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  • 1
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Various kinds of sequential polypeptides were prepared by direct polymerization of peptides in the presence of diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA). Typically, polymerization reactions were carried out as follows; monomer peptide concentration: 300 mg/0,6 mL of DMSO (or some other solvent); amount of DPPA: 1,3 mol/mol peptide; amount of triethylamine: 2,3 mol/mol peptide (+1,0 mol/mol peptide in case of peptide hydrochloride); reaction time: 2 days at room temperature. Molecular weights of the resulting sequential polypeptides were estimated from their intrinsic viscosities in dichloroacetic acid and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; they range from 4 000 to 30 000. The purity of the sequential polypeptides was confirmed by IR, elemental analysis and optical rotation measurements of their acid total hydrolysates.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 1811-1820 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The preparation of various polyamides, polyureas and polyurethanes by polymerization reactions with diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) was investigated. Various polyamides were obtained very conveniently by polymerization of aminocarboxylic acids or copolymerization of dicarboxylic acids and diamines. Polyureas were mainly obtained by conversion of dicarboxylic acids to acyl azides with DPPA and then to isocyanates, followed by copolymerization of these diisocyanates with diamines. Further, the polymerization of some aminocarboxylic acids that have an amino group of low nucleophilicity (such as p-aminobenzoic acid) was found to give polyureas instead of polyamides by direct polymerization. Polyurethanes were also obtained from dicarboxylic acids and diols through the Curtius rearrangement of acyl azides, similarly as in the polyurea preparations. The products were identified with the help of IR spectra and elemental analyses, and their molecular weights were evaluated viscometrically.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polypeptides can be prepared by stirring an amino acid solution in the presence of diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) and an adequate tertiary amine. Generally, 1,3 mol of DPPA and 2,3 mol of triethylamine per mol of amino acid gave the best result. Polymerization of various amino acids (Gly, Ala, Leu, Phe, Met, Glu(OBzl), Glu(OMe), Cys(Bzl), Ser(Bzl), His(Bzl), Lys(Z), Arg(Tos), Arg(NO2), Arg(Mts), etc.; cf. Tab. 2) in dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, 1,4-dioxane, pyridine, etc. gave the corresponding polypeptides with molecular weights as estimated from their intrinsic viscosities between 3 000 and 16 000, in reasonable yields. The purity of the resulting polypeptides was confirmed by IR, elemental analysis and optical rotation measurements of their acid total hydrolysates.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 1965-1968 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: chitosan ; α-cyclodextrin ; reductive amination ; host-guest complex ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No abstract.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 22 (1972), S. 107-131 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die an β-Form reiche Poly-α-aminosäure-Faser hat seidenartige Eigenschaften. Dagegen ist eine α-reiche Faser der Wolle ähnlich. Wenn starke Wechselwirkungen durch Seitenketten von Poly-α-aminosäuremolekülen bestehen, ist die Polymerlösung nicht spinnbar, obwohl sie die Fähigkeit hat, einen Film zu bilden. Da es schwierig ist, eine starke Faser in α-Form direkt aus dem Polymeren zu spinnen, sollte die Spinnlösung einige Teile statistisch gehärtete Moleküle in der α-Form enthalten, und die Fasermoleküle sollten durch Strecken parallel zur Achse angeordnet werden. Schließlich sollten die meisten der übriggebliebenen β- und α-Teile wieder in die α-Form zurückverwandelt werden. Die β-Form des Poly-L-Alanins ist am stabilsten und der Seide am ähnlichsten. Aber fast alle β-Teile von gedehnten Fasern aus Poly-L-Leucin werden in kochendem Dioxan in die α-Form verwandelt, und die wollartigen Eigenschaften zeigen sich. Die charakteristischen Eigenschaften der Poly-α-aminosäure-Fasern scheinen auf dem Gehalt an α- und β-Formen zu beruhen. Die Poly-L-Leucin-Faser ist in der α-Form stabil in kochendem Wasser, und eine Cystin-Brücke in der Faser scheint nicht nötig zu sein, um den wollartigen Charakter zu bewahren. Durch Copolymerisation mit einer kleinen Menge von Methionin wird die Anfärbbarkeit der Fasern bedeutend erhöht.
