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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transition of the anisotropic magnetoresistance of permalloy films from the negative to the positive along with thickness (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5786-5788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The anisotropic magnetoresistance of dc magnetron-sputtered Ni80Fe20 permalloy films showed the evolutionary transition of the sign, from the negative magnetoresistance to the positive magnetoresistance (PMR), as the thickness increases. A similar phenomenon with the angle between the field and the current was recently reported. In our study, however, the transition occurred in the transverse measurement at the fixed angle of 90°. Ni80Fe20 films were deposited on Si substrates in a magnetic field of 300 Oe at the ambient temperature and at the deposition rate of 4 Å/s. Because the PMR was known to be peculiar to the longitudinal measurement, it was investigated why the PMR in the transverse measurement occurred. By a vibrating sample magnetometer and magnetic force microscope, the PMR curve in the transverse measurement was found to be related to the canted hysteresis loop peculiar to the stripe domains caused by the perpendicular anisotropy. Unanticipated magnetostrictive strain by the compositional fluctuation and/or the effect of surface roughness was suggested as a plausible mechanism of the perpendicular anisotropy. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369919
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of surface topology and texture on exchange anisotropy in NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn spin valves : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6228-6230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the effects of texture and interfacial roughness on the exchange anisotropy in NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn spin valves with different buffer layers (no buffer, Cu, or FeMn) on Si(100) or Si(111) substrates by magnetron sputtering. The crystalline structure, surface topology, and exchange anisotropy field (Hex) were characterized. The exchange anisotropy was established all in (111), (200), and (220) textured samples and there was no systematic relationship between the type of texture and Hex. However, it was found that Hex increased as the surface roughness decreased. The results lead us to believe that interfacial roughness rather than crystallographic texture controls the development of the exchange anisotropy. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361891
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of roughness slope on exchange biasing in NiO spin valves (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2162-2164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Exchange biasing field Hex and coercive field Hc of the exchange-biased NiO spin valves deposited over differently etched glass substrates and glass Si3N4 buffer layers were measured in order to investigate the effect of roughness at the NiO/NiFe interfaces. The magnetoresistive (MR) ratio, Hex, and Hc were not influenced by etching time, even though the rms roughness Rrms increased from 4.7 to 33 Å. However, the MR ratio, Hex, and Hc increased with Si3N4 buffer thickness, even when the Rrms had almost the same values. To explain this ambiguous dependence of Rrms, we consider an effect of the average slope of roughness instead of Rrms in an atomic force microscope image. The steep slope of roughness played an important role in Hex and Hc in NiO spin valves due to an increase in magnetostatic energy and the decrease in antiferromagnetic domain size. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121308
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective growth of InAs self-assembled quantum dots on nanopatterned SiO2/Si substrate (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1403-1405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the selective growth of InAs self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs) on silicon-dioxide/silicon (SiO2/Si) substrates patterned in nanometer scale. The SiO2 thin film is found to be an efficient mask material for prohibiting the growth of InAs SAQDs, while the formation of stable SAQDs is observed on the exposed surface of Si. We have utilized this selectivity to demonstrate almost one-dimensional alignment of InAs SAQDs on Si stripes. The crystallinity of SAQDs is also identified by high-resolution transmission electron microscope observation. Our study opens up a possibility of reliably integrating III–V quantum dot devices with conventional Si circuits. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1352049
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogen Reduction and Quality of Lettuce Treated with Electrolyzed Oxidizing and Acidified Chlorinated Water (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) and acidified chlorinated water (45 ppm residual chlorine) was evaluated in killing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes on lettuce. After surface inoculation, each leaf was immersed in 1.5 L of EO or acidified chlorinated water for 1 or 3 min at 22 °C. Compared to a water wash only, the EO water washes significantly decreased mean populations of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes by 2.41 and 2.65 log10 CFU per lettuce leaf for 3 min treatments, respectively (p 〈 0.05). However, the difference between the bactericidal activity of EO and acidified chlorinated waters was not significant (p 〉 0.05). Change in the quality of lettuce subjected to the different wash treatments was not significant at the end of 2 wk of storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb15216.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A family of Ustilago maydis expression vectors: new selectable markers and promoters
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 127 (1993), S. 151-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Recombinant DNA ; corn smut ; fungi ; plant pathogen
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-1119(93)90632-D
