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  • 1
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    Springer
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: n/a
    Description: Published
    Description: 125-127
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Core-mantle boundary topography ; Seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
    Keywords: Biomass conversion ; Biotechnology ; Chemical Engineering ; Chemistry industry ; Industrial Chemistry ; Kent ; Riegel ; biochemical engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Substantially revising and updating the classic reference in the field, this handbook offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. No other source offers as much data on the chemistry, engineering, economics, and infrastructure of the industry. The Handbook serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. It provides not only the underlying science and technology for important industry sectors, but also broad coverage of critical supporting topics. Industrial processes and products can be much enhanced through observing the tenets and applying the methodologies found in chapters on Green Engineering and Chemistry (specifically, biomass conversion), Practical Catalysis, and Environmental Measurements; as well as expanded treatment of Safety, chemistry plant security, and Emergency Preparedness. Understanding these factors allows them to be part of the total process and helps achieve optimum results in, for example, process development, review, and modification. Important topics in the energy field, namely nuclear, coal, natural gas, and petroleum, are covered in individual chapters. Other new chapters include energy conversion, energy storage, emerging nanoscience and technology. Updated sections include more material on biomass conversion, as well as three chapters covering biotechnology topics, namely, Industrial Biotechnology, Industrial Enzymes, and Industrial Production of Therapeutic Proteins.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 1562 pages)
    ISBN: 9780387278438
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Springer
    In:  Norwell, Springer, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN: 3-540-26532-5, XVI + 208 p. 72 illus.)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: FractureT ; Seismology ; Geoelectrics ; Electromagnetic methods/phenomena ; Geothermics ; Non-linear effects ; Dynamic ; Earth ; system ; geophysics ; Inhomogeneity ; scaling
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  • 4
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    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Dordrecht, Springer, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 145-168, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: paleo ; Seismicity ; Fault zone ; DSTF ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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  • 5
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    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, London, Springer, vol. 201, no. XVI:, pp. 169-184, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Finite Element Method ; Modelling ; Three dimensional ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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  • 6
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    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Dordrecht, Springer, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 47-65, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Non-linear effects ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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  • 7
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    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Arnsberg-Neheim, Springer, vol. 10, no. 87-17, pp. 69-94, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; hot ; spots ; GeodesyY ; Tomography ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania
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  • 8
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    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Perspectives in Modern Seismology, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 1-12, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Bucharest ; Romania ; Earthquake risk
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  • 9
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    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 479-480, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake ; China ; Project report/description ; Seismology ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 10
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    In:  Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 487-494, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Project report/description ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 11
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    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 22, no. 16, pp. 453-460, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Japan ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Tsunami(s) ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 12
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    Springer
    In:  Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, vol. 98, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 1-4020-1592-5)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: digital signal analysis (also DSP) ; DSP ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; earthquake ; warning ; Seismic networks ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Location ; Detectors ; Time series analysis ; Seismology
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  • 13
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    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Methods and Applications of Signal Processing in Seismic Network Operations, Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, vol. 98, no. 16, pp. 131-148, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: digital signal analysis (also DSP) ; DSP ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; earthquake ; warning ; Seismic networks ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Location ; Detectors ; Time series analysis ; Seismology ; Boedvarsson ; Bodvarsson
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  • 14
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    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1002, no. 231, pp. 441-446, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Seismology ; Seismic networks ; Real time earthquake monitoring ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 15
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    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 425-431, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismology ; Mexico ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 16
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    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Methods and Applications of Signal Processing in Seismic Network Operations, Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, vol. 98, no. 16, pp. 149-172, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: digital signal analysis (also DSP) ; DSP ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Seismic networks ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Location ; Detectors ; Time series analysis ; Seismology
