ALBERT

Description: Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant paediatric brain tumour currently treated with a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, posing a considerable burden of toxicity to the developing child. Genomics has illuminated the extensive intertumoral heterogeneity of medulloblastoma, identifying four distinct molecular subgroups. Group 3 and group 4 subgroup medulloblastomas account for most paediatric cases; yet, oncogenic drivers for these subtypes remain largely unidentified. Here we describe a series of prevalent, highly disparate genomic structural variants, restricted to groups 3 and 4, resulting in specific and mutually exclusive activation of the growth factor independent 1 family proto-oncogenes, GFI1 and GFI1B. Somatic structural variants juxtapose GFI1 or GFI1B coding sequences proximal to active enhancer elements, including super-enhancers, instigating oncogenic activity. Our results, supported by evidence from mouse models, identify GFI1 and GFI1B as prominent medulloblastoma oncogenes and implicate 'enhancer hijacking' as an efficient mechanism driving oncogene activation in a childhood cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4201514/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4201514/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Northcott, Paul A -- Lee, Catherine -- Zichner, Thomas -- Stutz, Adrian M -- Erkek, Serap -- Kawauchi, Daisuke -- Shih, David J H -- Hovestadt, Volker -- Zapatka, Marc -- Sturm, Dominik -- Jones, David T W -- Kool, Marcel -- Remke, Marc -- Cavalli, Florence M G -- Zuyderduyn, Scott -- Bader, Gary D -- VandenBerg, Scott -- Esparza, Lourdes Adriana -- Ryzhova, Marina -- Wang, Wei -- Wittmann, Andrea -- Stark, Sebastian -- Sieber, Laura -- Seker-Cin, Huriye -- Linke, Linda -- Kratochwil, Fabian -- Jager, Natalie -- Buchhalter, Ivo -- Imbusch, Charles D -- Zipprich, Gideon -- Raeder, Benjamin -- Schmidt, Sabine -- Diessl, Nicolle -- Wolf, Stephan -- Wiemann, Stefan -- Brors, Benedikt -- Lawerenz, Chris -- Eils, Jurgen -- Warnatz, Hans-Jorg -- Risch, Thomas -- Yaspo, Marie-Laure -- Weber, Ursula D -- Bartholomae, Cynthia C -- von Kalle, Christof -- Turanyi, Eszter -- Hauser, Peter -- Sanden, Emma -- Darabi, Anna -- Siesjo, Peter -- Sterba, Jaroslav -- Zitterbart, Karel -- Sumerauer, David -- van Sluis, Peter -- Versteeg, Rogier -- Volckmann, Richard -- Koster, Jan -- Schuhmann, Martin U -- Ebinger, Martin -- Grimes, H Leighton -- Robinson, Giles W -- Gajjar, Amar -- Mynarek, Martin -- von Hoff, Katja -- Rutkowski, Stefan -- Pietsch, Torsten -- Scheurlen, Wolfram -- Felsberg, Jorg -- Reifenberger, Guido -- Kulozik, Andreas E -- von Deimling, Andreas -- Witt, Olaf -- Eils, Roland -- Gilbertson, Richard J -- Korshunov, Andrey -- Taylor, Michael D -- Lichter, Peter -- Korbel, Jan O -- Wechsler-Reya, Robert J -- Pfister, Stefan M -- 5P30CA030199/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA096832/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA030199/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P41GM103504/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA159859/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jul 24;511(7510):428-34. doi: 10.1038/nature13379. Epub 2014 Jun 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2]. ; 1] Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0685, USA [2] Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [3]. ; 1] European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany [2]. ; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. ; 1] Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. ; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada. ; Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. ; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Department of Neuropathology, NN Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya 16, Moscow 125047, Russia. ; Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; Data Management Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, Berlin 14195, Germany. ; Division of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; 1] Division of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] Heidelberg Center for Personalised Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University SE, II.sz. Gyermekklinika, Budapest 1094, Hungary. ; 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, SE, II.sz. Gyermekklinika, Budapest 1094, Hungary. ; 1] Glioma Immunotherapy Group, Division of Neurosurgery, Lund University, Paradisgatan 2, Lund 221 00, Sweden [2] Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Paradisgatan 2, Lund 221 00, Sweden. ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno, Cernopolni 9 Brno 613 00, Czech Republic. ; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic. ; Department of Oncogenomics, AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, AZ Netherlands. ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tubingen University Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, Tubingen 72076, Germany. ; Division of Immunobiology, Program in Cancer Pathology of the Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Pathology, Program in Hematologic Malignancies of the Cancer and Blood Disease Insitute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 452229, USA. ; 1] Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA [2] Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. ; Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. ; Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany. ; Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn 53105, Germany. ; Cnopf'sche Kinderklinik, Nurnberg Children's Hospital, St-Johannis-Muhlgasse 19, Nurnberg 90419, Germany. ; Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Dusseldorf 40225, Germany. ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology & Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; 1] Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] Heidelberg Center for Personalised Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; 1] The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada [2] Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada. ; 1] Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] Heidelberg Center for Personalised Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; 1] European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany [2] EMBL, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Saffron Walden CB10 1SD, UK. ; 1] Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology & Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