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  • Articles  (318)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (318)
  • 1965-1969  (318)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 61-70 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectral fragmentations of stereoisomeric cyclohexane-1,2-diols, p-menthane-2,3-diols, 1-hydroxycarvomenthols and 4-hydroxymenthols are discussed.
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  • 2
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Examination of a large number of spectra indicates that bis-unsaturated compounds commonly undergo a skeletal rearrangement in which part or all or the bridging moiety is eliminated, often with concomitant loss of hydrogen atoms. The spectra of labeled azobenzene, diphenyl sulfide, and their p,p′-dimethyl derivatives show that scrambling of hydrogen atoms precedes or accompanies such rearrangements, in contrast to the loss of a p-methyl group from the latter derivatives. These results are rationalized in terms of the radical site formed on one unsaturated functional group attacking the polarizable π-electrons of the other unsaturated group.
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  • 3
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 167-168 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new type of ion detector has been developed that can be made to operate in two ways. It can detect all ions, or it can be made to detect only those within a preselected energy range. Its use on a mass spectrometer to examine the metastable spectra of cis- and trans-butenes is described.
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  • 4
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 169-187 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of guanidine and ten of its derivatives have been studied under both high and low resolution conditions. Evidence was detected for the migration of methyl groups, the formation of intermediate three-membered ring structures and decompositions involving expulsion of N. with release of kinetic energy.
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  • 5
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 199-204 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three isomeric compounds, I, II and III, were prepared and their mass spectra recorded. Comparisons of the spectra showed that the fragmentation of I proceeds only by way of II, and that II itself is transformed in part to III upon electron impact. It is suggested that selective ionization of each one of the two isolated functional groups in II may afford two isomeric radical ions, IIa and IIb. A possible interrelation to the photochemistry of these compounds is also discussed.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of long chain dicarboxylic acids, hydroxy acids, cyano acids, and terminal diols, dithiols and diamines have been examined. A number of fragmentation pathways involving rearrangement of partial or intact TMS groups between the termini or remote points in the chain have been determined, using deuterium and carbon-13 labeling, and high resolution mass spectrometry. Knowledge of the occurrence of functional group migrations of this type is essential to the correct interpretation of mass spectra of TMS derivatives, which are now in wide use in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. These data in addition provide further evidence for the general ability of remote functional groups to interact, by winding or coiling of long chains. A number of interesting doubly-charged ions are reported, in which the charges are reported, in which the charges are located at opposite ends of long chains, and for which no singly-charged counterparts are observed.
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  • 7
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 703-712 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of mono- and di-substituted alkyl and aryl imidazolines have been measured and the spectra analysed with the aid of deuterium labelling and high resolution techiques.In contrast to the fragmentation of thiazolines, all principal fragments of the imidazoline ring contain one nitrogen with or without hydrogen migration. In the case of 2,4-disubstituted imidazolines, the presence of two tautomeric molecular ions are suggested.
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  • 8
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 741-743 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The formation of 1,1-dimethoxy-alkyl rearrangement ions in the mass spectra of methyl ethers of linear diols, 1,2,3-triols and of derivatives of pentaglycerol and pentaerythritol has been investigated by deuterium labelling and mass measurements. Methoxy group migrations do not occur, or at least only to a small amount, in the mass spectra of the diol-dimethyl ethers. The mass spectra of methyl ethers of 1,2,3-triols exhibit characteristic peaks of the rearrangement ions +CH(OCH3)2 and +CR(OCH3)2. These ions arise by a 1,3-migration of a methoxy group, probably during a one step degradation of the molecular ion to give a molecule methyl alkenyl ether and a H-atom or alkyl radical as neutral fragments. Large peaks of the rearrangement ion +CH(OCH3)2 are observed in the mass spectra of compounds of the following type: A radical ion, formed by loss of HY from the molecular ion, rearranges by methoxy group migration in the mass spectra of these substances. Rearrangement by migration of hydroxy and acetoxy groups are also observed, but no migration of a Cl-atom.
    Notes: Die Bildung von 1,1-Dimethoxyalky-umlagerungsionen in den Massenspektren der Metyläther von linearen Diolen, 1,2,3-Triolen und Derivaten der verzweigten Polyole Pentaglycerin und Pentaerythrit wird mit Hilfe von Markierungen mit Deuterium und Massefeinbestimmungen untersucht. Methoxygruppenwanderungen treten in den Massenspektren der Dioldimethyläther nicht oder nur in sehr geringem Ausmaß auf. Die Massenspektren der 1,2,3-Trioltrimethyläther besizen aber charakteristische Peaks der umlagerungsionen +CH(OCH3)2 und +CR(OCH3)2. Diese Ionen entstehen durch eine 1,3-Wanderung einer Methoxygruppe, wahrscheinlich bei einem einstufigen Zerfall der Molekül-Ionen unter Bildung von Methyl-alkenyl-äther und H-Atom bzw. Alkylradikal als neutrale Fragmente. Gorße Peaks der Umlagerungsionen +CH(OCH3)2 werden in den Massenspektren von Verbindungen des Typs gefunde. Bei diesen Verbindungen wandert eine Methoxygruppe beim weiteren Zerfall von Radikal-Ionen, die durch Abspaltung von HY aus den Molekül-Ionen entstehen. Wanderungen von Hydroxy- und Acetoxy-Gruppen werden ebenfalls beobachtet, aber keine Wanderung von Cl-Atomen.
