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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordinated change between complement C1s production and chondrocyte differentiation in vitro (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 289 (1997), S. 299-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Complement C1s ; Sandwich ELISA ; Chondrocytes ; Cell culture ; Differentiation ; Ascorbic acid ; Syrian hamster ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In vitro synthesis of the first component of complement C1s was examined by using hamster epiphyseal chondrocytes (HAC) and human chondrosarcoma cell line HCS-2/8. Hamster and human C1s produced by the cells were quantified by immunoblotting and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. It was possible to measure active and inactive C1s by sandwich ELISA, when we used anti-human C1s monoclonal antibodies, M241 recognizing only active C1s, and M365 and M81 recognizing both active and inactive C1s. Approximately 40% of C1s secreted from HCS-2/8 was found to be activated in the culture medium, whereas C1s from HAC was not. C1s production increased in accordance with chondrocyte differentiation induced by ascorbic acid. In contrast, transforming growth factor-beta1 and basic fibroblast growth factor, which inhibited differentiation, suppressed C1s production. These results confirmed our previous observation showing that C1s synthesis increased with differentiation into hypertrophic chondrocytes in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050876
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complement Cls, a classical enzyme with novel functions at the endochondral ossification center: immunohistochemical staining of activated Cls with a neoantigen-specific antibody (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 288 (1997), S. 557-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Complement Cls ; Neoantigen ; Cartilage ; Hypertrophic chondrocyte ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Decorin ; Syrian hamster ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The secondary ossification center of 14- to 16-day-old hamster tibiae was examined immunohistochemically with active and inactive Cls-specific antibodies, RK5 and RK4, respectively. At the ossification center, chondrocytes differentiate from proliferating and hypertrophic to degenerating stages, and their site is occupied by the bone marrow. Cls was strongly immunostained in hypertrophic chondrocytes. In order to discover whether Cls is activated at a particular site, the cartilage was immunostained with RK5 and RK4. RK5 mainly reacted with degrading matrix around invading vessels. In contrast, RK4 strongly stained hypertrophic chondrocytes. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed Cls on degrading fragments of chondrocytes and fibers of cartilage matrix. Decorin, one of the major matrix proteoglycans, was dose and time dependently degraded by Cls. Type II collagen and type I gelatin were also degraded. Articular cartilage from patients with rheumatoid arthritis was positively immunostained (11/12 cases) with an anti-Cls monoclonal antibody (mAb) PG11, whereas normal articular cartilage (5/5 cases) was negative, suggesting Cls participation in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050841
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical anisotropy of polyimide (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 2049-2058 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Optical anisotropy of polyimide films prepared from polyamic acid solutions was investigated by conoscopic observation and refractive index measurements. The conoscopic figure (crossed pattern) characteristic of a negative uniaxial crystal with its optic axis perpendicular to the film plane was observed for samples imidized on substrates. Uniaxial drawing of a polyamic acid cast film with 40 wt % solvent gave a highly oriented sample with an elongation of more than 80%. This sample had a conoscopic figure characteristic of a positive uniaxial crystal with its optic axis equivalent to the molecular c axis (parallel to the film plane). A large optical anisotropy (bire-fringence 0.18) was observed in the film plane. The TE-mode refractive index (parallel to the film plane) ranged from 1.64 to 1.82 at a wavelength of 633 nm according to the sample rotation. These values corresponded to the refractive indices perpendicular and parallel to the c axis, respectively. The optical system change of the polyimide film was explained in terms of the uniaxial orientation of the in-plane oriented molecular c axis.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410911
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric relaxations and molecular motions in poly(vinylidene fluoride) with crystal form II (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 11 (1973), S. 1503-1533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Molecular motions in poly(vinylidene fluoride) were studied by dielectric measurements. Of the three relaxation processes, the αa and the αc were studied. The αa relaxation was attributed to the molecular motions in the amorphous regions and the αc relaxation to molecular motions in the crystalline regions and their surfaces. The relaxation time and the magnitude of the αa absorption were analyzed on the basis of the Adam-Gibbs theory of the temperature dependence of the size of the cooperatively rearranging region. As a result it was concluded that the molecular structure of crystal form II holds locally, even in the amorphous regions. The relaxation time and the magnitude for the αc absorption were analysed on the basis of the two-site model. It was concluded that the αc relaxation is attributable not only to molecular motions in the folds of the lamellar crystals, but also to those in the interior of the crystal; the folded chain is relatively mobile, while the molecular chain in the interior of the crystal executes restricted rotation around the chain axis.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.180110804
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of dielectric loss in radiation-polymerized polyethylene (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 14 (1976), S. 1755-1767 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Low dielectric loss polyethylenes have been produced by γ-radiation polymerization of oxygen-free ethylene monomers. Dielectric measurements were made at 500 MHz and 20°C. The lowest dielectric loss tangent of the polyethylene was 3.3 × 10-5. Polar groups contributing to the dielectric loss have been found to be carbonyl groups, terminal vinyl groups, methyl groups, and hydroxyl groups contained in the polyethylene. The contribution of each group to the loss tangent has been calculated from a comparison of the variation of the loss tangent with the content of each group as determined by infrared analysis. It has been found that the reduction of the loss tangent is mainly due to the decrease in the concentrations of the carbonyl groups and the terminal vinyl groups and that the presence of a considerable amount of the hydroxyl groups prevents a further reduction of the loss in the polyethylenes. The results obtained from the analysis of the radiation-polymerized polyethylenes were applied to commercially available polyethylenes.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1976.180141003
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annealing effects in poly(vinylidene fluoride) as revealed by specific volume measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, and electron microscopy (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 11 (1973), S. 2153-2171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Specimens of poly(vinylidene fluoride), crystal form II, annealed at different temperatures between 130 and 180°C were characterized by specific volume measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and electron micróscopy. The degree of crystallinity calculated from the specific volume changed only by 15% i.e., from 50% to 65%. On the other hand, the melting behavior changed with annealing conditions. When a specimen was annealed above 170°C, two endothermic peaks appeared on either side of the annealing temperature. Results from DSC measurements made at different heating rates and electron microscopy showed that the two endotherms were caused by a bimodal distribution of lamellar thicknesses. The equilibrium melting point was found to be 210°C from the linear relation of the melting point and the annealing temperature. The equilibrium enthalpy and entropy of fusion were found to be 1.6 keal/mole and 3.3 eu/mole of repeat units by measurement on polymer-diluent mixtures. The surface free energy was found to be 5.1 kcal/mole of lamellar sequences from the plot of melting point versus reciprocal lamellar thickness obtained by electron microscopy. From a plot of enthalpy of fusion versus reciprocal lamellar thickness the surface enthalpy was found to be 20 keal/mole of lamellar sequences. These data lead to the estimate that a chain fold consists of about 30 repeat units.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.180111107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some properties of polyethylene produced by radiation polymerization at -78°C (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 14 (1976), S. 1293-1295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1976.170140530
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nature of radical and cationic polymerization initiated by cupric salts (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 3 (1965), S. 923-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1965.110031108
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