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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of thick-lipped grey mullet, Chelon labrosus (Risso), to diets of varied protein-to-energy ratio (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Six experimental diets were designed containing two lipid levels (approximately 12% and 24%) and three protein levels (approximately 38%, 49% and 59%) with protein-to-energy ratios ranging from 19.72 to 29.83 mg protein kJ-1 gross energy. At both lipid levels, an increase in the protein content of the diet was achieved by decreasing the carbohydrate input. After 84 days of feeding to appetite, the fish (juvenile thick-lipped grey mullet, Chelon labrosus (Risso)) fed the high-oil diets of low and medium protein content were significantly larger than those fed low-lipid diets containing similar amounts of protein. The greatest weight gain and optimum apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) were recorded for the fish fed the diet with a P:E ratio of 19.72 mg protein kJ-1 gross energy. At both lipid levels, increasing dietary protein supplementation led to a decrease in voluntary feed consumption and ANPU. Whole-body lipid appeared to increase in response to a higher dietary oil component. At low levels of dietary lipid, the carcass protein content increased in response to elevated protein supply. This trend was less obvious at the higher level of lipid supplementation. Hepatic glycogen deposition was significantly lower amongst the fish fed the low-carbohydrate diets at both levels of supplemental oil. A significant increase in hepatosomatic index was also recorded which was not directly correlated with either dietary carbohydrate or protein:energy level. It can be concluded from the present experiment that the optimum protein-to-energy ratio for C. labrosus juveniles is in the order of 19.72 mg protein kJ-1 gross energy when fed the present diets containing 37.9% crude protein and 22.8% lipid. Additionally, for this species, lipid was seen as a more effective source of non-protein energy than a corn starch/dextrin mixture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1996.tb01293.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpretation of the otolith structures in viviparous blenny Zoarces viviparus (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 13 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The otolith structure in viviparous blenny (Zoarces viviparus) was studied in fish of varying age and sizes collected in the Kattegat and in the Baltic Sea. We concluded that two major events in the early development of blenny were reflected in their otolith structure. Close to the core of the otolith, a thin hyaline ring structure forms at hatching in September-October. An additional, much broader, hyaline zone is formed during the period after birth in midwinter. In older fish, so-called ‘growth zones’, consisting of opaque material, were found to form in spring and summer. In August, the deposed otolith material changed to a hyaline character, resulting in a hyaline, ‘winter zone’ growth during autumn and winter. No effect of age or sex on the annual formation pattern could be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1997.tb00113.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The introduction, establishment, dispersal and impact of introduced non-native fishes (2005)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Journal of applied ichthyology 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2005.00693.x
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  • 4
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    Multidisciplinary perspectives on the history of human interactions with life in the ocean (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-24
    Description: There is an essentially circular interaction between the human social system and the marine ecosystem. The Oceans Past V Conference "Multidisciplinary perspectives on the history of human interactions with life in the ocean" held in Tallinn, Estonia, in May 2015 was an opportunity for the presentation and discussion of papers on a diverse array of topics that examined this socio-ecological system from a historical perspective. Here we provide background to the disciplines participating in the conference and to the conference itself. We summarize the conference papers that appear in this special volume of the ICES JMS and highlight issues which arose during general discussion. We make two conclusions. First, to have greater impact and ensure more efficient use of knowledge gained from marine historical ecology (MHE) and marine environmental history (MEH) in ecosystem-based management and related policy development, practitioners need to work more routinely with population and ecological modellers and statisticians. This will allow greater processing of the available historical data to derive ecologically meaningful properties that can then be used to assess the ecological impact of long-term changes of affected species and define appropriate and realistic management targets. Second, increased multi- and trans-disciplinary effort is required to better understand the relative importance of different human demographic, technological, economic, and cultural drivers on the patterns, intensities and trajectories of human activities affecting marine ecosystems.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Female ovarian abnormalities and reproductive failure of autumn-spawning herring (Clupea harengus membras) in the Baltic Sea (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-22
    Description: Fecundity and reproductive potential are important factors to be considered in evaluating trajectories and demographic predictions of fish populations. Therefore, characterizing the nature and quantifying the extent of any reproductive failure should be considered in fisheries studies. Here, we describe morphological changes in developed ovaries of autumn-spawning herring ( Clupea harengus membras ) caught in the northern Baltic Sea and evaluate the magnitude of this phenomenon during 3 consecutive years. Visibly, abnormal ovaries were histologically characterized by irregular-shaped oocytes in a vitellogenic or final maturation stage with coagulative necrosis and liquefaction of the yolk sphere, degraded follicle membranes, and fibrinous adhesion among oocytes. Such degeneration is presumed to cause complete infertility in the fish. The frequency of fish with abnormal ovaries varied annually between 10 and 15% among all females sampled. However, specific sampling events showed up to 90% females with abnormal gonads. The specific cause of this abnormality remains unknown; however, prevalence was associated with unfavourable environmental conditions encountered before spawning. Thus, ovarian abnormality was positively related to water temperatures, with the highest level found at ≥15°C and negatively related to the frequency of strong winds. The frequency of occurrence of abnormal gonads decreased with the progression of spawning from August to October. The observed abnormality and associated spawning failure will negatively affect the realized fecundity of autumn herring in the Baltic Sea and may act as a limiting factor for recovery of the stock, which has experienced profound depression during the last three decades.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Spatial and temporal variability of zooplankton in a temperate semi-enclosed sea: implications for monitoring design and long-term studies (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-04
