ALBERT

Description: The crystal chemical features of the bulk and the uppermost (001) surface layers of freshly cleaved surfaces of two trioctahedral Fe-rich mica-1 M (space group C 2/ m ) polytypes, i.e. a tetra-ferriphlogopite from an alkaline-carbonatitic complex near Tapira, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and an Fe 2+ -bearing phlogopite containing less tetrahedral Fe 3+ from the Kovdor carbonatite-bearing, alkaline-ultrabasic complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia, are explored here. Mineral-surface effects were investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and compared to the bulk structure derived from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Based on microprobe analysis and the X-ray study, the chemical formulae are $${}^{\left[\mathrm{XII}\right]}{({\mathrm{K}}_{0.\mathrm{99}})}^{[\mathrm{VI}]}{({\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.08}^{2+}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.15}^{3+}{\mathrm{Mg}}_{2.76}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.01})}^{\left[\mathrm{IV}\right]}({\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.82}^{3+}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3.18}){\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{1}0.\mathrm{37}}{\mathrm{F}}_{0.\mathrm{24}}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_{\mathrm{1}.\mathrm{39}}$$ and $${}^{\left[\mathrm{XII}\right]}{({\mathrm{K}}_{0.\mathrm{94}}{\mathrm{Na}}_{0.0\mathrm{6}})}^{[\mathrm{VI}]}{({\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.17}^{2+}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.05}^{3+}{\mathrm{Mg}}_{2.75}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.01}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.05})}^{\left[\mathrm{IV}\right]}({\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.16}^{3+}{\mathrm{Al}}_{0.84}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3.00}){\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{1}0.\mathrm{21}}{\mathrm{F}}_{0.\mathrm{35}}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_{\mathrm{1}.\mathrm{44}}$$ for tetra-ferriphlogopite and Fe-bearing phlogopite, respectively. The tetrahedrally coordinated sites of the two minerals differ, where Fe-for-Si substitution is at 20.5% in tetra-ferriphlogopite and at 4% in Fe-bearing phlogopite. The bulk study showed that Fe 3+ substitution increases the tetrahedral sheet thickness and the mean tetrahedral edge lengths in tetra-ferriphlogopite compared to Fe-bearing phlogopite. The tetrahedral rotation angle (α) changes remarkably from tetra-ferriphlogopite (α = 10.5°) to the Fe-bearing phlogopite (α = 8.5°), thus indicating a significantly greater initial lateral sheet misfit (leading to a greater tetrahedral ring distortion) between the tetrahedral and the octahedral sheets in the tetra-ferriphlogopite compared to Fe-bearing phlogopite. The Fe 3+ substitution for Si and the differences in lateral dimensions of the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets affect the tetrahedral flattening angle (), with = 109.9° for tetra-ferriphlogopite and = 110.7° for Fe-bearing phlogopite. The binding energy (BE) of photoelectron peaks in XPS is dependent on the chemical state of atoms and on their local environment at the near surface. The Mg in both phlogopites is bonded to F, with the BE of Mg 1s increasing as coordinated oxygen atoms are substituted by fluorine. For Fe-rich phlogopite (BE = 1306.8 eV), the binding energy is greater than for tetra-ferriphlogopite (BE = 1305.9 eV), and this is consistent with the bulk composition having greater F-for-OH substitution in Fe-rich phlogopite (F 0.35 vs . tetra-ferriphlogopite, F 0.24 atoms per formula unit).