Call number:
9783030521714 (e-book)
Description / Table of Contents:
This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks. Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians.
Type of Medium:
12
Pages:
1 Online-Ressource (LVIII, 1748 Seiten)
,
Illustrationen
ISBN:
9783030521714
Series Statement:
Springer Handbooks
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52171-4
DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-52171-4
Language:
English
Note:
Contents
List of Abbreviations
List of Symbols
Part A Basics of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
1 Introduction to Atmospheric Measurements / Thomas Foken, Frank Beyrich, Volker Wulfmeyer
1.1 Measuring Meteorological Elements
1.2 History
1.3 The Structure of the Atmosphere
1.4 Devices, Systems, and Typical Specifications
1.5 Applications
1.6 Future Developments
1.7 Further Reading
References
2 Principles of Measurements / Wolfgang Foken
2.1 Basics of Measurements
2.2 History
2.3 Errors in Measurement
2.4 Regression Analysis
2.5 Time Domain and Frequency Domain for Signals and Systems
2.6 Dynamics of Measuring Systems
2.7 Analog and Digital Signal Processing
2.8 Hardware for Digital Measurement Systems
2.9 Further Reading
References
3 Quality Assurance and Control / Cove Sturtevant, Stefan Metzger, Sascha Nehr, Thomas Foken
3.1 Principles and Definition
3.2 History
3.3 Elements of Quality Management
3.4 Application
3.5 Future Developments
3.6 Further Reading
References
4 Standardization in Atmospheric Measurements / Simon Jäckel, Annette Borowiak, Brian Stacey
4.1 Background and Definitions
4.2 History
4.3 Principles and Procedures
4.4 Standardization in the Field of Atmospheric Measurements
4.5 Future Developments
4.6 Further Reading
References
5 Physical Quantities / Thomas Foken, Olaf Hellmuth, Bernd Huwe, Dietrich Sonntag
5.1 Selection of Parameters
5.2 History and Thermodynamic Standards
5.3 Units and Constants
5.4 Parameters of Air, Water Vapor, Water, and Ice
5.5 Parameterization of Optical Properties of Clouds
5.6 Absorption Coefficients for Water Vapor, Ozone, and Carbon Dioxide
5.7 Parameters of Soil
5.8 Time and Astronomical Quantities
5.9 Tables in Other Chapters
5.10 Future Developments
5.11 Further Reading
References
Part B In situ Measurement Techniques
6 Ground-Based Platforms / Olaf Kolle, Norbert Kalthoff, Christoph Kottmeier, J. William Munger
6.1 Principles of Platforms
6.2 History
6.3 Theory
6.4 Platforms and Sensor Installations
6.5 Specification
6.6 Quality Control and Safety
6.7 Maintenance
6.8 Applications
6.9 Future Developments
6.10 Further Reading
References
7 Temperature Sensors / Thomas Foken, Jens Bange
7.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
7.2 History
7.3 Theory
7.4 Devices and Systems
7.5 Specifications
7.6 Quality Control
7.7 Maintenance
7.8 Applications.
7.9 Future Developments
7.10 Further Reading
References
8 Humidity Sensors / Dietrich Sonntag, Thomas Foken, Holger Vömel, Olaf Hellmuth
8.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
8.2 History
8.3 Theory
8.4 Devices and Systems
8.5 Specifications
8.6 Quality Control
8.7 Maintenance
8.8 Application
8.9 Future Developments
8.10 Further Readings
References
9 Wind Sensors / Thomas Foken, Jens Bange
9.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
9.2 History
9.3 Theory
9.4 Devices and Systems
9.5 Specifications
9.6 Quality Control
9.7 Maintenance
9.8 Application
9.9 Future Developments
9.10 Further Reading
References
10 Pressure Sensors / Anni Torri, Thomas Foken, Jens Bange
10.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
10.2 History
10.3 Theory
10.4 Devices and Systems
10.5 Specifications
10.6 Quality Control
10.7 Maintenance
10.8 Application
10.9 Future Developments
10.10 Further Reading
References
11 Radiation Sensors / Klaus Behrens
11.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
11.2 History
11.3 Theory
11.4 Devices and Systems
11.5 Specifications
11.6 Quality Control
11.7 Maintenance
11.8 Applications
11.9 Future Developments
11.10 Further Reading
References
12 In-situ Precipitation Measurements / Arianna Cauteruccio, Matteo Colli, Mattia Stagnaro, Luca G. Lanza, Emanuele Vuerich
12.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
12.2 History
12.3 Theory
12.4 Devices and Systems
12.5 Specifications
12.6 Quality Control, Uncertainty, and Calibration
