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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FACTORS AFFECTING MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY AT SIXTEEN BEACHES IN SOUTH-WEST WALES (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Routine monitoring data from 1993 to 1999 were analysed to elucidate relationships between microbiological water quality and enviranmental conditions at sixteen EC identified bathing waters in South-West Wales. The objective was (a) to gain an understanding of the factors affecting non-compliance with the guideline standard of the EC Bathing Waters Directive, (b) to aid the development of action plans for improved bathing-water quality, and (c) to enable effective targeting of future investigations. The analyses demonstrated relationships between water quality and rainfall, sunshine, tidal range, tidal state, time of sampling, time of year, wind speed, wind direction, state of sea, transparency, river flows, river quality, salinity and temperature. The temporal and spatial variability in water quality shown by this study also highlights the need to ensure that monitoring programmes represent conditions at the times and locations of greatest bathing-water use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2003.tb00430.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The life history of Salicaceae living in the active zone of floodplains (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Freshwater biology 47 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Exposed riverine sediments are difficult substrata for seedling establishment because of extremes in the microclimate, poor soil conditions and frequent habitat turnover. Various species of willows and poplars (Salicaceae) appear to be particularly successful in colonising such sediments and are often dominant in floodplain habitats throughout the northern temperate zone.2. In many Salicaceae regeneration seems to be adapted to regular disturbance by flooding. Efficient seed dispersal is achieved by the production of abundant seed in spring and early summer, which are dispersed by air and water. Seeds are short-lived and germinate immediately on moist surfaces. Seedling establishment is only possible if these surfaces stay moist and undisturbed for a sufficient period of time.3. Larger plants of Salicaceae have exceptional mechanical properties, such as high bending stability, which enable them to withstand moderate floods. If uprooted, washed away or fragmented by more powerful floods these plants re-sprout vigorously.4. While these life characteristics can be interpreted as adaptations to the floodplain environment, they may also cause a high genetic variability in populations of Salicaceae and predispose Salicaceae to hybridization. Thus, a feed back between adaptive life history characteristics and the evolutionary process is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00894.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Riverine landscapes: an introduction (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Freshwater biology 47 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. This paper is an introduction to a special issue of Freshwater Biology containing selected papers from the First International Symposium on Riverine Landscapes held in March 2001 in Switzerland.2. The primary goal of the symposium was to synthesise present understanding of riverine landscapes from the perspectives of different disciplines. A landscape approach was used to address interactions between patterns and processes, in the context of spatial heterogeneity, across scales in physical and biological systems.3. The three main themes were: (i) hydrogeomorphic processes, (ii) biological dynamics and (iii) human influences in riverine landscapes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00913.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR MINEWATER TREATMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS AND ECOLOGICAL RECOVERY (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 18 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The ecology of the River Pelenna (in South Wales) was impoverished by polluted discharges from abandoned coal mines. A series of passive constructed wetlands was created in order to treat these discharges and to improve the ecology of the river. A three-year Environment Agency R&D project investigated the performance, environmental benefits and sustainability of the constructed wetlands. It showed that the treatment systems were removing most of the iron contamination. In the reaches downstream from the minewaters, the dissolved-iron concentration quickly dropped below the target level. Invertebrate abundance, trout and riverine bird populations increased in following years. However, occasional overflows from the systems have significantly affected the ecology of one stretch of river. The research work has provided an insight into the potential for ecological recovery associated with future minewater treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2004.tb00514.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR MINEWATER TREATMENT: PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 18 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Wetlands were constructed between 1995 and 1999 to treat discharges from abandoned coalmines in the Pelenna Valley, South Wales. This was one of the first and most comprehensive demonstrations of passive minewater treatment technology in Europe, incorporating aerobic and anaerobic cells, including ‘reducing and alkalinity-producing systems. The wetlands were monitored to assess their performance and longevity and were found to remove 82-96% of the incoming iron, with no decline in treatment performance over the monitoring period to 2002. Oxidation was found to be the dominant iron-removal process, even in vertical-flow cells which were designed to utilise anaerobic processes. Factors limiting the longevity of iron-removal processes were identified. maintenance requirements were highlighted and life-span predictions were calculated for the systems. The wetlands were shown to be an effective and low maintenance (but not maintenance-free) method of treating net-acidic and net-alkaline minewater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2004.tb00513.