Publication Date:
2012-05-31
Description:
Three general types of phase diagrams characterizing solid-liquid equilibria are relevant for solution crystallization: simple eutectic, intermediate compound-forming, and solid solution systems. Among these, a system capable to form solid solutions is very difficult to separate into its pure components. However, gradual fractional crystallization of two-component solid solutions in a solvent is of large interest for the production of highly purified substances. A few publications suggest separation opportunities based on exploiting a cascade of batch crystallizers. A model-based description of such a process by means of ternary phase diagrams is complicated. Due to the Gibbs phase rule there remains one degree of freedom in the region below the solubility curve, when temperature and pressure are fixed. This implies that the conodes, connecting one solid and one liquid state, do not converge into a pure component corner of the phase diagram. In this case, the specific courses of the conodes have to be determined experimentally. A simple empirical description of a phase diagram involving solid solutions is introduced and illustrated. Subsequently, a multistage crystallization process will be explained and modeled, based on the phase diagrams and the relevant mass balances. A system involving solid solutions is difficult to separate into its components. A few publications suggest separation opportunities based on a cascade of batch crystallizers but a model-based description of such a process is complicated. An empirical description of phase diagrams involving solid solutions is introduced, and modeling of a multistage crystallization process based on these phase diagrams is described.
Print ISSN:
0930-7516
Electronic ISSN:
1521-4125
Topics:
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