    Notes: Poly-α-amino acid fibre being rich in β-form has a silky quality. The fibre being rich in α-form becomes woolly. When there is a strong interaction force through side chains of poly-α-amino acid molecules, the polymer solution is not spinnable regardless of the film forming ability. As it is difficult to spin a strong fibre directly from a polymer in α-form, the spinning solution should contain some parts of random coil in the α-form and the fibre molecules should be oriented in a parallel with the axis by stretching. Finally, most of the remaining β- or random-parts should be retransformed into the α-form. The β-form of poly-L-alanine is most stable and most analogous to silk, but most of β-form in poly-L-leucine stretched fibre is transformed into the α-form in boiling dioxane and the woolly character appears. The character of poly-α-amino acid fibres seems to depend on the contents of α- and β-form. Poly-L-leucine fibre in the α-form is stable in boiling water and it seems to be unnecessary to introduce a cystine bridge into the fibre to maintain a woolly character. By copolymerizing a small amount of methionine into a polymer, the dyeability of fibres is remarkably improved.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: monolayer formation ; PMMA-grafted chitin derivative ; phase transition ; accessible monolayer to lysozyme ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The monolayer behaviour of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-grafted chitin derivatives was studied on an air-water interface by measuring surface pressure-area isotherms. The formation of a stable monolayer indicates the well-defined packing and orientation of the chitin derivative, which can be regulated by the main-chain length under appropriate experimental conditions. The isotherms exhibit a transition point from a liquid expanded phase to a condensed phase at a surface pressure of approximately 15mN/m for almost all monolayers examined. The transition pressure decreases with increase of temperature from 10 to 20°C. The properties of the sub-phase affected the formation of a monolayer greatly. The collapse of a surface film takes place at lower pressure on the sub-phase of a 0.1 M NaCI solution. After introducing lysozyme at a concentration at 2.4 × 10-8M to the sub-phase, the monolayer showed an extensively expanded phase with a longer transition region. This indicates that the monolayer was degraded by the lysozyme, resulting in a disordered structure. The results are contrasted with those of an aqueous phase where N-acetylglucosamine residues may be inaccessible to lysozyme so that the degradation of the chitin derivative occurs at a very slow rate.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: chitosan film ; doping ; hematoporphyrin-IX ; photo-induced radicals ; electron spin resonance ; induced circular dichroism ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Induction and stabilization of free radicals were investigated in hematoporphyrin-IX (Hp)-doped chitosan (Hp-Ch) film by electron spin resonance (ESR) following photo-irradiation. Induced radicals were more stable in chitosan and 6-O-carboxymethyl chitin films than in carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate films. Hydroxyl groups on D-glucosamine residues in chitosan are suggested as participating in accepting radicals, since spin trapping was absorbed in ESR spectra of Hp-Ch film by the use of oxygen sensitive spin trapping reagent. An induced circular dichroism spectrum was observed only for Hp-doped chitosan film over a range 360-450 nm among seven pairs of polymers and dyes; it is suggested that Hp molecules are arranged parallel along the carbohydrate backbone of chitosan, resulting in the highest acceptance of photo-induced radicals in the polymer film.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 20 (1986), S. 1359-1372 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The effect of multi-porous beads prepared from 80% deacetylated chitin on the activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages was examined. Deacetylated chitin bead (DAC-bead) preparations were shown to activate macrophages for tumoricidal activity depending on the increasing concentration of acetic acid used for the pretreatment of beads. The large DAC-bead was more susceptible to treatment with acetic acid than small DAC-bead, and showed more potent capacity for the activation of macrophages under the same pretreatment conditions with acetic acid. Reacetylated bead preparations, on the other hand, showed less activities. In addition, DAC-bead pretreated with acetic acid stimulated macrophages to produce interleukin 1. The possibilities of multi-porous beads as cancer chemotherapeutic-carrier were examined by the method of column chromatography and of in vitro antitumor experiment. Forty-four percent of adriamycin adsorbed on the surface of and in bead was released within the first 60 min. of elution, and then adriamycin was released more slowly in proportion to the elution time. Antitumor activity of adriamycin-adsorbed bead was less effective than that of free adriamycin if they were compared on the basis of total content of adriamycin.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 22 (1984), S. 255-260 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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