Publication Date:
2008-04-26
Description:
Polyploidy, a change whereby the entire chromosome set is multiplied, arises through mitotic or meiotic misdivisions and frequently involves unreduced gametes and interspecific hybridization. The success of newly formed angiosperm polyploids is partly attributable to their highly plastic genome structure, as manifested by tolerance to changing chromosome numbers (aneuploidy and polyploidy), genome size, (retro)transposable element mobility, insertions, deletions, and epigenome restructuring. The ability to withstand large-scale changes, frequently within one or a few generations, is associated with a restructuring of the transcriptome, metabolome, and proteome and can result in an altered phenotype and ecology. Thus, polyploid-induced changes can generate individuals that are able to exploit new niches or to outcompete progenitor species. This process has been a major driving force behind the divergence of the angiosperms and their biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leitch, A R -- Leitch, I J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):481-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1153585.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK. a.r.leitch@qmul.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Angiosperms/classification/*genetics/metabolism
;
Biodiversity
;
Biological Evolution
;
Chromosomes, Plant/genetics
;
Genetic Speciation
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*Genetic Variation
;
*Genome, Plant
;
Hybridization, Genetic
;
Nondisjunction, Genetic
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Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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*Polyploidy
;
Proteome
;
Transcription, Genetic
Print ISSN:
0036-8075
Electronic ISSN:
1095-9203
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Computer Science
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
