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  • 1
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    Enhanced social dominance by neonatal isolation [Neuroscience] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-09
    Description: Social separation early in life can lead to the development of impaired interpersonal relationships and profound social disorders. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Here, we found that isolation of neonatal rats induced glucocorticoid-dependent social dominance over nonisolated control rats in juveniles from the same...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Brain IRS2 signaling coordinates life span and nutrient homeostasis (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-21
    Description: Reduced insulin-like signaling extends the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. Here, we show that, in mice, less insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) signaling throughout the body or just in the brain extended life span up to 18%. At 22 months of age, brain-specific Irs2 knockout mice were overweight, hyperinsulinemic, and glucose intolerant; however, compared with control mice, they were more active and displayed greater glucose oxidation, and during meals they displayed stable superoxide dismutase-2 concentrations in the hypothalamus. Thus, less Irs2 signaling in aging brains can promote healthy metabolism, attenuate meal-induced oxidative stress, and extend the life span of overweight and insulin-resistant mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taguchi, Akiko -- Wartschow, Lynn M -- White, Morris F -- DK38712/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK55326/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 20;317(5836):369-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17641201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diet ; Female ; Glucose/*metabolism ; *Homeostasis ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Insulin Resistance ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*metabolism ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Overweight ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Respiration ; *Signal Transduction ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Pancreatic beta cell enhancers regulate rhythmic transcription of genes controlling insulin secretion (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: The mammalian transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1 are essential components of the molecular clock that coordinate behavior and metabolism with the solar cycle. Genetic or environmental perturbation of circadian cycles contributes to metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes. To study the impact of the cell-autonomous clock on pancreatic beta cell function, we examined pancreatic islets from mice with either intact or disrupted BMAL1 expression both throughout life and limited to adulthood. We found pronounced oscillation of insulin secretion that was synchronized with the expression of genes encoding secretory machinery and signaling factors that regulate insulin release. CLOCK/BMAL1 colocalized with the pancreatic transcription factor PDX1 within active enhancers distinct from those controlling rhythmic metabolic gene networks in liver. We also found that beta cell clock ablation in adult mice caused severe glucose intolerance. Thus, cell type-specific enhancers underlie the circadian control of peripheral metabolism throughout life and may help to explain its dysregulation in diabetes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4669216/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4669216/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perelis, Mark -- Marcheva, Biliana -- Ramsey, Kathryn Moynihan -- Schipma, Matthew J -- Hutchison, Alan L -- Taguchi, Akihiko -- Peek, Clara Bien -- Hong, Heekyung -- Huang, Wenyu -- Omura, Chiaki -- Allred, Amanda L -- Bradfield, Christopher A -- Dinner, Aaron R -- Barish, Grant D -- Bass, Joseph -- ES05703/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK105137/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG011412/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01AG011412/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P60 DK020595/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P60DK020595/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK090625/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES005703/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01DK090625/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK007169/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007281/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL007909/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07281/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 6;350(6261):aac4250. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4250.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. ; Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. ; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Graduate Program in the Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 52705, USA. ; Graduate Program in the Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. j-bass@northwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; CLOCK Proteins/metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm/*genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*physiology ; Exocytosis/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Glucose Intolerance ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/*secretion ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*secretion ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy of GaAs:Er,O in the near-band-edge region (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 8682-8687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a spectroscopic study of GaAs:Er,O samples grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, with excitation in the near-band-edge region, 1.22–1.62 eV. Photoluminescence under host-excitation is dominated by luminescence due to the Er-2O center (an erbium atom at a gallium site coupled with two adjacent oxygen atoms) in these samples. The characterization of different Er centers is demonstrated by the observation of 4I15/2→4I11/2 intra-4f-shell transitions by photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy. The transitions between these crystal-field-split 4f-shell levels are observed at ∼1.26 eV (∼980 nm) which is at an energy attainable by PLE spectroscopy with a Ti:Sapphire laser. Two lines are assigned to the Er-2O center. This allows a semi-quantitative measurement of the relative concentrations of different centers to be made. PLE spectroscopy was also employed to study the trap levels related to the Er-2O center. However, we find no evidence for such a trap level in this energy range. The expected position of this trap is discussed in the light of these results and recent calculations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362494
