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  • 1
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-05-10
    Description: In many regions of Asia and Africa, consanguineous marriages currently account for approximately 20 to 50% of all unions, and preliminary observations indicate that migrants from these areas continue to contract marriages with close relatives when resident in North America and Western Europe. Consanguinity is associated with increased gross fertility, due at least in part to younger maternal age at first livebirth. Morbidity and mortality also may be elevated, resulting in comparable numbers of surviving offspring in consanguineous and nonconsanguineous families. With advances in medicine and public health, genetic disorders will account for an increased proportion of disease worldwide. Predictably, this burden will fall more heavily on countries and communities in which consanguinity is strongly favored, as the result of the expression of deleterious recessive genes. However, studies conducted in such populations indicate that the adverse effects associated with inbreeding are experienced by a minority of families.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bittles, A H -- Mason, W M -- Greene, J -- Rao, N A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 10;252(5007):789-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉King's College, University of London.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2028254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology ; *Consanguinity ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Infertility ; Marriage ; Maternal Age ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Regression Analysis ; Sexual Behavior/*statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: Expression of T cell receptor (TCR) V alpha genes in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) within intraocular melanoma was studied. Primers for 18 different human TCR V alpha families were used to analyze TCR V alpha-C alpha gene rearrangements in TIL in these melanomas obtained at surgery. A limited number of TCR V alpha genes were expressed and rearranged in these tumors, and TILs expressing V alpha 7 were found in seven of eight of these uveal melanomas. TCR gene usage is also restricted in experimental autoimmune disease, in T cells within organs like skin and other epithelial tissues, and in the brain of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The restricted usage of TCR genes in TIL may indicate that a specific antigen in these melanomas is targeted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nitta, T -- Oksenberg, J R -- Rao, N A -- Steinman, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):672-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2382141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Melanoma/genetics/*immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Uveal Neoplasms/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: Monocyte differentiation into macrophages represents a cornerstone process for host defense. Concomitantly, immunological imprinting of either tolerance or trained immunity determines the functional fate of macrophages and susceptibility to secondary infections. We characterized the transcriptomes and epigenomes in four primary cell types: monocytes and in vitro-differentiated naive, tolerized, and trained macrophages. Inflammatory and metabolic pathways were modulated in macrophages, including decreased inflammasome activation, and we identified pathways functionally implicated in trained immunity. beta-glucan training elicits an exclusive epigenetic signature, revealing a complex network of enhancers and promoters. Analysis of transcription factor motifs in deoxyribonuclease I hypersensitive sites at cell-type-specific epigenetic loci unveiled differentiation and treatment-specific repertoires. Altogether, we provide a resource to understand the epigenetic changes that underlie innate immunity in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242194/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242194/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saeed, Sadia -- Quintin, Jessica -- Kerstens, Hindrik H D -- Rao, Nagesha A -- Aghajanirefah, Ali -- Matarese, Filomena -- Cheng, Shih-Chin -- Ratter, Jacqueline -- Berentsen, Kim -- van der Ent, Martijn A -- Sharifi, Nilofar -- Janssen-Megens, Eva M -- Ter Huurne, Menno -- Mandoli, Amit -- van Schaik, Tom -- Ng, Aylwin -- Burden, Frances -- Downes, Kate -- Frontini, Mattia -- Kumar, Vinod -- Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J -- Ouwehand, Willem H -- van der Meer, Jos W M -- Joosten, Leo A B -- Wijmenga, Cisca -- Martens, Joost H A -- Xavier, Ramnik J -- Logie, Colin -- Netea, Mihai G -- Stunnenberg, Hendrik G -- P30 DK043351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RG/09/012/28096/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1251086. doi: 10.1126/science.1251086.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. National Health Service, Blood and Transplant Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB0 2PT, UK. ; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. ; Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. h.stunnenberg@ncmls.ru.nl mihai.netea@radboudumc.nl c.logie@ncmls.ru.nl. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. h.stunnenberg@ncmls.ru.nl mihai.netea@radboudumc.nl c.logie@ncmls.ru.