    Description: Spatiotemporal patchiness of plankton and appropriate sampling strategy are crucial considerations for long-term studies of plankton dynamics, determining the confidence with which statistically significant ecological changes will be detected and attributed to the drivers. We analyze the spatiotemporal variability of Baltic Sea zooplankton using historical data from various monitoring programs. We determined the scales of highest temporal and spatial variability, focusing on distances and time periods shorter than 100 km and 90 days. Analyses were made for different hydrological regions (small lagoons, larger gulfs, Baltic Proper), and with differently sized zooplankton groups (large and small copepods and cladocerans). Temporal variability in one place usually exceeded the synoptic spatial variability. Smaller, faster reproducing cladocerans varied more in abundance than larger, slower reproducing copepods. The variability increased with time and distance between samples. For copepods, a temporal cycle of 60–70 days emerged, implying the need for sampling after every 20–23 days. For cladocerans, we propose 14 days as a sampling interval, the time during which the average abundance differences between samples doubled. In the future, these guidelines should be used in conjunction or as an addendum to HELCOM (Helsinki Commission) guidelines, to optimize the zooplankton sampling effort in the Baltic Sea.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Temporal development of coastal ecosystems in the Baltic Sea over the past two decades (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-01
    Description: Coastal areas are among the most biologically productive aquatic systems worldwide, but face strong and variable anthropogenic pressures. Few studies have, however, addressed the temporal development of coastal ecosystems in an integrated context. This study represents an assessment of the development over time in 13 coastal ecosystems in the Baltic Sea region during the past two decades. The study covers between two to six trophic levels per system and time-series dating back to the early 1990s. We applied multivariate analyses to assess the temporal development of biological ecosystem components and relate these to potential driving variables associated with changes in climate, hydrology, nutrient status, and fishing pressure. Our results show that structural change often occurred with similar timing in the assessed coastal systems. Moreover, in 10 of the 13 systems, a directional development of the ecosystem components was observed. The variables representing key ecosystem components generally differed across systems, due to natural differences and limitation to available data. As a result of this, the correlation between the temporal development of the biological components in each area and the driving variables assessed was to some extent area-specific. However, change in nutrient status was a common denominator of the variables most often associated with changes in the assessed systems. Our results, additionally, indicate existing strengths as well as future challenges in the capacity of currently available monitoring data to support integrated assessments and the implementation of an integrated ecosystem-based approach to the management of the Baltic Sea coastal ecosystems.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    The Baltic Sea as a time machine for the future coastal ocean (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-10
    Description: Coastal global oceans are expected to undergo drastic changes driven by climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures in coming decades. Predicting specific future conditions and assessing the best management strategies to maintain ecosystem integrity and sustainable resource use are difficult, because of multiple interacting pressures, uncertain projections, and a lack of test cases for management. We argue that the Baltic Sea can serve as a time machine to study consequences and mitigation of future coastal perturbations, due to its unique combination of an early history of multistressor disturbance and ecosystem deterioration and early implementation of cross-border environmental management to address these problems. The Baltic Sea also stands out in providing a strong scientific foundation and accessibility to long-term data series that provide a unique opportunity to assess the efficacy of management actions to address the breakdown of ecosystem functions. Trend reversals such as the return of top predators, recovering fish stocks, and reduced input of nutrient and harmful substances could be achieved only by implementing an international, cooperative governance structure transcending its complex multistate policy setting, with integrated management of watershed and sea. The Baltic Sea also demonstrates how rapidly progressing global pressures, particularly warming of Baltic waters and the surrounding catchment area, can offset the efficacy of current management approaches. This situation calls for management that is (i) conservative to provide a buffer against regionally unmanageable global perturbations, (ii) adaptive to react to new management challenges, and, ultimately, (iii) multisectorial and integrative to address conflicts associated with economic trade-offs.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Impact of extreme climate and bioinvasion on temporal coupling of spring herring (Clupea harengus m.) larvae and their prey (2014)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0141-1136
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-0291
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Temperature-driven changes in early life-history stages influence the Gulf of Riga spring spawning herring (Clupea harengus m.) recruitment abundance (2015)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-15
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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