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  • 10
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 323-329 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: It is shown that in porphin derivatives the McLafferty rearrangement occurs preferentially in even electron systems, in fact with high relative abundance starting from M2+, but less favorably in ions formed by elimination of a radical. Starting from this observation the formulation of a general scheme for the McLafferty rearrangement is attempted.
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, daß in Porphin-Derivaten die McLafferty-Umlagerung bevorzugt in geradelektronischen Systemen abläuft. und zwar mit großer relative Häufigkeit ausgehend von M2+, jedoch weniger begünstigt in Ionen, die durch Radikalabspaltung entstanden sind. Von dieser Beobachtung ausgehend wird ein allgemeines Schema für die McLafferty-Umlagerung vorgeschlagen.
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  • 11
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 12
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 467-479 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mechanisms for the major fragmentations obtained with selected substituted uracils are discussed. Interpretation of data was facilitated by use of metastable peaks, high-resolution data, and low-voltage spectra.The major fragmentation obtained with N-alkyl substituted uracils, when the alkyl group contains 2 or more carbons, is due to cleavage of the alkyl substituent. This cleavage is accompanied by a rearrangement of 1 or 2 hydrogens from the alkyl group to the uracil ring. Possible mechanisms for the rearrangements are discussed. It was found that the molecular ion of 1- and 3-alkyl substituted uracils (where the alkyl group has 2 or more carbons) does not undergo the expected ‘retro Diels-Alder Reaction’. Instead, the odd-electron ion formed by loss of the alkyl substituent with a single hydrogen rearrangement undergoes this reaction (loses HNCO). Since it is formed as a secondary reaction product, the relative abundance of the ‘retro Diels-Alder’ fragment is low compared to what is obtained in the spectra of the simple uracils.The ‘retro Diels-Alder Reaction’ can be used to differentiate between 2- and 4-thiouracils, and between 1- and 3-methyl and phenyl substituted uracils. It was found that 1- and 3-alkyl substituted uracils (alkyl group of 2 or more carbons) can be differentiated by the mass of the M-alkyl fragment since the 3-substituted compounds give predominantly a double hydrogen rearrangement and the 1-substituted compound gives mainly a single hydrogen rearrangement. In addition the intensity of the molecular ion, relative to the M-alkyl ion, is considerably stronger in the 1-substituted uracils.
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  • 13
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 547-548 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deuterium labelling has been utilised to elucidate the mechanism by which a molecule of water is eliminated from a heterocyclic nitro compound under electron-impact.
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  • 14
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 483-485 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 15
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 467-481 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of a series of isatin, oxindole and 2-oxo-3-indolyl derivatives have been investigated using high resolution and deuterium labelling techniques. The fragmentations involve the sequential loss of a number of neutral molecules and the results show that the concept of charge localisation can be applied with success to explain the fragmentation processes even in these polyheteroatom species.
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  • 16
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 17
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 175-194 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of ten dehydration and solvolysis products obtained from β-amyrin and glycyrrhetic acid were studied. With the exception of those resulting from ‘backbone’ rearrangement, they exhibited conventional fragmentation due to the ring C chromophore, like the parent alcohols. Only those products with a contracted ring A suffered loss of an isopropyl radical. In the latter type, special fragmentation features were exhibited by the isopropylcyclopentene and by the isopropylidene products. These differences enabled the assignment of probable structures for two unknown derivatives.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The C8H9+-ion, formed from the molecular ions of 2-phenyl-1-bromoethane, 1-phenyl-1-bromoethane and of 1-phenyl-1-nitroethane by loss of the bromine atom and of the nitro group, splits off a molecule of acetylene after an almost complete randomization of hydrogens, as proved by deuteration. An eight-membered ring structure for the C8H9+-ion is proposed to explain these results.By loss of the nitro group from the molecular ions of 1-phenyl-1-nitropropane and of 1-phenyl-2-nitropropane the well-known phenylated cyclopropane ion3 (C9H11)+ is generated. Mass spectra of analogues, specifically deuterated in the side-chain, show that in this ion a randomization of hydrogen atoms in the cyclopropane ring as well as a hydride transfer from the cyclopropane ring to the phenyl cation occur.
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  • 19
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 893-900 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The main fragmentation sequences of glycollide and its homologues are initiated by fission of a CO—O bond, leading to the formation of fragment ions of low, m/e, such as [R1CO]+ and [CR1R2CCO]+. When a hydrogen atom is present on a ring carbon atom, 1,3 hydrogen migration occurs to produce [CHR2OH]+. In case where a ring carbon atom carries an alkylchain ≥ C2H5, a McLafferty rearrangement occurs with the adjacent carbonyl group. When both ring carbon atoms are dimethyl substituted, a 1,4 hydrogen migration must be invoked to account for the observed fragmentation sequence.
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  • 20
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 907-914 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of ortho substituents in nitrobenzence radical cation decompositions are discussed for non-interacting halogen substituents. These effects are distinct from those of the same substituents in the meta and para positions, and support previous indications that ring position identity is retained in nitrobenzene molecular ions. More importantly, the steric effect of the halo substituents may be gauged from these data; it indicates that several previously suggested mechanisms for the loss of NO must be reconsidered. The existence of steric effect in very well defined systems may be used as a structural tool in organic mass spectrometry.
