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  • Other Sources  (7)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (5)
  • ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION  (2)
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  • Other Sources  (7)
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  • 1
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    Comparison of satellite measurements of ozone and ozone trends (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Measurements of ozone retrieved from satellite instruments over the 1979-1991 period are compared. The instruments used are the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS), the solar backscattered ultraviolet experiment (SBUV), and stratospheric aerosol and gas experiments (SAGE) I and II. Although there is good agreement between the absolute densities of ozone as measured by the various instruments, the long-term changes (1979-1990) disagree sharply as a function of pressure and in the integrated ozone amount. In the upper stratosphere, SBUV trends are negative with maximum values of about -1.5%/year at high latitudes. Combined SAGE I and II trends are slightly positive in this region and peak near 0.5%/year at equatorial latitudes. In the lower stratosphere, SBUV trends reflect small decreases in ozone, generally less than -0.4%/year except at high southern latitudes where the trends rearch values of approximately -1.5%/year. SAGE ozone trends exhibit large decreases particularly in the equatorial regions where decreases of 3-6%/year are seen at pressures between 60 and 90 mbar. At higher latitudes, SAGE trends are more comparable to SBUV trends in the lower stratosphere. Total ozone trends from TOMS and SBUV agree within their uncertainties. Near-zero trends are indicated at low latitudes, and larger, negative trends (approximately -0.5%/year) are indicated near the poles. The SAGE column ozone trends depend upon the base level altitude of integration but do not exhibit a strong latitude dependence.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; D10; p. 20,501-20,511
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Results from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Thermal Emission Spectrometer spectra of low albedo surface materials suggests that a four to one mixture of pyroxene to plagioclase, together with about a 35 percent dust component provides the best fit to the spectrum. Qualitative upper limits can be placed on the concentration of carbonates (〈10 percent), olivine (〈10 percent), clay minerals (〈20 percent), and quartz (〈5 percent) in the limited regions observed. Limb observations in the northern hemisphere reveal low-lying dust hazes and detached water-ice clouds at altitudes up to 55 kilometers. At an aerocentric longitude of 224 degrees a major dust storm developed in the Noachis Terra region. The south polar cap retreat was similar to that observed by Viking.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); Volume 279; 5357; 1692-8
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  • 3
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    CRISM: Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) will conduct a comprehensive series of investigations of the Martian surface and atmosphere. The investigations will be accomplished using an instrument design that provides high spatial and spectral resolutions, extended wave- length range, and ability to gimbal through a range of orientations. Baseline investigations include a near-global survey to find high science priority sites, full- resolution measurement of thousands of such sites, and tracking of seasonal variations in atmospheric and surface properties.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Mars Infrared Spectroscopy: From Theory and the Laboratory To Field Observations; LPI-Contrib-1148
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  • 4
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    CRISM: Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) will conduct a global survey to find high priority sites, full-resolution measurement of thousands of sites, and tracking of variations in atmospheric and surface properties. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-7269 , Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIII; LPI-Contrib-1109
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  • 5
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    An Introduction to the Mars Atmospheric Trace Molecule Occultation Spectrometer (MATMOS) (2011)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: 4th International Workshop on the Mars Atmosphere: Modelling and Observations; Feb 11, 2011; Paris; France
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  • 6
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    Scientific Goals and Objectives for the Human Exploration of Mars: 1. Biology and Atmosphere/Climate (2008)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: To prepare for the exploration of Mars by humans, as outlined in the new national vision for Space Exploration (VSE), the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG), chartered by NASA's Mars Exploration Program (MEP), formed a Human Exploration of Mars Science Analysis Group (HEM-SAG), in March 2007. HEM-SAG was chartered to develop the scientific goals and objectives for the human exploration of Mars based on the Mars Scientific Goals, Objectives, Investigations, and Priorities.1 The HEM-SAG is one of several humans to Mars scientific, engineering and mission architecture studies chartered in 2007 to support NASA s plans for the human exploration of Mars. The HEM-SAG is composed of about 30 Mars scientists representing the disciplines of Mars biology, climate/atmosphere, geology and geophysics from the U.S., Canada, England, France, Italy and Spain. MEPAG selected Drs. James B. Garvin (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) and Joel S. Levine (NASA Langley Research Center) to serve as HEMSAG co-chairs. The HEM-SAG team conducted 20 telecons and convened three face-to-face meetings from March through October 2007. The management of MEP and MEPAG were briefed on the HEM-SAG interim findings in May. The HEM-SAG final report was presented on-line to the full MEPAG membership and was presented at the MEPAG meeting on February 20-21, 2008. This presentation will outline the HEM-SAG biology and climate/atmosphere goals and objectives. A companion paper will outline the HEM-SAG geology and geophysics goals and objectives.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: 39th Lunar and Planetary Sciences Conference; Mar 10, 2008 - Mar 14, 2008; Houston, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Trends in aerosol abundances and distributions (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The properties of aerosols that reside in the upper atmosphere are described. Special emphasis is given to the influence these aerosols have on ozone observation systems, mainly through radiative effects, and on ambient ozone concentrations, mainly through chemical effects. It has long been appreciated that stratospheric particles can interfere with the remote sensing of ozone distribution. The mechanism and magnitude of this interference are evaluated. Separate sections deal with the optical properties of upper atmospheric aerosols, long-term trends in stratospheric aerosols, perturbations of the stratospheric aerosol layer by volcanic eruptions, and estimates of the impacts that such particles have on remotely measured ozone concentrations. Another section is devoted to a discussion of the polar stratospheric clouds (PSC's). These unique clouds, recently discovered by satellite observation, are now thought to be intimately connected with the Antarctic ozone hole. Accordingly, interest in PSC's has grown considerably in recent years. This chapter describes what we know about the morphology, physical chemistry, and microphysics of PSC's.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Report of the International Ozone Trends Panel 1988, Volume 2; p 595-664
    Format: application/pdf
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