12.7 Maintenance
12.8 Application
12.9 Future Developments
12.10 Further Reading
References
13 Visibility Sensors / Martin Löffler-Mang, Klaus Heyn
13.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
13.2 History
13.3 Theory
13.4 Devices and Systems
13.5 Specifications
13.6 Quality Control
13.7 Maintenance
13.8 Application
13.9 Future Developments
13.10 Further Reading
References
14 Electricity Measurements / Giles Harrison, Alec Bennett
14.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
14.2 History
14.3 Theory
14.4 Devices and Systems
14.5 Specifications
14.6 Quality Control
14.7 Maintenance
14.8 Applications
14.9 Future Developments
14.10 Further Reading
References
15 Radioactivity Sensors / Jacqueline Bieringer, Thomas Steinkopff, Ulrich Stöhlker
15.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
15.2 History
15.3 Theory
15.4 Devices and Systems
15.5 Specifications
15.6 Quality Control
15.7 Maintenance
15.8 Application
15.9 Future Developments
15.10 Further Reading
References
16 Gas Analysers and Laser Techniques / Dwayne Heard, Lisa K. Whalley, Steven S. Brown
16.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
16.2 History
16.3 Theory
16.4 Devices and Systems
16.5 Specifications
16.6 Quality Control
16.7 Maintenance
16.8 Applications
16.9 Future Developments
16.10 Further Reading
References
17 Measurement of Stable Isotopes in Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Water Vapor / Ingeborg Levin, Matthias Cuntz
17.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
17.2 History of Stable Isotope Measurements in Atmospheric CO2, CH4 and H2O
17.3 Theory
17.4 Devices and Systems
17.5 Specifications
17.6 Quality Control
17.7 Maintenance
17.8 Application
17.9 Future Developments
17.10 Further Readings
References
18 Measurement of Fundamental Aerosol Physical Properties / Andreas Held, Alexander Mangold
18.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
18.2 History
18.3 Theory
18.4 Devices and Systems
18.5 Specifications
18.6 Quality Control
18.7 Maintenance
18.8 Application
18.9 Future Developments
18.10 Further Reading
References
19 Methods of Sampling Trace Substances in Air / Christopher Pöhlker, Karsten Baumann, Gerhard Lammel
19.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
19.2 History
19.3 Theory
19.4 Devices and Systems
19.5 Specifications
19.6 Quality Control
19.7 Maintenance
19.8 Application
19.9 Future Developments
19.10 Further Reading
References
20 Optical Fiber-Based Distributed Sensing Methods / Christoph K. Thomas, John Selker
20.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
20.2 History
20.3 Theory
20.4 Devices
20.5 Specifications
20.6 Quality Control
20.7 Maintenance
20.8 Applications
20.9 Future Developments
20.10 Further Reading
References
21 Odor Measurements / Ralf Petrich, Axel Delan
21.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
21.2 History
21.3 Theory
21.4 Devices and Systems
21.5 Specifications
21.6 Quality Control
21.7 Maintenance
21.8 Application
21.9 Future Developments
21.10 Further Readings
References
22 Visual Observations / Thomas Foken, Raymond Rülke
22.1 Principles of Visual Observations
22.2 History
22.3 Theory
22.4 Observed Parameters
22.5 Quality Control
22.6 Application
22.7 Future Developments
22.8 Further Readings
References
Part C Remote-Sensing Techniques (Ground-Based)
23 Sodar and RASS / Stefan Emeis
23.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
23.2 History
23.3 Theory
23.4 Devices and Systems
23.5 Specifications
23.6 Quality Control
23.7 Maintenance
23.8 Applications
23.9 Future Developments
23.10 Further Reading
References
24 Backscatter Lidar for Aerosol and Cloud Profiling / Christoph Ritter, Christoph Münkel
24.1 Measurement Prinziples and Parameters
24.2 History
24.3 Theory
24.4 Devices and Systems
24.5 Specifications
24.6 Quality Control
24.7 Maintenance
24.8 Applications
24.9 Further Reading
References
25 Raman Lidar for Water-Vapor and Temperature Profiling / Volker Wulfmeyer, Andreas Behrendt
25.1 Measurement Principles and Parameters
25.2 History
25.3 Theory
25.4 Devices and Systems
25.5 Specifications
25.6 Quality Control
25.7 Maintenance
25.8 Applications
25.9 Future Developments
25.10 Further Reading
References
26 Water Vapor Differential Absorption Lidar / Scott M. Spuler, Matthew Hayman, Tammy M. Weckwerth
26.1 Measurement Principles and Param