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  • 21
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 933-933 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 22
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 953-963 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of thirty sydnoes have been interpreted; the types investigated include 3-aryl, 3-alkyl-, substituted 3-alkylsydnones; and bis sydnones. A characteristic fragmentation mode involves initial loss of NO and CO from the molecular ion, but peaks corresponding to alkylcarbonium ions dominate the spectra of 3-alkylsydnones; a cyclic mechanism is suggested for weak transitions involving loss of sydnone neutral molecule from the molecular ion. A mechanism is proposed for loss of chlorine radical from the molecular ion of 3-(2,4-dichlorophenethyl)sydnone. An unusual feature in the mass spectrum of trimethylenebis sydnone is rationalised on the basis of a precursor 1,2,3-oxadiazole ion. The effect of substituents in the aryl ring on the fragmentation of 3-arylsydnones is discussed.
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  • 23
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 997-1003 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of eight ferrocene derivatives containing C6F5, C6F5CO, C6F5CH2 or p-CH3OC6F4 groups attached to one or both cyclopentadienyl rings are described and discussed. In addition to features normally found in the mass spectra of ferrocene compounds, the migration of fluorine to the iron atom leads to the formation of ions such as [C5H4COFeF]+. The elimination of neutral FeF2 or C5H5FeF molecules is also found.
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  • 24
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1039-1039 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 25
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1037-1038 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 26
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 27
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 337-345 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cracking patterns of twenty five toluene-p-sulphonamides have been studied. In certain cases an abundant [M — SO2] ion is detected: the structural features associated with this phenomenon are discussed.
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  • 28
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 397-402 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Competing primary reactions by which 1-tetralone loses C2H4 and CO give rise to a doublet at mass 118 in the high-resolution mass spectrum corresponding to 96·4% C8H6O+ and 3·6% C9H10+, respectively. Study of the remainder of the spectrum however, suggests that these intensities constitute a poor measure of the relative importance of the two reaction paths. The C9H10+ ion evidently degrades more readily than C8H6O+, since an estimated 26% of the ions arising in these paths involve primary loss of CO. This estimate is supported by voltage dependence of the intensity distribution between the members of the doublet. As ionizing voltage is decreased, the intensity distribution is constant to about 20 volts, but between 20 and 10 volts the value for C9H10+ rises smoothly from about 3.5% to about 25%.
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  • 29
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1175-1177 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 30
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron-impact induced fragmentation of eight aziridinones has been studied by conventional as well as by high resolution mass spectrometry. All α-lactams exhibit a molecular ion. The major primary step, in the fragmentation, is the ejection of carbon monoxide from the molecular ion. Ions of the general formula R1—NC and R2R3C=O were found in the mass spectra of all α-lactams investigated. A skeletal rearrangement to rationalize these ions is proposed. The fragmentation of the molecular ion is affected by the N-substituent. Exact mass measurement and specific deuterium labeling indicate the absence of McLafferty rearrangement from either the N- or C-substituent.
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  • 31
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 537-542 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Contrary to previous suppositions, it appears that the produced by the loss of 2 CO from para-benzoquinones passes through the symmetry of not a substituted cyclobutadiene, but rather a substituted tetrahedrane, at least for inert R. The p-fluoro labeling technique is used to obtain this result.
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  • 32
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 583-592 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Skeletal rearrangement processes of the general type \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm ABC}^{\mathop {\rm + }\limits_{\rm .} } {\rm } \to {\rm AC}^{\mathop {\rm + }\limits_{\rm .} } {\rm + B} $\end{document} in which HCN is eliminated and also bond-forming reactions involving intramolecular aromatic substitution occur in aromatic azines upon electron impact. In addition, hydrogen rearrangements can lead to abundant benzonitrile and benzalimine molecular ions and their substituted analogues. The abundant [M—1] ions are predominantly formed by loss of the methine hydrogen preceded by complete scrambling of the aromatic and methine hydrogens. The similarities between the processes occurring in azines and those in anils, both in their normal bond cleavages and in some bond-forming reactions are emphasized.
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  • 33
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 613-615 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Migration of the heteroatom substituent is an important feature in the mass spectra of β-chloro- and β-hydroxy-ethyl aryl sulphones. In these compounds the migratory aptitude of the heteroatoms appears to be greater than that of the hydrogen atoms.
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  • 34
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 627-632 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fact that some αβ-unsaturated alcohols give mass spectra that bear some similarity with the corresponding saturated ketones is discussed, and the double hydrogen transfer necessary to accommodate this is examined by deuterium labelling.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectral fragmentation of thiosemicarbazone derivatives of some typical aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones has been rationalized using high resolution mass spectrometry supplemented by deuterium labeling. Thiosemicarbazone derivatives of carbonyl compounds yield mass spectra which have little in common with those generated by their semicarbazone analogs.
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  • 36
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 755-756 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectrum of CH3CH2CH2COOD shows no observable loss of C2H3D. This indicates for this compound that either the McLafferty rearrangement is concerted, or that the second step (olefin loss) is very fast in comparison to the reverse transfer of hydrogen back to the methylene radical.
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  • 37
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of tetronic acid and of a number of its derivatives are recorded and discussed. Where necessary, the composition of the fragment ions has been checked by high resolution mass measurements. Fragmentation of the molecular ion is explained in terms of the rupture of a bond attached to C-4, and the predominant routes for many of the compounds can be explained on the basis of two schemes, the first involving preliminary ketonisation of the molecular ion, followed by elimination of carbon monoxide, the second involving rupture of the C-4—R3 bond prior to elimination of carbon monoxide. Special structural features, however, provide alternative routes.
