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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of magnetic fluctuations in tokamaks: Observations in the TEXT tokamak (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 674-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structure of the magnetic fluctuations in a tokamak has been determined from extensive measurements using a variety of probes outside the limiter in TEXT [Plasma Phys. Controlled Nucl. Fusion 27, 1335 (1985)]. The spectrum has been measured to 500 kHz, but little energy is present above 150 kHz. The spectrum ranges from low-frequency, low-m-number modes with high coherence to higher m values at higher frequencies, which have limited poloidal and temporal coherence but are specifically correlated with electrostatic fluctuations in the edge. Although these magnetic fluctuations are not directly significant for transport, they are a useful indication of edge turbulence. They are associated with turbulence only inside the limiter. The correlation length along field lines is long, and the phase variation of the correlated components suggests k(parallel)/k⊥ (approximately-equal-to) 0.005. These magnetic signals are consistent with a modest modulation of the plasma resistivity in the edge as in resistivity-gradient-driven modes, but the magnetic fluctuation signal is not proportional to the applied E(parallel). Their response to many other perturbations is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859864
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic for the study of turbulence in Phaedrus-T tokamak plasmas : Eighth topical conference on high−temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3046-3048 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A flexible beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic system is being installed on the Phaedrus-T tokamak. It consists of a low-power diagnostic neutral beam (H0 or He0) coupled with visible and vacuum UV collection optics to study low-amplitude, high-frequency fluctuations in local plasma density in ohmically and rf-heated plasmas. Neutral beam geometry and optical sightlines are chosen to optimize localization and radial resolution (〈1 cm) over the whole plasma region. The ability to inject either a H or He neutral beam and observe in both the vacuum UV and the visible spectral ranges allows a wide choice of atomic transitions (e.g., Hα, Lα, He singlet or triplet lines, etc.) to be compared and optimized for a given experimental condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141722
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alpha-CHERS: A spectroscopic experiment to detect nonthermal alpha particles on TFTR : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 5179-5181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A spectroscopic diagnostic for measurement of slowing-down alpha particles is under development and will be implemented for D–T operation of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor. The visible 468.6 nm He+ line (n=3–4) is excited by charge exchange recombination of alphas with a heating neutral beam (55 keV/amu), and the distortion of the line profile caused by alphas with energies up to 0.5–1.0 MeV is observed. Expected intensities are 0.1%–10% of the bremsstrahlung background for D–T discharges with Q=0.2–1.0. Because the signal is small, a high-throughput optical system is needed to achieve the desired signal-to-noise ratio of 10–100. Vertical and horizontal arrays of sightlines with five spatial channels will be used. Initially, two spatial channels will be coupled via fiber optics to an f/3.8 spectrometer equipped with a low-noise charge coupled device detector, with expansion to 5–10 spatial channels planned for D–T operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143474
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intense diagnostic neutral beam development for ITER : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4934-4936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the next generation, burning tokamak plasmas such as in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), diagnostic neutral beams and beam spectroscopy will continue to be used to determine a variety of plasmas parameters such as ion temperature, rotation, fluctuations, impurity content, current density profile, and confined alpha particle density and energy distribution. Present-day low-current, long-pulse beam technology will be unable to provide the required signal intensities because of higher beam attenuation and background bremsstrahlung radiation in these larger, higher-density plasmas. To address this problem, we are developing a short-pulse, intense diagnostic neutral beam. Protons or deuterons are accelerated using magnetic-insulated ion-diode technology, and neutralized in a transient gas cell. A prototype 50-kA, 100-kV, 1-μs accelerator is under construction at Los Alamos. Initial experiments will focus on ITER-related issues of beam energy distribution, current density, pulse length, divergence, propagation, impurity content, reproducibility, and maintenance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143554
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic Structure of Methylcyclohexane and Perfluoromethylcyclohexane Liquids in Confinement and in Bulk (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 5787-5792 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100016a010
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic and mechanistic investigations of the formation of polyimides under homogeneous conditions (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 26 (1993), S. 1344-1358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00058a024
