ALBERT

Note: Contents Preface List of Contributors Section I. Floristics, Vegetation, and Primary Production Ia. Vascular Plants Ib. Nonvascular Plants 1. Introduction / LARRY L. TIESZEN Background Research Design and Site Selections Overview of the Barrow Ecological System References 2. Vegetation, Floristics, and Phytogeography of Northern Alaska / D. F. MURRAY Tundra Landscapes and Vegetation Floristics and Phytogeography Acknowledgments References 3. Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Vegetation and its Productivity / P. J. WEBBER Introduction and Site Overview Methods Results Discussion Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgments References 4. Seasonal Dynamics of Above- and Belowground Production of Vascular Plants at Barrow, Alaska / J. G. DENNIS , L. L. TIESZEN and M. A. VETTER Introduction Methods and Materials Results Discussion Acknowledgments References 5. Floristics, Phytogeography and Ecology of Arctic Alaskan Bryophytes / W. C. STEERE The Bryophyte Flora and its Floristic Elements Ecology and Physical Factors of the Environment Acknowledgments References 6. Composition and Bryomass of the Moss Layers of Two Wet-Tundra-Meadow Communities near Barrow, Alaska / J. R. RASTORFER Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgments References 7. The Role of Lichens in the Structure, Productivity, and Mineral Cycling of the Wet Coastal Alaskan Tundra / M. E. WILLIAMS , E. D. RUDOLPH , E. A. SCHOFIELD , and D. C. PRASHER Introduction Environmental Setting Lichen Occurrence Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments References 8. The Role of Algae in Tundra Soil / R. E. CAMERON , A. D. KNOX , and F. A. MORELLI Introduction Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments References 9. Ecto- and Endomycorrhizae of Arctic Plants at Barrow, Alaska / O. K. MILLER, JR. and G. A. LAURSEN Introduction Distribution of Ectomycorrhizae Distribution of Endomycorrhizae Distribution of Mycorrhizal Fungi Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Conclusions and Discussion Acknowledgments References Section II. Photosynthesis, Respiration and Water Relations. IIa. Plant and Community Photosynthesis IIb. Photosynthesis and Water Relations 10. Photosynthesis in the Principal Barrow, Alaska Species: A Summary of Field and Laboratory Responses / L. L. TlESZEN Introduction Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments References 11. Primary Production Processes in Arctic Bryophytes at Barrow, Alaska / W. C. OECHEL and B. SVEINBJÖRNSSON Introduction Field Research Site Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments References 12. Meteorological Assessment of CO2 Exchange Over an Alaskan Arctic Tundra / P. I. COYNE and J. J. KELLEY Introduction Theory Experimental Procedure Data Analysis Results Contents Discussion Acknowledgments References 13. Constraints on Tundra Productivity: Photosynthetic Capacity in Relation to Solar Radiation Utilization and Water Stress in Arctic and Alpine Tundras / M. M. CALDWELL, D. A. JOHNSON and M. FAREED Introduction Methods Results and Discussion Acknowledgments References 14. Some Aspects of Water Relations of Arctic and Alpine Regions / P. C. MILLER, W. A. STONER, and J. R. EHLERINGER Introduction Conceptual Framework Methods Results Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgments References 15. Radio-Tracer Measurement of Transpiration in Tundra Vegetation, Barrow, Alaska / J. J. KORANDA , B. CLEGG, and M. STUART Introduction Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments References 16. Simulation of the Effect of the Tundra Vascular Plant Canopy on the Productivity of Four Moss Species / W. A. STONER, P. C. MILLER, and W. C. OECHEL Introduction Simulation Models and Methods Results and Discussion Acknowledgments References Section III. Growth and the Allocation and Use of Mineral and Organic Nutrients IIIa. Growth and Organic Nutrient Allocation IIIb. Inorganic Nutrient Utilization, Response to Fertilization, and Nitrogen Fixation IIIc. Growth, Nutrient and Population Modeling 17. Translocation and Allocation of 14C-Photoassimilate by Dupontia fisheri / M. L. ALLESSIO and L. L. TIESZEN Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgments References 18. Growth, Turnover, and Respiration Rates of Roots and Tillers in Tundra Graminoids / W. D. BILLINGS, K. M. PETERSON, and G. R. SHAVER Introduction Methods Results Conclusions Acknowledgments References 19. The Interactions of Organic Nutrients, Soil Nitrogen, and Soil Temperature and Plant Growth and Survival in the Arctic Environment / B. H. MCCOWN Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgments References 20. Plant Nutrient Limitations of Tundra Plant Growth / A. ULRICH and P. L. GERSPER Introduction Methods Results and Discussion Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgments References 21. Phosphate Uptake and Nutrient Utilization by Barrow Tundra Vegetation / F. S. CHAPIN, III Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgments References 22. Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Carbohydrate and Nutrient Levels in Dupontia fisheri and Arctagrostis latifolia / J. D. MCKENDRICK, V. J. OTT , and G. A. MITCHELL Introduction Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments References 23. Nitrogen Fixation in Arctic and Alpine Tundra / V. ALEXANDER, M. BILLINGTON, and D. M. SCHELL Introduction Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments References 24. A Model of Plant Growth and Phosphorus Allocation for Dupontia fisheri in Coastal, Wet-Meadow Tundra / W. A. STONER, P. C. MILLER, and L. L. TIESZEN Introduction Description of the Model Results Discussion Acknowledgments References 25. A Model of Carbohydrate, Nitrogen, Phosphorus Allocation and Growth in Tundra Production / P. C. MILLER, W. A. STONER, L. L. TIESZEN , M. ALLESSIO, B. MCCOWN , F. S. CHAPIN, and G. SHAVER Introduction Results and Discussion Acknowledgments References 26. A Simulation Model of Population Processes of Arctic Tundra Graminoids / B. A. LAWRENCE , M. C. LEWIS , and P. C. MILLER Introduction The Model Methods of Simulations Validation Simulation Experiments Summary Acknowledgments References 27. Summary / L. L. TIESZEN Introduction Historical and Floristic Relationships Abiotic Relationships Spatial and Temporal Relationships Summary References Appendix: Checklists of Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Lichens for the Alaskan U.S. IBP Tundra Biome Study Areas - Barrow, Prudhoe Bay, Eagle Summit / BARBARA M. MURRAY AND DAVID F. MURRAY Introduction Checklists References Index