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  • 38
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 835-846 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of (π-C5H5)2Ti(C6F5)X (X = Cl and C6F5), C6F5Re(CO)5, RfFe(CO)2(π-C5H5) (Rf = C6F5, 4-HC6F4, and three isomeric H2C6F3), and C6F5Ru(CO)2(π-C5H5) are compared to those of C6F5X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) and the three isomers of C6F4H2. Significant differences occur, apparently depending on the relative thermodynamic stabilities of the various fragments which may be formed. Comparison of the mass spectra of pentafluorophenyl- and pentafluorobicyclo[2.2.0]hexa-2,5-dien-2-yl-Re(CO)5 show that similar ions are produced by both complexes, perhaps because of thermal isomerisation before ionisation.
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  • 39
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 907-909 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 40
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 913-914 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of esters of the general formula MeO2C·[CF2]n·CO2Me, n = 6 to 9, are reported and briefly discussed. Common features of the mass spectra are prominent peaks at [M — CO2], [M — CO2 — C2F4] and [M — CO2 — 2C2F4].
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  • 41
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 42
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A system is described in which computer techniques are used to carry out major steps in the procedure for interpretation of high-resolution mass spectral data. These steps include identification and evaluation of the molecular ion, neutral fragments lost from the molecular ion, and characteristic ion series, followed by elucidation of specific structural details using a sub-routine for the particular compound class selected. The technique shows promise of not only increasing the interpreter's efficiency, but of providing more specific and detailed structural information from the spectral data.
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  • 43
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 17-31 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of twenty-six commercially available medicinal phenothiazines have been determined at high resolution. In each compound, the side chain attached to the 10-position of the phenothiazine ring contains nitrogen and fission of the C—C bond α to this nitrogen gives in most cases the base peak. Some of the compounds are also substituted at the 2-position and this substituent generally remains intact, though some substituents such as acetyl, propionyl, methoxyl and methylthio can undergo fragmentation. Fragmentations fall into three groups; those which give ions representing a part of the side chain; those which give ions representing the intact phenothiazine ring with part of the side chain attached; those which give ions representing a partially fragmented ring system.
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  • 44
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 209-212 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of deuterated species shows that both the isomeric ions [CH2=SH]+ and [CH3—S]+ are formed in the ratio 2:1 from CH3SH; the ions [CH3CH=SH]+ and [CH3CH2S]+ in the ratio 0·8:1 from CH3CH2SH; and [CH2=OH]+ and [CH3—O]+ in the ratio 6·7:1 from methanol.The heats of formation of [CH3S]+ and [C2H5S]+ are of the order of 222 and 203 Kcal.mole-1 respectively. The isomeric ions cannot be distinguished on thermodynamic grounds.
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  • 45
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 355-365 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of five benzotriazinone derivatives are reported and the fragmentation mechanisms are discussed. That the first loss of 28 mass units is a nitrogen molecule appears to be characteristic of the molecules.
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  • 46
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 387-399 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The positive-ion mass spectra of the following organonitrogen derivatives of metal carbonyls are discussed: (i) The compounds NC5H4CH2Fe(CO)2C5H5, NC5H4CH2COMo(CO)2C5H5, NC5H4CH2W(CO)3C5H5, NC5H4CH2COMn(CO)4, C5H10NCH2CH2Fe(CO)2C5H5, (CH3)2NCH2CH2COFeCOC5H5 and (CH3)2NCH2CH2COMn(CO)4 obtained from metal carbonyl anions and haloalkylamines, (ii) The isocyanate derivative C5H5Mo(CO)3CH2NCO; (iii) The arylazomolybdenum derivatives RN2Mo(CO)2C5H5 (R = phenyl, p-tolyl, or p-anisyl); (iv) The compound (C6H5N)2COFe2(CO)6 obtained from Fe3(CO)12 and phenyl isocyanate; (v) The N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine complex (CH3)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)2W(CO)4. Further examples of eliminations of hydrogen, CO, and C2H2 fragments were noted. In addition evidence for the following more unusual processes was obtained: (i) Elimination of HCN fragments from the ions [NC5H4CH2MC5H5]+ to give the ions [(C5H5)2M]+ (M = Fe, Mo and W); (ii) Conversion of C5H5Mo(CO)3CH2NCO to C5H5Mo(CO)2CH2NCO within the mass spectrometer; (iii) Elimination of N2 from [RN2MoC5H5]+ to give [RMoC5H5]+; (iv) Novel eliminations of HNCO, FeNCO, and C6H5NC fragments in the mass spectrum of (C6H5N)2COFe2(CO)6; (v) Facile dehydrogenation of the N,N,N′,-N′-tetramethylethylenediamine ligand in the complex (CH3)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)2W(CO)4.
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  • 47
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1033-1035 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigation of metastable ion transitions shows, that spontaneous charge separations (loss of an electron from a cation) and ion-pair formations (loss of negative ions from positive ones)are taking place in conventional mass spectrometry. Such processes may be important factors in formation of doubly charged ions.
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  • 48
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1042-1042 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 49
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1067-1072 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper describes a direct appearance potential difference method, which is employed to determine, qualitatively, relative free radical stabilities. The method appears to be of general value since the starting materials (β-substituted N-ethylanilines) are relatively simple to prepare and because the dominant electron-impact reaction is the one which releases the free radical under investigation.