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of long-wavelength density fluctuations in TFTR (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 2922-2928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Several experiments have been devised to measure plasma fluctuations in an effort to help elucidate a possible connection between plasma microturbulence and anomalous transport. Results from microwave scattering on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Nucl. Fusion 18, 1089 (1978)] show that the level of plasma fluctuations increases toward the long-wavelength region (k⊥ρs≤0.2), at which point the fluctuations cannot be spatially resolved. The desire to measure long-wavelength fluctuations has motivated the development of two fluctuation diagnostics, beam emission spectroscopy (BES), and microwave reflectometry on TFTR. BES measures long-wavelength density fluctuations (k⊥≤2 cm−1) by observing the fluorescence emitted from collisionally excited atoms in a TFTR heating beam. In L-mode discharges with relatively flat density profiles, the fluctuations measured with BES are concentrated in the low-frequency region (≤30 kHz). In the laboratory frame, the fluctuations have a poloidal propagation velocity that is approximately equal to that of the plasma rotation, and the frequency spectra are broadened by Doppler effects. Measured fluctuation levels are 5%–10% at the edge of the plasma. In the core, the level falls to less than 1%, which is comparable to observations made with microwave reflectometry and scattering. The fluctuation level in the core (r/a=0.7) is seen to increase with injected beam power, as is observed with microwave scattering at shorter wavelengths (k⊥≈2–10 cm−1). In contrast, the fluctuation level in the edge region does not change significantly with neutral beam power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860165
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Linoleic Acid on Conjugated Linoleic Acid Production by Planktonic Rumen Bacteria from Grain-fed Cows (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ruminal conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production from linoleic acid (LA) was characterized in vitro. Rumen bacteria from grain-fed cows were more active in BH than those from hay-fed cows. Particleassociated bacteria produced more hydrogenated products leaving less CLA than the planktonic bacteria (P 〈 0.05). CLA production by planktonic bacteria did not always correlate to LA given; longer incubations generally decreased CLA concentration and increased c9, t11/t10, c12 ratio, especially at higher LA concentrations. The preincubated cells to LA produced more CLA than the unexposed ones and the increase was more evident with c9, t11 CLA (P 〈 0.05). This study provides insight into how cattle diet and LA feedings affect ruminal CLA production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb12316.x
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective Increase in Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Milk Fat by Crystallization (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 64 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of this work was to obtain concentrated natural conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from milk fat by urea complexation. Milk fat was hydrolyzed to provide free fatty acids, followed by crystallization with different ratios of urea. The profiles of fatty acids achieved by urea complexation showed different fatty acid compositions. Long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, including CLA, were concentrated after crystallization. The highest amount of CLA was achieved by the first crystallization with a 2:1 urea/fatty acid ratio. CLA was elevated 2.5-fold. The C18:1/C18:0 fatty acid ratio was increased from 2 to 51, and stearic acid (C18:0) was decreased 17-fold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb15913.x
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastic η factor solutions of homogeneous and bi-material SE(T) specimens for toughness and creep crack growth testing (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Based on slip line field analysis and finite element analysis of elastic-perfectly plastic materials, plastic η factor solutions for single edge-cracked specimens in tension (SE(T)) with a wide range of crack lengths are proposed, both for homogeneous specimens and for bi-material specimens with interface cracks. Moreover, two different plastic η factor solutions are given: one based on experimental load–load line displacement records, ηVLLp , and the other based on experimental load–crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) records, ηCMODp . Comparison with existing finite element results shows good agreement. For deep cracks (a/w 〉 ∼0.45), the ηVLLp solutions are insensitive to the strain hardening, to the specimen length and to the specimen thickness. However, for shallower cracks (a/w 〈 ∼0.45), the ηVLLp solutions are sensitive to the specimen thickness, to the strain hardening and to the specimen length, suggesting difficulties associated with a robust determination of J and C * integrals from experimental data. On the other hand, the ηCMODp solution is not sensitive to the crack length, to the specimen thickness, to strain hardening and to the specimen length, even for shallow cracked specimens. This suggests that the use of CMOD can provide robust J and C * estimation schemes even for shallow crack testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2001.00436.x
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