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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 216-217 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A simple, low cost interspike interval analyzer for the analysis of trains of nerve impulses is described. The analyzer is built with readily available integrated circuits and has been used to analyze spike trains in the lateral vestibular nucleus of cats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 21 (1996), S. 118-123 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Breakup characteristics of liquid droplets impinging on a hot surface are investigated experimentally with the wall temperatures in the Leidenfrost temperature range of 220–330°C for n-decane fuel. Factors influencing droplet breakup are wall temperature, impinging velocity, droplet diameter and impinging angle. The 50% breakup probability shows that the impinging velocity decreases linearly with the droplet diameter increase and there exists an optimum impinging angle near 80° having the minimum value in the impinging velocity for given wall temperature and droplet size. Near the wall temperature of 250°C corresponding to the Leidenfrost temperature, a peculiar nonlinear behavior in the breakup probability is observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 21 (1996), S. 201-208 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A rotating mirror is widely used to generate the velocity shift that can resolve the directional ambiguities of PIV (particle image velocimetry) measurements. The rotating mirror system inevitably creates the normal displacement of the resulting PIV images and causes systematic image errors. Two corrective methods are proposed to eliminate or reduce the image biasing in PIV system. The use of two linearly traversing mirrors, instead of a single rotating mirror, shows that image biasing can be eliminated and the velocity shift well generated. As a second option, two co-rotating mirrors, instead of one, can reduce the image biasing with a maximum velocity shift available. Detailed imaging kinematics of the two suggestive methods are presented to lead to designing of practical devices that improve the PIV capabilities by reducing the systematic image errors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 24 (1989), S. 61-78 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um den Teilchenentstehungsprozeß der Fällungsdesoxidation von Stahl-Schmelzen mit Aluminium verstehen zu können, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine Beziehung für den Aufbau des Konzentrationsüberschusses abgeleitet. Nach Slezov werden die Differential-Gleichungen für konvektive Diffusion und simultane Reaktion und das Massenwirkungsgesetz für das System Fe-Al-O unter Verwendung des eindimensionalen Strömungsfeldes nach Nakanishi und Mitarbeitern benutzt. Die Geschwindigkeit des Aufbaus des entstehenden Konzentrationsüberschusses ist ein Produkt aus dem effektiven Diffusionskoeffizienten, dem Quadrat der Konzentrationsdifferenz (Differenz zwischen äquivalenter Konzentration von Sauerstoff und Aluminium) und dem Massenwirkungsterm. Der Massenwirkungsterm beschreibt den Einfluß der Einstellung des Gleichgewichtsgehaltes (aktueller Gehalt bei ungehinderter Reaktion) von Aluminium und Sauerstoff nach dem Massenwirkungs-, dem Teilchenwachstums-und dem Diffusionsgesetz auf den Aufbau der Konzentrationsüberschußrate. Er nimmt in einem engen Bereich des Gleichgewichtsgehaltes von Sauerstoff, infolge eines geringen Löslichkeitsproduktes für das System Fe-Al-O, hohe Werte an, genauso wie die Konzentrationsüberschußaufbaurate. Bei einer Temperatur von 1600 °C hat der Massenwirkungsterm einen Höchstwert bei einem Sauerstoffgehalt von 24,1 ppm und liegt dabei über der Hälfte seines Spitzenwertes bei einem Sauerstoffgehalt zwischen 12,4 und 44,6 ppm, so daß sich bei diesen Gleichgewichtsgehalten 61% des Konzentrationsüberschusses aufbauen. Die Position des maximalen Aufbaues des Konzentrationsüberschusses verschiebt sich langsam mit ansteigender Mischzeit und Abstand von dem Ort, an welchem das Aluminium zugesetzt wird; dieser Prozeß läuft aber bei zunehmendem Verhältnis von „End-Aluminium- zu Anfangs-Sauerstoff-Gehalt“ sehr schnell ab infolge des früheren Erreichens des Sauerstoffgleichgewichtsgehaltes entsprechend dem maximalen Konzentrationsüberschußaufbau. Die Geschwindigkeit des Konzentrationsüberschußaufbaus steigt mit zunehmenden Anfangs-Sauerstoff- und End-Aluminium-Gehalten und infolge der größeren Abhängigkeit des Konzentrationsdifferenz-Gradienten von dem Anfangs-Sauerstoff-Gehalt steigt die Geschwindigkeit des Konzentrationsüberschußaufbaus stärker mit dem Anfangs-Sauerstoff-Gehalt als mit dem End-Aluminium-Gehalt. An der gleichen Stelle nimmt der Gradient der Konzentrationsdifferenz mit ansteigender Mischzeit ab. Dementsprechend sinkt auch die lokale Geschwindigkeit des Konzentrationsüberschußaufbaus.
    Notes: Abstract In order to understand the particle formation processes during the precipitation deoxidation of steel melts with aluminium, in the present work a relationship for the rate of the concentration excess buildup is derived according to Slezov from the differential equations for convective diffusion and simultaneous reaction and from the mass action law for the system Fe-Al-O, using the one-dimensional circulation flow field proposed by Nakanishi and coworkers because of computation expense. The rate of concentration excess buildup is a product of effective diffusion coefficient, square of gradient of concentration difference (difference between equivalent concentration of oxygen and aluminium) and mass action term. The mass action term describes the influence of the adjustment of the equilibrium contents (actual contents at unhindered reaction) of aluminium and oxygen according to the mass action, particle growth and diffusion law on the rate of the concentration excess buildup; it has high values in a narrow range of the equilibrium content of oxygen due to a low solubility product for the system Fe-Al-O, consequently, the rate of concentration excess bildup, too. At 1600°C the mass action term has a peak value at oxygen equilibrium content of 24.1 ppm and lies above half of its peak value at oxygen equilibrium contents between 12.4 and 44.6 ppm, so that at these equilibrium contents 61% of concentration excess build up. From the place of aluminium adding the position of the maximum concentration excess buildup displaces slowly with increasing mixing time and distance, but rapidly with increasing ratio “final aluminium/initial oxygen content” due to the earlier attainment of the equilibrium oxygen content corresponding to the maximum concentration excess buildup. The rate of the concentration excess buildup increases with increasing initial oxygen and final aluminium contents, and, due to the larger dependence of the gradient of the concentration difference on the initial oxygen content, more strongly with the initial oxygen content than with the final aluminium content. At the same place, with increasing mixing time the gradient of concentration difference decreases. Consequently, the local rate of concentration excess buildup decreases, too.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 12 (1993), S. 520-522 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1979-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2006-01-02
    Print ISSN: 1420-682X
    Electronic ISSN: 1420-9071
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-07-13
    Print ISSN: 0254-5330
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9338
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1996-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0723-4864
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1114
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1996-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0723-4864
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1114
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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