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  • 50
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problem of ion structure and energy is discussed briefly and attention directed to the existence of two types of structural information. Studies of ion formation reactions bear on the initial structure of the ion, whereas decomposition reactions relate to the ion at a later time, after structural rearrangement has had chance to occur. The desirability of conducting both types of investigation concurrently is emphasized. Of the available experimental methods at this time, kinetic measurements for formation studies and metastablel ion relative abundances for decomposition studies have been utilized, although other techniques may eventually prove preferable in the future. The [M - Y] reaction of a series of substituted benzyl substrates XC6H4CH2Y, where Y = OC6H5 and H, has been examined, and the present results are compared with previous work on ion structure and energy in this area, with the aim of evaluating the potential of the newer techniques.
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  • 51
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1117-1133 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The fragmentation behavior of derivatives of benzisothiazole-S-dioxide is discussed. A series of degradation processes typical for this class of compounds is observed whose relative importance, however, largely depends upon substituents present. Provided it is energetically favorable fragmentation of the substituents (frequently followed by expulsion of SO2) prevails, otherwise degradation of the heteroaromatic ring is observed (sometimes with rearrangements involving the SO2 group). No parallels between thermal and electron-impact induced rearrangements have been observed.
    Notes: Das Fragmentierungsverhalten von Derivaten des Benzisothiazol-S-dioxids wird diskutiert. Es läßt sich für die Verbindungsklasse eine Reihe von typischen Zerfallsreaktionen erkennen, deren relatives Gewicht jedoch stark von der Art der substitution abhängt. Soweit dies energetisch günstig ist, tritt bevorzugt Abbau des Substituenten (evtl. gefolgt von Verlust von SO2) auf, Anderenfalls Zerfall des heteroaromatischen Ringes. (u.U. erst nach Umlagerung im Bereich der SO2-Gruppe). parallelität zwischen thermischen und elektronenstoßinduzierten Umlagerungen wird nicht beobachtet.
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  • 52
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 391-395 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Production of NO+- and NO2+- intermediate complexes formed by nitration of aromatic compounds by means of ion-molecule reactions in the gas phase were attempted. The experiments were performed with benzene, pyridine and toluene respectively and with NO+, NO2+ CH3NO2+ and CH2ONO2+ als ‘nitration’ ions. Aromatic NO+-as well as NO2+-complexes were observed with varying reaction cross-sections. The determined lower limit of bonding energy of 16 kcal/mol for to be σ-complexes. This fact was regarded as additional support for the analogy between electrophilic substitution reactions and ion-molecule reactions.
    Notes: Es wurde versucht, die bei der Nitrierung von Aromaten entstehenden NO+-bzw. NO2+-Intermediärkomplexe durch Ion-Molekül Reaktionen in der Gasphase zu erzeugen. Die utersuchungen erfolgten am Benzol. Pyridin und Toluol mit NO+, NO2+ sowie CH3NO2+ und CH2ONO2+ als ‘Nitrierungs’-Ionen. Es ließen sich sowohl aromatische NO+-Komplexe anchweisen mit wechselndem reaktionsquerschnitt. Die ermittelten unteren Grenzen der Bindungsenergien von 16 kcal/Mol für den NO+-Komplex und 29 kcal/Mol für den NO2+-Komplex legen es nahe, die nachgewiesenen Komplexe asl σ-Komplexe anzusehe, was als weiterer Hinweis für Analogie von elektrophilen Substitutionsreaktionen und Ion-Molekül-Reaktionen gewertet wird.
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  • 53
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of 1-phenylethanol-1 and its analogues, specifically deuterated in the aliphatic chain, suggest that the [M—CH3]+ ion is represented partly by an α-hydroxybenzyl fragment. Moreover, the molecular ion loses successively - after scrambling of all hydrogen atoms, except those of CH3—a hydrogen atom and C6H6, generation the CH3CO+ ion.Diffuse peaks, found in the spectra of of 2-phenylethanol-1 and its analogues, specifically deuterated in the aliphatic chain and in the phenyl ring, show that the molecular ion loses C2H4O, possibly via a four-center mechanism, after an exchange of aromatic and hydroxylic hydrogens.Mass spectra of 1-phenylpropanol-2 and its analogues, specifically, deuterated in the aliphatic chain, demonstrate that in the molecular ion exclusively the hydroxyl hydrogen atom is transferred to one of the ortho-positions of the phenyl ring via a McLafferty rearrangement, generating the [M — C2H4O]+ ion. Furtherore, an eight-membered ring structure is proposed for the [M — CH3]+ ion to explain the loss of H2O and C2H2O from this ion after an extensive scrambling of hydrogen atoms.
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  • 54
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. iv 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 55
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 527-530 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using energetic considerations, ketonic structures are postulated for the [M—olefin]+ fragments derived from alkoxybenzenes, alkylthiobenzenes and 9-ethoxyanthracene. Experimentally determined heats of formation for the tautomeric molecular ions derived from anthrone and 9-anthrol differ by 37 Kcal. mole-1.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 519-525 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An ‘on-line’ mass spectrometer technique which permits the examination of the effects of radiation at short times has been used to study the radiolysis of methane by reactor radiation. The mass spectrometer used was the AEI MS-10. The experiments were carried out using the UTR-100 reactor at East Kilbride and the results using highly purified methane and methane with radical scavangers are described. With pure methane at 0·25% conversion, G-values of 0·36, 0·24, 0·07 and 0·03 were calculated for C3H8, C4H10, C5H12 and C6H14 respectively. No pressure-dependent reactions were observed in the pressure range 50 to 135 torr. The effects of radical scavengers were investigated and irradiation of methane containing 1 to 2% ethylene gave G-values for C2H6, C3H8, n-C4H10, iso-C4H10, C5H12 plus C6H14, C2H2, C3H6, C4H8 and C5H10 of 1·33, 2·02, 2·03, 0·35, 0·34, 0·30, 0·37, 0·90 and 0·31. The effects of adding 1 to 2% propylene and 1 to 2% oxygen were also examined and the results are described in the paper. Experiments with smaller quantities of oxygen emphasize the importance of removing all oxygen from the system before radiolysis begins. The paper then goes on to discuss in some detail the processes involved in the radiolysis of methane and concludes with suggestions for future work.
