Publication Date:
2013-03-01
Description:
Bacteriophages (or phages) are the most abundant biological entities on earth, and are estimated to outnumber their bacterial prey by tenfold. The constant threat of phage predation has led to the evolution of a broad range of bacterial immunity mechanisms that in turn result in the evolution of diverse phage immune evasion strategies, leading to a dynamic co-evolutionary arms race. Although bacterial innate immune mechanisms against phage abound, the only documented bacterial adaptive immune system is the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins) system, which provides sequence-specific protection from invading nucleic acids, including phage. Here we show a remarkable turn of events, in which a phage-encoded CRISPR/Cas system is used to counteract a phage inhibitory chromosomal island of the bacterial host. A successful lytic infection by the phage is dependent on sequence identity between CRISPR spacers and the target chromosomal island. In the absence of such targeting, the phage-encoded CRISPR/Cas system can acquire new spacers to evolve rapidly and ensure effective targeting of the chromosomal island to restore phage replication.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587790/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587790/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seed, Kimberley D -- Lazinski, David W -- Calderwood, Stephen B -- Camilli, Andrew -- AI045746/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI055058/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI058935/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI045746/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI055058/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 28;494(7438):489-91. doi: 10.1038/nature11927.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23446421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Amino Acid Sequence
;
Bacteriolysis
;
Bacteriophages/*genetics/growth & development/*immunology/pathogenicity
;
Base Sequence
;
Biological Evolution
;
Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics
;
Gene Deletion
;
Genes, Viral/*genetics/immunology
;
Genome, Viral/genetics
;
Genomic Islands/genetics
;
*Immunity, Innate
;
Inverted Repeat Sequences/genetics
;
Molecular Sequence Data
;
Substrate Specificity
;
Vibrio cholerae/genetics/*immunology/*virology
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
