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    Germline P granules are liquid droplets that localize by controlled dissolution/condensation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-23
    Description: In sexually reproducing organisms, embryos specify germ cells, which ultimately generate sperm and eggs. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the first germ cell is established when RNA and protein-rich P granules localize to the posterior of the one-cell embryo. Localization of P granules and their physical nature remain poorly understood. Here we show that P granules exhibit liquid-like behaviors, including fusion, dripping, and wetting, which we used to estimate their viscosity and surface tension. As with other liquids, P granules rapidly dissolved and condensed. Localization occurred by a biased increase in P granule condensation at the posterior. This process reflects a classic phase transition, in which polarity proteins vary the condensation point across the cell. Such phase transitions may represent a fundamental physicochemical mechanism for structuring the cytoplasm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brangwynne, Clifford P -- Eckmann, Christian R -- Courson, David S -- Rybarska, Agata -- Hoege, Carsten -- Gharakhani, Jobin -- Julicher, Frank -- Hyman, Anthony A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1729-32. doi: 10.1126/science.1172046. Epub 2009 May 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19460965" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*embryology/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism/physiology/ultrastructure ; Cytoplasmic Granules/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Germ Cells/*ultrastructure ; Phase Transition ; Physicochemical Processes ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Helminth/chemistry ; Solubility ; Surface Tension ; Viscosity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Polarization of PAR proteins by advective triggering of a pattern-forming system (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-25
    Description: In the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote, a conserved network of partitioning-defective (PAR) polarity proteins segregates into an anterior and a posterior domain, facilitated by flows of the cortical actomyosin meshwork. The physical mechanisms by which stable asymmetric PAR distributions arise from transient cortical flows remain unclear. We present evidence that PAR polarity arises from coupling of advective transport by the flowing cell cortex to a multistable PAR reaction-diffusion system. By inducing transient PAR segregation, advection serves as a mechanical trigger for the formation of a PAR pattern within an otherwise stably unpolarized system. We suggest that passive advective transport in an active and flowing material may be a general mechanism for mechanochemical pattern formation in developmental systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goehring, Nathan W -- Trong, Philipp Khuc -- Bois, Justin S -- Chowdhury, Debanjan -- Nicola, Ernesto M -- Hyman, Anthony A -- Grill, Stephan W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1137-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1208619. Epub 2011 Oct 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*embryology/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cell Polarity ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Diffusion ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism/*physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Protein Transport
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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