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic configuration of the Er-O luminescence center in Er-doped GaAs with oxygen codoping (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 4332-4339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article investigates the structure of an Er luminescence center in GaAs by using its intra-4f-shell luminescence spectrum as an atomic probe to identify the atomic configuration. This Er center is formed in GaAs by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with O codoping and the center shows a high efficiency and a sharp luminescence spectrum under above-band-gap photoexcitation. A single luminescence line in the spectrum of a GaAs:Er,O splits into more than eight lines in the spectrum of Al0.01Ga0.99As:Er,O. This drastic change due to the addition of 1% Al can be explained by assuming that, because of the high tendency of Al atoms to react with O atoms, the Al atoms preferentially occupy the nearest-neighbor Ga sites of two O atoms, both of which are coupled with the Er atom. Based on the luminescence spectra and additional experiments of Rutherford backscattering and secondary ion mass spectroscopy, we propose that the structure of the Er luminescence center under study is Er occupying the Ga sublattice with two O atoms most likely located at the nearest-neighbor As sites. An Er-related spectrum of GaAs0.97P0.03:Er,O can also be understood based on this model if the chemical difference of Al and P is taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357319
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence-excitation analysis of Er-doped GaAs grown by metalorganic vapor phase deposition (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 1735-1740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Er-doped GaAs grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition was studied by photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) measurements using a color center laser that provides tunable light in the 1450–1550 nm range. The light in this wavelength region can directly induce the 4I15/2→4I13/2 intra-4f-shell transition of Er3+ ions. The PLE spectra of a specific Er center formed by oxygen codoping under suitable growth conditions were conclusively assigned by site-selective spectroscopy. Non-site-selective PLE spectroscopy, on the other hand, revealed that the atomic configurations of Er3+ ions change according to the Er concentration, growth temperature, and oxygen codoping. Sharp lines related to Er3+ ions with well-defined atomic configurations, and inhomogeneously broadened structures related to aggregates of Er3+ ions, are evident in the PLE spectra. The PLE spectra due to the direct intra-4f-shell excitation also revealed semiquantitatively that there are Er centers that do not show luminescence under above-band gap photoexcitation, because of low energy transfer efficiency from the host. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358866
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations designed to modify the environment of the primary electron donor of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides: Phenylalanine to leucine at L167 and histidine to phenylalanine at L168 (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 32 (1993), S. 3498-3505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00064a038
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic configurations of Er centers in GaAs:Er,O and AlGaAs:Er,O studied by site-selective luminescence spectroscopy (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3997-4005 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Er-doped GaAs codoped with oxygen was studied by site-selective measurements of photoluminescence spectra and photoluminescence-excitation spectra directly exciting the 4f-shell electrons of one kind of Er center at a time. Within one sample, more than 10 kinds of distinctly different Er centers, showing different Er-related spectra, were observed, although its host-excited photoluminescence spectrum is dominated by the luminescence from one kind of Er center. The atomic configuration of that center has been identified as an Er atom located at the Ga sublattice with two adjacent oxygen atoms (Er-2O center). Seven kinds of Er centers in GaAs:Er, O and two kinds of Er centers in AlGaAs:Er, O were studied in detail. The numbers of lines and the magnitudes of energy separations among the lines in each spectrum indicate that the Er atoms of all nine kinds of centers are coupled with oxygen atoms and have noncubic symmetry. The nine Er centers were grouped into several classes according to similarities in their spectra which should reflect symmetries of the Er centers. The atomic configurations of two classes of Er centers are discussed in detail. The Er centers of both classes have a nearest-neighbor site atomic configuration similar to that of the Er-2O center with a symmetry close to rhombic C2v, but Er centers in the two classes have different types of deviation from C2v due to the difference in the second-nearest-neighbor atomic configurations of the Er atoms. We also discuss a large difference in the efficiency of the Er-related luminescence under host photoexcitation caused by the difference in the second-nearest-neighbor atomic configurations. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365709
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Configurational transformation of an Er center in GaAs:Er,O under hydrostatic pressure (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 813-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An optical spectroscopic study of Er-related luminescence in GaAs:Er,O under hydrostatic pressure is reported. The application of pressure results in new Er-related centers becoming optically active under host photoexcitation. Two new sets of 4I13/2→4I15/2 transitions are observed to appear in different pressure ranges. It is concluded that these two sets of crystal-field-split transitions are due to the same Er center, and that this Er center undergoes an abrupt change in local configuration at a specific pressure. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365777
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferential alignment of Er–2O centers in GaAs:Er,O revealed by anisotropic host-excited photoluminescence (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3317-3319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: When GaAs is co-doped with Er and O by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, the host-excited photoluminescence (PL) is dominated by 4I13/2→4I15/2 intra-4f-shell luminescence (1.54 μm) from a center identified as an Er atom substituting for Ga, coupled with two O atoms (Er–2O). The preferential alignment of the Er–2O center is revealed by the optical anisotropy exhibited by such samples when detecting host-excited PL polarized parallel to the 〈110〉 crystallographic directions. The preferential alignment of a specific symmetry axis of the Er–2O center is determined to be along the growth direction, [001]. This observation contrasts previous work on rare-earth (RE) doped materials where the RE luminescence center itself exhibits anisotropic luminescent properties, but a random distribution of differently oriented centers results in isotropic host excited PL. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116043
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