoes in remote parts of the world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fiske, R S -- Sigurdsson, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 4;216(4550):1105-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17808488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Deformation studies on soufriere, st. Vincent, between 1977 and 1981 (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-04
    Description: Dry-tilt measurements at two stations indicate that Soufriere Volcano gradually inflated at least 10 microradians prior to the initial explosions of April 1979 and then rapidly deflated more than 20 microradians after the activity got under way. The tilt measured at the station 6.5 kilometers from the summit was about twice that measured at a distance of 2.5 kilometers. This finding suggests the existence of a magma chamber at a depth of more than 10 kilometers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fiske, R S -- Shepherd, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 4;216(4550):1125-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17808499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The eruption of Soufrière volcano, St Vincent April–June 1979 (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 282 (1979), S. 24-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Soufrière volcano in St Vincent began to erupt on 13 April 1979 after 10 months of mild premonitory activity. A series of strong vertical explosions between 13 and 26 April generated ash falls, pyroclastic flows and mudflows. From about 3 May onwards basaltic–andesite lava has been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/282024a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twelve years of ground-tilt measurements on the Soufriere of St. Vincent, 1977–1989 (1990)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 52 (1990), S. 227-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Five ground-tilt stations were established on the flanks of the Soufriere of St. Vincent; two in 1977, two in 1980, and one in 1983. Four of these stations have survived; two consist of lines oriented radially to the volcano, and the other two consist of cross-shaped arrays. Collectively, this network showed that the volcano inflated gradually before the eruption of 1979 and then deflated rapidly during the eruption and for about a year after it had ended. The volcano then reinflated during much of 1981 and inflated only slightly, if at all, during the 7-year period 1982–1989. The measured amount of ground tilt from 1977 to 1989 was relatively small; the maximum recorded change of radial tilt at a station 6.5 km from the summit of the volcano totaled about 20 μrad. Local seismicity correlates well with measured ground deformation: numerous earthquakes accompanied the 1979–1981 deflation/inflation cycle; relatively few earthquakes occurred during the 1982–1989 period of little or no ground deformation. In the hope that the experience we have gained might be of use to others who are considering a program of ground-tilt monitoring on volcanoes elsewhere in the humid tropics, we describe many practical aspects of our program that have evolved over the years. For example: (1) stainless steel bench marks cemented into solid bedrock appear to be stable for at least 12 years, (2) bench marks can be located in concrete-filled drums where bedrock is absent, (3) bench marks should be concealed to protect them from vandalism, (4) care must be exercised where sight lines graze the ground (〈0.5 m), and (5) automatic levels are preferable because of their efficiency of operation, especially with inexperienced personnel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334806
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  • 9
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    Cycles of explosive and effusive eruptions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i (2014)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-27
    Description: The subaerial eruptive activity at Kīlauea Volcano (Hawai‘i) for the past 2500 yr can be divided into 3 dominantly effusive and 2 dominantly explosive periods, each lasting several centuries. The prevailing style of eruption for 60% of this time was explosive, manifested by repeated phreatic and phreatomagmatic activity in a deep summit caldera. During dominantly explosive periods, the magma supply rate to the shallow storage volume beneath the summit dropped to only a few percent of that during mainly effusive periods. The frequency and duration of explosive activity are contrary to the popular impression that Kīlauea is almost unceasingly effusive. Explosive activity apparently correlates with the presence of a caldera intersecting the water table. The decrease in magma supply rate may result in caldera collapse, because erupted or intruded magma is not replaced. Glasses with unusually high MgO, TiO 2 , and K 2 O compositions occur only in explosive tephra (and one related lava flow) and are consistent with disruption of the shallow reservoir complex during caldera formation. Kīlauea is a complex, modulated system in which melting rate, supply rate, conduit stability (in both mantle and crust), reservoir geometry, water table, and many other factors interact with one another. The hazards associated with explosive activity at Kīlauea’s summit would have major impact on local society if a future dominantly explosive period were to last several centuries. The association of lowered magma supply, caldera formation, and explosive activity might characterize other basaltic volcanoes, but has not been recognized.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 10
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    Submarine equivalents of ash flows in the Tokiwa Formation, Japan (1964)
    American Journal of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 1964-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-9599
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-452X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Journal of Science
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