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information from River-Corridor Surveys (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: A river-corridor survey (RCS), routinely undertaken on behalf of the National Rivers Authority (NRA), provides a consistent national approach to gathering and recording environmental information on 500-m stretches of river corridor. The development of RCS is reviewed and the methodology which is currently applied within the NRA is described. A research programme, sponsored by the NRA, to develop scientifically-valid methods for extracting quantitative information from RCS maps is outlined. The methodology allows for spatial distortions and operator variance in mapping the 500-m stretches. It is based on an abundance scale and therefore provides data which can be quantitatively combined and analysed (a) to highlight different properties of the river corridor and (b) to summarize those properties over different corridor lengths. The results of an example application of these methods of information extraction to a 14.5-km length of river corridor are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1995.tb01487.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionospheric Effect caused by Celestial X-rays (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 222 (1969), S. 1053-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have detected an ionospheric effect, namely an enhancement of the nocturnal D -region conductivity, which we believe to be caused by X-radiation from the strong X-ray source, Scorpius XR-1, and other weaker sources in the vicinity of the galactic centre. The influence of solar flares on the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2221053a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation Enhancement following Johnston Island Thermonuclear Explosion (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 196 (1962), S. 367-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The counter, designed for operation at the temperatures encountered in night flights of balloons (down to 60 C), was 10 cm long and 4 cm in diameter. Thicknesses of the glass wall and internal nickel cathode were 1 mm and 0.1 mm respectively. At the time of the explosion, 0900 U.T., the balloon ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/196367a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palatability of British trees to insects: constitutive and induced defences (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 69 (1986), S. 316-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Undamaged foliage of sixteen species of broadleaved trees was assessed for background (constitutive) palatability using larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera) in laboratory bioassays. Palatability (dry weight consumed in 48 h) varied significantly between species and exhibited a four-fold range. Leaves of fifteen species were damaged artificially in the field and offered with control (undamaged) leaves to Spodoptera after 48 h and two weeks on the tree. Leaves adjacent to the damaged ones were similarly tested. Ten species exhibited significant (P〈0.02) wound induced declines in palatability; damaged and adjacent foliage was involved. Although there was no significant relationship between the trees' constitutive palatability and the number of invertebrate herbivore species they support, this previously-demonstrated relationship closely approached significance when the species showing wound-induced effects were excluded from the regression. These results are discussed within the limitations of laboratory bioassays and the possible field consequences are briefly considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377640
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wound induced defences in plants and their consequences for patterns of insect grazing (1983)
    Springer
    Oecologia 59 (1983), S. 88-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three scales of wound-induced chemical responses in plants are identified: (1) highly localised chemical changes associated with disruption of cell compartmentation; (2) changes induced in cells surrounding the damaged area, forming a kind of halo around the damage, and (3) more widely-dispersed changes which may affect an entire organ, branch or plant. A brief review of the literature reveals that such chemical responses are very widespread in plants, and many of the substances formed are known to affect adversely the growth, development, or reproduction of insects. It is argued that wound-induced changes in plant chemistry represent for insects a powerful selective pressure for the dispersal of grazing. Levels and patterns of invertebrate grazing in a range of herbaceous and deciduous woody plants sampled at the end of the growing seasons were examined. Leaves of many species exhibited a strikingly evident over-dispersion of grazing initiations, and in some cases the arrangement of holes appeared close to regularity. The pattern of damage between leaves was, in most cases, heavily biased towards a large proportion of leaves receiving a low level of grazing. These highly dispersed patterns of grazing damage are consistent with the hypothesis that wound-induced responses play an important role in determining patterns of insect feeding. They have important implications for the expected levels of insect exploitation of host plants and for the advantages to the plant of distributing grazing damage evenly through the canopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388079
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