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites/genetics ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Deoxyribonuclease I/chemistry ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Immunologic Memory ; Inflammasomes/genetics/immunology ; Macrophages/*cytology/immunology ; Mice ; Monocytes/*cytology/immunology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; beta-Glucans/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: Epigenetic reprogramming of myeloid cells, also known as trained immunity, confers nonspecific protection from secondary infections. Using histone modification profiles of human monocytes trained with the Candida albicans cell wall constituent beta-glucan, together with a genome-wide transcriptome, we identified the induced expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism. Trained monocytes display high glucose consumption, high lactate production, and a high ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) to its reduced form (NADH), reflecting a shift in metabolism with an increase in glycolysis dependent on the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) through a dectin-1-Akt-HIF-1alpha (hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha) pathway. Inhibition of Akt, mTOR, or HIF-1alpha blocked monocyte induction of trained immunity, whereas the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activator metformin inhibited the innate immune response to fungal infection. Mice with a myeloid cell-specific defect in HIF-1alpha were unable to mount trained immunity against bacterial sepsis. Our results indicate that induction of aerobic glycolysis through an Akt-mTOR-HIF-1alpha pathway represents the metabolic basis of trained immunity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4226238/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4226238/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheng, Shih-Chin -- Quintin, Jessica -- Cramer, Robert A -- Shepardson, Kelly M -- Saeed, Sadia -- Kumar, Vinod -- Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J -- Martens, Joost H A -- Rao, Nagesha Appukudige -- Aghajanirefah, Ali -- Manjeri, Ganesh R -- Li, Yang -- Ifrim, Daniela C -- Arts, Rob J W -- van der Veer, Brian M J W -- Deen, Peter M T -- Logie, Colin -- O'Neill, Luke A -- Willems, Peter -- van de Veerdonk, Frank L -- van der Meer, Jos W M -- Ng, Aylwin -- Joosten, Leo A B -- Wijmenga, Cisca -- Stunnenberg, Hendrik G -- Xavier, Ramnik J -- Netea, Mihai G -- 1P30GM106394-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5P30GM103415-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DK097485/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK43351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK043351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 GM103415/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 GM106394/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI081838/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK097485/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01AI81838/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1250684. doi: 10.1126/science.1250684.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. ; 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, 12462 Athens, Greece. ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. ; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. mihai.netea@radboudumc.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis/immunology ; Animals ; Candida albicans/immunology ; Candidiasis/immunology/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glycolysis/*immunology ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics/*metabolism ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Immunologic Memory/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Monocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Sepsis/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Staphylococcal Infections/immunology/metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptome ; beta-Glucans/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 169 (1952), S. 923-924 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Briefly, the method consisted in spotting the solution containing the amino-acids on the circumference of a small circle of about 4 cm. diameter drawn with a pencil from the centre of a slit cut at the centre of Whatman No. 1 circular filter paper (18-5 cm. or 24 cm. in diameter). Some of the ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 43 (1956), S. 106-107 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 42 (1981), S. 253-276 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependencies of the heat capacities of amorphous Nb3Ge films have been measured near the superconducting transition using ac calorimetry. From an analysis of data both above and below, but outside, the transition region, a transition temperature T BCS was uniquely determined. The departure of the measured heat capacity from the BCS theory below the transition and from the usual sum of lattice and electronic terms above was then extracted. Above T BCS, over a substantial temperature range, the departure could be attributed to fluctuations and could be fit with a two-dimensional free fluctuation theory modified to take into account the fact that film thicknesses, which were on the order of 1000 », were not always small in comparison with the temperature-dependent coherence length. However, the transition temperature obtained from such a fit was always found to be higher than T BCS determined from data outside the transition region. Furthermore, below T BCS a broad bump in the excess heat capacity was observed. A quantitative description of the excess heat capacity data may require the development of a theory based on the two-component Ginzburg-Landau model which treats the quartic term in a more realistic manner than in the Hartree model, and which takes into account both thickness corrections in films with a small natural ξ(0) and the possibility of quenched or frozen-in disorder.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1980-01-14
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
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