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  • 1
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    The predictive value of changes in effective connectivity for human learning (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-05
    Description: During learning, neural responses decrease over repeated exposure to identical stimuli. This repetition suppression is thought to reflect a progressive optimization of neuronal responses elicited by the task. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to study the neural basis of associative learning of visual objects and their locations. As expected, activation in specialized cortical areas decreased with time. However, with path analysis it was shown that, in parallel to this adaptation, increases in effective connectivity occurred between distinct cortical systems specialized for spatial and object processing. The time course of these plastic changes was highly correlated with individual learning performance, suggesting that interactions between brain areas underlie associative learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buchel, C -- Coull, J T -- Friston, K J -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 5;283(5407):1538-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. c.buechel@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Association Learning/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Echo-Planar Imaging ; Female ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Pathways/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: Sleep facilitates memory consolidation. A widely held model assumes that this is because newly encoded memories undergo covert reactivation during sleep. We cued new memories in humans during sleep by presenting an odor that had been presented as context during prior learning, and so showed that reactivation indeed causes memory consolidation during sleep. Re-exposure to the odor during slow-wave sleep (SWS) improved the retention of hippocampus-dependent declarative memories but not of hippocampus-independent procedural memories. Odor re-exposure was ineffective during rapid eye movement sleep or wakefulness or when the odor had been omitted during prior learning. Concurring with these findings, functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant hippocampal activation in response to odor re-exposure during SWS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rasch, Bjorn -- Buchel, Christian -- Gais, Steffen -- Born, Jan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1426-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lubeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160/23a, 23538 Lubeck, Germany. rasch@kfg.uni-luebeck.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Cues ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; *Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; *Odors ; Sleep/*physiology ; Sleep, REM/physiology ; Wakefulness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Don't look back in anger! Responsiveness to missed chances in successful and nonsuccessful aging (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-21
    Description: Life-span theories explain successful aging with an adaptive management of emotional experiences like regret. As opportunities to undo regrettable situations decline with age, a reduced engagement into these situations represents a potentially protective strategy to maintain well-being in older age. Yet, little is known about the underlying neurobiological mechanisms supporting this claim. We used a multimodal psychophysiological approach in combination with a sequential risk-taking task that induces the feeling of regret and investigated young as well as emotionally successfully and unsuccessfully (i.e., late-life depressed) aged participants. Responsiveness to regret was specifically reduced in successful aging paralleled by autonomic and frontostriatal characteristics indicating adaptive shifts in emotion regulation. Our results suggest that disengagement from regret reflects a critical resilience factor for emotional health in older age.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brassen, Stefanie -- Gamer, Matthias -- Peters, Jan -- Gluth, Sebastian -- Buchel, Christian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):612-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1217516. Epub 2012 Apr 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. sbrassen@uke.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517323" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; *Anger ; Basal Ganglia/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Depression/*psychology ; *Emotions ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Oxygen/blood ; Personal Satisfaction ; Resilience, Psychological ; Risk-Taking ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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