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    Eastern Equatorial Pacific productivity and related-CO2 changes since the last glacial period [Environmental Sciences] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-06
    Description: Understanding oceanic processes, both physical and biological, that control atmospheric CO2 is vital for predicting their influence during the past and into the future. The Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP) is thought to have exerted a strong control over glacial/interglacial CO2 variations through its link to circulation and nutrient-related changes in the Southern Ocean, the primary region of the world oceans where CO2-enriched deep water is upwelled to the surface ocean and comes into contact with the atmosphere. Here we present a multiproxy record of surface ocean productivity, dust inputs, and thermocline conditions for the EEP over the last 40,000 y. This allows us to detect changes in phytoplankton productivity and composition associated with increases in equatorial upwelling intensity and influence of Si-rich waters of sub-Antarctic origin. Our evidence indicates that diatoms outcompeted coccolithophores at times when the influence of Si-rich Southern Ocean intermediate waters was greatest. This shift from calcareous to noncalcareous phytoplankton would cause a lowering in atmospheric CO2 through a reduced carbonate pump, as hypothesized by the Silicic Acid Leakage Hypothesis. However, this change does not seem to have been crucial in controlling atmospheric CO2, as it took place during the deglaciation, when atmospheric CO2 concentrations had already started to rise. Instead, the concomitant intensification of Antarctic upwelling brought large quantities of deep CO2-rich waters to the ocean surface. This process very likely dominated any biologically mediated CO2 sequestration and probably accounts for most of the deglacial rise in atmospheric CO2.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    beta-catenin mediates stress resilience through Dicer1/microRNA regulation (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-11
    Description: beta-catenin is a multi-functional protein that has an important role in the mature central nervous system; its dysfunction has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. Here we show that in mice beta-catenin mediates pro-resilient and anxiolytic effects in the nucleus accumbens, a key brain reward region, an effect mediated by D2-type medium spiny neurons. Using genome-wide beta-catenin enrichment mapping, we identify Dicer1-important in small RNA (for example, microRNA) biogenesis--as a beta-catenin target gene that mediates resilience. Small RNA profiling after excising beta-catenin from nucleus accumbens in the context of chronic stress reveals beta-catenin-dependent microRNA regulation associated with resilience. Together, these findings establish beta-catenin as a critical regulator in the development of behavioural resilience, activating a network that includes Dicer1 and downstream microRNAs. We thus present a foundation for the development of novel therapeutic targets to promote stress resilience.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4257892/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4257892/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dias, Caroline -- Feng, Jian -- Sun, Haosheng -- Shao, Ning Yi -- Mazei-Robison, Michelle S -- Damez-Werno, Diane -- Scobie, Kimberly -- Bagot, Rosemary -- LaBonte, Benoit -- Ribeiro, Efrain -- Liu, XiaoChuan -- Kennedy, Pamela -- Vialou, Vincent -- Ferguson, Deveroux -- Pena, Catherine -- Calipari, Erin S -- Koo, Ja Wook -- Mouzon, Ezekiell -- Ghose, Subroto -- Tamminga, Carol -- Neve, Rachael -- Shen, Li -- Nestler, Eric J -- P50 MH096890/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R00 MH094405/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 4;516(7529):51-5. doi: 10.1038/nature13976. Epub 2014 Nov 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA. ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25383518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Animals ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/*genetics/metabolism ; Depression/physiopathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs/*genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; *Resilience, Psychological ; Ribonuclease III/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological/*genetics ; beta Catenin/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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