Call number:
ZSP-201-76/43
In:
CRREL Report, 76-43
Description / Table of Contents:
Ice fog generated at the Eielson AFB power plant cooling pond contributes heavily to the total ice fog problem on the base. Several methods for ice fog suppression were studied and two techniques were tested experimentally. Experiments were also conducted to determine the magnitude of the various modes of heat transfer within the pond's microclimate. Values of evaporative and radiative heat loss during ice fog are presented. Ice cover is shown to be an effective ice fog suppression technique. Monomolecular films are also shown to be effective and offer some unique advantages, such as ease of application and low overall cost. The heat normally lost to evaporation must be dissipated by other means during suppression. With the ice cover technique this is accomplished by melting the ice cover. During suppression with monomolecular films, the heat must be dissipated by increasing radiative and convective losses. The simplicity of application of monomolecular films, along with their lower cost, combine to make this technique attractive; however, the lower pond temperatures and increased suppression effectiveness weigh heavily in favor of the ice-cover technique.
Type of Medium:
Series available for loan
Pages:
viii, 86 Seiten
,
Illustrationen
Series Statement:
CRREL Report 76-43
URL:
https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9488
Language:
English
Note:
CONTENTS
Abstract
Preface
List of symbols
Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement
Introduction
Section I. Ice fog
Section II. Evaporation
Bowen's equation
Evaporation equation
Evaporation measurements during ice fog conditions
Evaporation measurements at Eielson Power Plant cooling pond
Data analysis
Section Ill. Radiation during ice fog
Brunt's equation
Ångström equation
Elsasser's equation
Cloud cover
Reflection
Field experimental results
Analysis of experimental results
Radiation equations for ice fog
Transmissivity of ice fog
Radiation model
Wind effect
Summary
Section IV. Convection
Convective heat transfer theory
Rotem and Claassen equation
Kay's approach
Russian approach
Analysis
Heat budget at the surface
Conclusions
Section V. Ice fog suppression techniques
Fans
Injection wells
Latent heat storage
Monomolecular films
Use of heated water from the cooling pond
Section VI. Latent heat storage experiments
Freezing rates
Cooling pond
Ice building
Ice growth rate -maximum system limitation
Evaporation heat loss -maximum
Realistic growth rate
Ice building techniques
Ice volume measurements
Melting experiments
Ice fog suppression considerations
Experimental results
Section VII. Recommendations and conclusions
Hexadecanol studies
Injection well suppression
Latent heat storage suppression
Comparison of approaches
Measurements of evaporation
Measurements of radiation loss
Convective heat losses
Ice fog suppression
Selected bibliography
Appendix A. Convective heat transfer coefficient from water to ice and from ice to air
Location:
AWI Archive
Branch Library:
AWI Library