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  • 57
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some esters of γ, δ-unsaturated or β-arylsubstituted acids undergo a peculiar transformation under electron-impact including an elimination of the alcohol residue as a radical R. with the following loss of the ketene molecule. One of the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group enters an ion which is formed from an unsaturated part of the molecule. The possible mechanism of this reaction and the influence of structural modifications on the course of this process are discussed.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 915-917 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron-impact induced loss of CO2 from phthalanil and 4-phthalimidobiphenyl is paralleled by the formation of large amounts of CO2 on pyrolysis. CO is also a major pyrolysis product, but the loss of CO from these compounds under electron-impact is not an important fragmentation process.The mass spectra of meta and para-chlorophthalanils show prominent [M — CO2] peaks but the corresponding peak for the ortho isomer is of relatively low intensity. CO and CO2 are the principal gaseous products of the thermal decomposition of o-chlorophthalanil.
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  • 59
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 136-136 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 60
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the α-cleavage processes of aliphatic amines (using RLCH2N(R)CH2Rs and RLCH(NR)RsRL represents the larger Rs the smaller alkyl group throughout this paper and both, unless indicated to the contrary, have similar degrees of lsubstitution on the α-carbon atom. as typical substrates) at several ionizing voltages indicates that the loss ratio of large and small alkyl radicals, [M — RL]/[M — Rs], decreases with ionizing voltage. This ratio, greater than 1·0 at 70 eV, may become less than unity at low voltage (15 eV, 10 eV) in some cases. Comparison of similarly structured compounds with nitrogen or oxygen as the heteroatom suggests that the effects of ionizing voltage are lessened when the fragment is of greater stability (e.g. amine vs. ether or imine vs. ketone). The effects of lowering the ionizing voltage became much less pronounced as the alkyl groups become larger or similar in size.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 655-656 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 62
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Based on the element maps of twenty-two gibberellin methyl esters fragmentations are discussed, which are characteristic of the common structural features as well as structural modification in gibberellin homologues.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 865-876 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: In contrast to the olefins I and II, olefins alkylsubstituted at the double-bond(III to IX) suffer no isomerization by hydrogen migration before fragmentation occurs. Almost the only degradation-reaction of the molecular ions of the olefins III to VIII is the McLafferty-rearrangement. From the isomers III and IV, respectively V and VI, the same McLafferty-rearrangement product is formed, therefore the spectra are nearly identical.A general scheme for the occurrence of identical mass spectra of isomeric compounds is given.The olefin IX in which the McLafferty-rearrangement is not possible shows preferential cleavage of the ally1 bond. If the chain contains a futher alky-substituent, bond-rupture at the branched c-atom competes with the McLafferty-rearrangement.
    Notes: Im Gegensatz zu den Olefinen I und II unterliegen die an der Doppelbindung alkylsubstituierten Olefine II bis IX keiner der Bruchstückbildung vorausgehenden Isomerisierung unter Wasserstoffwanderung. Bei den Olefinen III bis VIII ist die McLafferty-Umlagerung die nahezu einzige Abbaureaktion der Molekülionen. Aus den Isomeren III und IV bzw. V und VI entsteht das gleiche McLaffetty-Abbauprodukt, so daß die Spektren praktisch identisch sind.Es wird ein allgemeingültiges Schema für das Auftreten identischer Massenspektren isomerer Verbindungen angegeben.Ein Olefin der Struktur IX, bei dem die McLaffetty-Umlagerung nicht möglich ist, zeigt bei Electronenbeschuß vorzugsweise. Befindet sich ein weiterer Alkylsubstitutent in der Kette, so tritt als Konkurrenzreaktion zur McLaffety-Umlagerung der Bindungsbruch an der Verzweigungsstelle ein.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photoionization, as well as the electron-impact, mass spectra of exo-and endo-norbornyl bromide and of exo-and endo-8-bromobicyclo[3.2.1]octane show that exo-Br loss is more facile than endo-Br loss in formation of C7H11⊕ and C8H13⊕, respectively. The relative intensity values are compared with solvolysis data from the same systems.