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical and histochemical studies of normal and diseased human gastrointestinal tract. V. A differential diagnostic method for the histochemical classification of glycoproteins (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 17 (1985), S. 891-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A differential diagnostic scheme is described for the division of colonic epithelial glycoproteins into eleven histochemically distinct classes. The scheme depends upon the use of seven histochemical techniques which, collectively, permit the differential staining ofO-sulphate ester, sialic acid and its side chainO-acyl variants and vicinal diols located on carbohydrate residues other than sialic acids. Elements of the scheme also provide a general approach to the classification of epithelial glycoproteins in anatomic sites other than the colon. Application of the scheme permitted the classification of the epithelial glycoproteins in the mucosa 0.5–5.0 cm from human colonic tumours and provided direct confirmation of previous observations that changes from normal in the relative proportions of either side chainO-acylated sialic acids or sialic acids andO-sulphate esters can occur independently of one another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01004184
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new histochemical method for the selective periodate oxidation of total tissue sialic acids (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 19 (1987), S. 311-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Evaluation of the intensity of the periodic acid—Schiff (PAS) staining produced following oxidation for 1 h at 4°C with 0.4mm periodic acid in approximately 1m hydrochloric acid indicated that this reagent completely oxidized all available sialic acid residues of either the sialo- or sialosulphoglycoproteins of human and rat colon or the sialoglycoproteins of rat sublingual gland. These conditions produced no visible Schiff staining of either neutral macromolecules orvicinal diols located on hexose, 6-deoxyhexose orN-acetylhexosamine residues (‘neutral sugars’) of sialo- and sialosulphoglycoproteins. Furthermore, there was no extraction of epithelial glycoproteins or de-O-acylation of side chain substituted sialic acid residues. These data demonstrate that 0.4mm periodic acid in approximately 1m hydrochloric acid can be used as a specific reagent for the selective visualization of sialic acids in the PAS procedure. Studies of the mechanism of the oxidation of neutral sugars with 0.4mm periodic acid in approximately 1m hydrochloric acid indicated that their lack of PAS reactivity was not due to the production of Schiff unreactive hemiacetals or hemialdals. It is suggested that the selectivity of 0.4mm periodic acid in approximately 1m hydrochloric acid is a result of an increase in the rate of the oxidation of the sialic acid residues together with a decrease in the rate of oxidation of neutral sugars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01680446
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical studies of epithelial cell glycoproteins in normal rat colon (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 19 (1987), S. 546-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two general classes of glycoproteins have been identified in the colonic epithelial cells of the Sprague Dawley rat. Glycoproteins belonging to the first of these classes contain sialic acids both with and without side chaino-acyl substituents, abundanto-sulphate ester and ‘neutral sugars’ (hexose, 6-deoxyhexose or N-acetyl hexosamine residues) with oxidisablevicinal diols and are located in the goblet cells of the descending colon and in goblet cells populating the upper halves of the crypts of the ascending colon. In the descending colon, the sulphosialoglycoproteins in the goblet cells in the base of the crypts contain sialic acids without side chaino-acyl substituents. It appears that as these cells migrate up the crypts, there iso-acylation of the side chains of the sialic acids of the glycoproteins and an increase in the quantity of ‘neutral sugars’ without a corresponding increase in sialic acid. Glycoproteins with similar properties to those of the goblet cells of the upper halves of the crypts of the descending colon, but containing less sulphate, are found in the goblet cells of the upper half of the crypts of the ascending colon. The second general class of glycoproteins contain sialic acids all, or almost all of which, are substituted at position C8 and only relatively small quantities of sulphate. They are located in the mucous cells of the descending colon, the deep crypt secretory cells of the ascending colon and the columnar absorptive cell brush border. Glycoproteins of all three types contain neutral sugars but the periodate oxidation of those in the mucous cells is apparently prevented by the presence of ano-acyl ester substituent(s) located on theirvicinal diol(s). Such sugars have not previously been identified in mammalian epithelial glycoproteins; their presence, together with that of 8-o-acyl sialic acids, would account for the observed lack of PAS reactivity of the mucous cell glycoproteins. We propose that (i) there are two general biosynthetic sequences for colonic epithelial cell glycoproteins and (ii) the primary function of 8-o-acyl sialoglycoproteins is protective while that of the sulphated species is lubrication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01687362
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The histochemical specificity of High Iron Diamine—Alcian Blue (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 21 (1989), S. 501-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The specificity of the High Iron Diamine—Alcian Blue pH2.5 (HID—AB 2.5) procedure was examined in tissue sites containing sialogycoproteins alone or differing proportions of sialo- and sulphosialoglycoproteins. Studies with HID in differing final concentrations of hydrochloric acid or sodium chloride confirmed that staining is dependent upon both the pH and the ionic strength of the dye bath and demonstrated a marked heterogeneity in the pKa of the anionic groups of sialosulphoglycoproteins. Use of the sequence High Iron Diamine—Alcian Blue pH 1.0 demonstrated that complete or almost complete staining ofO-sulphate esters occurred when HID was prepared in water (final pH 1.3). However, under these conditions HID—AB 2.5 was shown to be non-specific because only black HID staining was observed in sites containing large quantities of sialic acids. This non-specificity was due either to the masking of Alcian Blue staining by HID and/or the black HID staining of anionic groups other than sulphate. These results may account for some of the conflicting data obtained by different groups of investigators who have studied ‘transitional mucosa’ in human colonic diseases. Caution should be used in drawing conclusions from the use of HID—AB 2.5 without confirmatory evidence from other more specific procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01845800
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