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  • 65
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 985-995 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An investigation of competing metastable transitions in the mass spectra of ethylene ketals RSRLC(OCH2)2 (where RL is a larger n-alkyl group than RS) has established that in most cases RS is lost with a lower activation energy than RL. This technique has also been applied to ketones RSRLC=O, to show again that RS is usually lost with the lower activation energy (thus supporting earlier data based on relative daughter ion abundances at the threshold). In the classes of compounds so far investigated, although [M+ - RS] ions are formed with lower activation energies than [M+ - RL] ions, the ion yield of [M+ - RS] ions is anomalously low from ions of high internal energy. Factors which may influence the [M+ - RS]/[M+ - RL] ratio of daughter ion intensities are examined. It is suggested that at the threshold [M+ - RS] and [M+ - RL] ions may be formed with rearrangement, or from an electronic state that cannot be effectively populated from molecular ions of high internal energies.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Notes: The major fragmentation paths of the 1-(2-thienyl)alkylalkanones ionized by electron impact are delineated by means of isotopically labeled molecules, metastable ion peaks and low ionization voltage data. A prominent process is cleavage of the bond beta to the carbonyl group with the concurrent rearrangement of a hydrogen atom. Another important process is cleavage alpha to the carbonyl group to produce the thienoylium ion analogous to the benzoylium ion. As expected, the data show that increasing the chain length by two methylene groups increases the total ion current. The bulk of this increase is found in the increased ion current of the rearrangement ion with the remainder being associated with alkyl fragments and oxygenated ion species.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 279-280 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969) 
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  • 69
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 295-303 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High-precision line measurements and tickling were shown to yield information, often not accessible, on the assignment and signs of spin coupling constants. For pentafluorothiophenol-d, this information was obtained for the three meta-JFF's. Relative to C6F5SH, the 19F resonances in C6F5SD experienced an upfield ‘isotope’ shift.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 281-293 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have examined the 19F NMR spectra of a number of oxygen-containing fluorocarbon products and obtained a comprehensive set of 19F chemical shift values, which enabled us to determine the influence of an oxygen atom bonded to a fluorocarbon group on the 19F chemical shift. The influence of neighbouring fluorocarbon groups, either directly connected or separated by an oxygen atom, was also considered.Our results may be summarized as follows. An oxygen atom bonded by a single bond (ether type bond) to a fluorine substituted carbon atom decreases the 19F chemical shift, as does the introduction of a further fluorine atom. Considering two adjacent fluorocarbon groups, a variation of x ppm in the 19F chemical shift of one of the two groups gives a variation of 0·12 x ppm in the opposite sense on the 19F chemical shift of the other group. If the two groups are connected by an ether oxygen atom, the effect is only about 0·06 x ppm.
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  • 71
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: NMR spectral parameters are reported for benzofurazan, 1,2,3- and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, and 1-methyl- and 2-methyl-benzotriazole. The coupling constants are discussed in connection with the aromaticity of these compounds and the occurrence of partial bond fixation.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969) 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 1-1 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 2-2 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 344-344 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 343-344 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969) 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 345-349 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to determine the effect of a single methyl group on the chemical shifts of protons in a cyclohexane ring, methylcyclohexane-1,2,3,3,5,5,-d6 has been synthesized. The protons in the 4-position and the 2,6-equatorial protons are not significantly different from those in ring-frozen cyclohexane. The 2,6-axial protons, however, experience an up-field shift of about 15 Hz from the position of the other axial protons. These observations are discussed in terms of the structure of methylcyclohexane.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 375-388 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance (F-NMR) has been used to determine dissociation constants for multipolar complexes formed by several p-substituted fluorobenzenes in CCl4 and cyclohexane at 25°. Data in CCl4 were also obtained at -20°. The results are interpreted in simplified terms as dipole-dipole interactions which lead to a complex of net zero dipole moment. Although the dissociation constants are not of high accuracy, the values obtained do indicate that both polarity and steric effects are important in the presumed multipolar complexes.
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  • 80
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The proton magnetic resonance spectrum of acetyl-cyclobutadiene-irontricarbonyl has been measured including all observable 13C—H-coupling constants. The couplings are assigned and discussed with respect to structure and bonding properties of the molecule. The results exclude the structure of a cyclic conjugated diene with alternating double and single bonds.
    Notes: Das Protonenresonanz-Spektrum des Acetyl-cyclobutadien-eisentricarbonyls wurde einschließlich aller beobachtbaren 13C—H-Kopplungskonstanten vermessen. Die Kopplungen warden zugeordnet und im Hinblick auf Molekülstruktur und Bindungsverhältnisse diskutiert. Auf Grund der Messungen kann die Struktur eines cyclisch-konjugierten Diens mit alternierenden Doppel- und Eingachbindungen ausgeschlossen warden.
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  • 81
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ΔH
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 481-489 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies of line width and chemical shift vs. temperature for amide and hydroxyl proton magnetic resonance signals from: barbituric acid, dialuric acid, parabanic acid, alloxan and alloxan monohydrate dissolved in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 are reported. The behavior of the amide signals shows that, between 20 and 65°C, none of the compounds listed exhibits lactim-lactam tautomerism. The amide proton resonance in uracil has also been investigated. The signal is a closely spaced, equal intensity, doublet due to the non-equivalence of H(1) and H(3). Again, no evidence of tautomerism is observed. Activation energies for the hydroxyl resonances in dialuric acid and alloxan monohydrate indicate hydrogen bonding between solute and solvent. The results of simple LCAO-MO calculations are in accord with the experimental conclusions concerning tautomeric equilibria.
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  • 83
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of nine bridged polycyclic chlorinated pesticidal compounds have been investigated, and fragmentation modes to account for the more abundant ions are postulated. The principal features of the spectra are ions corresponding to a set of retro-Diels-Alder decompositions, ions resulting from successive losses of Cl, HCl, or both, ions produced by combinations of a retro-Diels-Alder process with a preliminary or subsequent loss of Cl or HCl, and ions whose processes of formation more specifically involve the epoxide group.
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  • 84
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. xi 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 425-445 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An investigation of the mass spectra of substituted benzophenones has shown that a number of rearrangement processes are operative. The rearrangements have been shown to involve solely the ortho-substituents to the carbonyl group and in many cases the carbonyl oxygen atom itself participates in the processes. Deuterium labelling experiments combined with data obtained from accurate mass and metastable analysis have enabled the probable mechanisms of rearrangement and fragmentation to be elucidated. An understanding of these processes should greatly assist in the location of substituents in unknown benzophenones.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 459-465 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of B substituted 2,5-dimethyl cyclotetrazenoboranes have been studied. The compounds Me2N4BD, Me2N4BEt, Me2N4BVi, Me2N4BCl and Me2N4BBr give confirmatory evidence that loss of N2+H. from the system occurs by loss of H from the side chain and that the B—R bond is very stable under electron impact conditions. Fragmentation proceeds in a similar fashion to that of the 2,5-dimethyl substituted compounds with H bonded to the boron atom.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968) 
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 761-775 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of two fungal metabolites, aspertetronin A and B, have been examined in conjunction with a series of tetronic acids and related compounds, and as a result the major modes of fragmentation of the tetronic acid ring system have been determined. Several substituent dependent rearrangements have also been recognised during this investigation which should prove useful in the structural elucidation of unknown compounds.
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    Notes: The mass spectra of three methoxypulvic dilactones, four methyl esters of methoxypulvic acids and five methyl ethers of pulvic acid derivatives have been measured and rationalised employing accurate mass measurements and metastable peak assignments to substantiate the proposed fragmentations and rearrangements. In particular, the mass spectral differences and similarities between the isomeric methoxypulvic dilactones, between their methanolysis products and between the isomeric methyl ethers, are rationalised.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of twenty three azetidines and seventeen 2-azetidinones are reported and discussed. The majority of spectra contain molecular ions. Fragmentation modes are largely dependent upon the substitution pattern and involve specific cleavage of the four-membered ring. Several hydrogen rearrangement reactions occur, and in some cases, cis and trans isomers may be distinguished by large differences in the relative abundances of certain fragment ions.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 910-912 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The loss of HCN and DCN from 2,4,6-d3-phenyl isocyanide is preceded by H/D randomization in the large majority of k-states which could be sampled in this study.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 918-918 
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 121-134 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: As a result of high resolution mass measurements, calculation of metastable ions, and investigation of specifically deuterated compounds the fragmentation is discussed of some α-substituted N-methyl benzylamides containing different N-acyl groups. α-Cleavage leads to the formation of N-methyl α-acylamino carbon ions which show skeletal rearrangement. The intensity of the rearranged ions depends on the structure of the N-acyl group. Migration of the α-methyl group is observed in the mass spectra of N-acetyl and N-p-Cl-benzoyl N-methyl-α-phenylethylamide.
    Notes: Der massenspektrometrische Zerfall einiger α-substituierter N-Methylbenzylamide mit verschiedenen N-Acylgruppen wird anhand der Ergebnisse aus hochauflösender Massenbestimmung, Berechnung der metastabilen Ionen Untersuchung spezifisch deuterierter Verbindungen diskutitert. Dabei wird die Strukturumlagerung der durch α-Spaltung entstandenen N-Methyl-α-acylaminocarboniu-Ionen nachgewiesen. Sie ist von der Art der N-Acylgruppe abhängig. In den Massenspektren von N-Acetyl-bzw. N-p-Cl-Benzoyl-methyl-α-phenyläthylamid wird die Wanderung der α-Methylgruppen beobachtet.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 331-333 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a series of straight chain aliphatic ketones which has been studied, it has been shown that the structural requirement for loss of water from the molecular ions produced by electron-impact is an alkyl group of seven or more carbon atoms attached to the carbonyl function.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 367-373 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of dunnione (II) from 2-hydroxynaphtha-1,4-quinone has been improved and used to prepare three deuteriated analogues. The mass spectra of these compounds and of the products of their reductive acetylation and deuterioacetylation have been measured and used to interpret the mass spectrum of atrovenetin.
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    Notes: The mass spectra of thioglycollic acids and esters are reported and discussed. The spectra of compounds of the type X·CH(Y)·S·CH2·COOR(X 〉 Y) contain skeletal rearrangement fragments with the composition R·Y·C2H3SO+. Ions produced by simple cleavage processes may be usefully correlated with structure.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 417-423 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The most prominent ion in the mass spectra of C6F5CH2X (X = H, Br, CH:CH2, COCl, and CH2C6F5) is C7F5H2+, formulated as the pentafluorotropylium cation. This ion is also found, in an amount comparable to the parent ion, in the spectrum of (C6F5)2CH2. The heptafluorotropylium cation is found similarly in the spectrum of C6F5CF3. The mass spectra of (C6F5)2CHBr and [(C6H5)2CH]2 exhibit an ion C13F10H+ as the base peak, which is probably a pentafluorophenylpentafluorotropylium cation.The alcohol (C6F5)2CHOH shows loss of C6F5, followed by 2H, as a major breakdown pathway.The mode of formation, and the subsequent fragmentation, of the major ions in these spectra, are discussed.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 447-458 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An investigation of the mass spectra of a number of substituted diphenyl ethers has shown that the major fragment ions are commonly due to cleavage of the molecule into the two benzene ‘half’ fragments although in many cases the molecular ion is the most abundant species observed.Little evidence is seen of M—CO or M—CHO peaks in these molecules but a large number of different rearrangement processes have been observed which involve ortho-substituents. These rearrangement ions, although in some cases not very abundant, can be diagnostic in the problem of locating substituents in the diphenyl ether nucleus.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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