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  • 17
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    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 228, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismicity ; warning ; time ; Seismology ; micro-zonation ; Seismic networks ; Project report/description ; Rapid damage assessment ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; monitoring ; Kueppers ; Kuppers ; Stefansson ; SIL
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  • 18
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    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 14B, no. 16, pp. 465-469, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 19
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    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 471-477, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Romania ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Karlsruhe ; Kueppers ; Kuppers ; SFB ; 461
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  • 20
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    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 462-464, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Real time earthquake monitoring ; Seismicity ; Seismology ; China ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 21
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    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. Memoir 157, no. 1, pp. 433-440, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Turkey ; Seismicity ; warning ; time ; Seismology ; micro-zonation ; Seismic networks ; Project report/description ; Rapid damage assessment ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; monitoring ; Isikara ; Yalcin ; Kueppers ; Kuppers ; Erguenay ; Ergunay
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  • 22
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    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. Memoir 157, no. 1, pp. 527-532, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Indonesia ; Java ; Seismicity ; warning ; time ; Seismology ; Seismic networks ; Project report/description ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; monitoring ; Kueppers ; Kuppers ; Luehr ; Luhr
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  • 23
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    Springer
    In:  Heidelberg, Springer, vol. 113, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 1-56670-263-3)
    Publication Date: 1999
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake hazard ; KTB ; ICDP ; IOcean Drilling Program ; climate ; Antarctica ; Nuclear explosion ; Volcanology ; GeodesyY ; satellites ; remote ; sensing ; gas ; hydrates ; Geothermics ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; potable ; water ; waste ; soils ; evolution ; Geol. aspects ; geotechnics ; Engineering geophys. ; ores
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment 57 (1998), S. 101-109 
    ISSN: 1435-9537
    Keywords: Key words Assisi Earthquake ; Seismology ; Historic buildings ; Umbria-Marche ; Seismic microzonation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La sequence sismique de septembre–octobre 1997 qui a affecté l'une des régions historiques les plus importantes d'Italie Centrale a mis en évidence que l'impact économique des tremblements de terre de magnitude modérée peut être considérable. En ce qui concerne la vulnerabilité du patrimoine artistique et architectural, on a constaté que des trésors inestimables pouvaient subir des dégâts importants même lors de secousses modérées. On attire l'attention sur le fait qu'un microzonage sismique ne pourra être efficace que si l'on prend en compte non seulement l'activité sismique passée mais aussi l'historique des développements urbains.
    Notes: Abstract  The September–October 1997 seismic sequence in one of the most important historic areas of Central Italy showed that the economic impact of earthquakes of only moderate magnitude can be high. In view of the vulnerability of the artistic and architectural heritage, priceless treasures in such towns as Assisi are very susceptible to damage as a consequence of such seismic events. Attention is drawn to the fact that for seismic microzonation to be effective, it is essential that not only the past seismic activity but also the history of the urban developments is taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion detection and recognition ; Seismology ; Remote sensing ; Radioactivity ; Ionospheric effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on a joint meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society's Joint Association for Geophysics and VERTIC (the Verification Technology Information Centre) held in London in 1992. The topics presented focused on the detection and recognition of underground nuclear explosions. The objective of the meeting was to emphasize the multi-methodological approach that is important in verifying compliance with test-ban treaties. An overview of seismological monitoring was followed by a discussion of the technical and scientific aspects of a global seismic monitoring network, and in particular of the 1991 experiment to test the large-scale international exchange of seismic data between recording stations and data centres world-wide. The current capabilities of satellite remote-sensing were presented, and their use explained in terms of both the provision of information for monitoring the development of foreign nuclear testing programmes and also for providing sufficient information for the evaluation of treaty compliance. A review of radio-isotope sampling showed how the isotopic signature of both air and ground based sampling programmes can be diagnostic of the nuclear source. Finally, previously classified research on the ionospheric effects of underground nuclear explosions was presented, the generated acoustic waves disturbing the ionosphere and producing detectable changes in the reflection of radio and radar signals which have potential as a monitoring technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 76 (1994), S. 703-723 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Seismology ; migration ; scalar wave equation ; parallel computing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Prospecting for oil and gas resources poses the problem of determining the geological structure of the earth's crust from indirect measurements. Seismic migration is an acoustic image reconstruction technique based on the inversion of the scalar wave equation. Extensive computation is necessary before reliable information can be extracted from large sets of recorded data. In this paper a collection of “industrial” migration techniques, each giving rise to a data parallel algorithm, is outlined. Computer simulations on synthetic seismic data illustrate the problem and the approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 135 (1991), S. 61-75 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; seismic networks ; artificial intelligence ; expert systems ; automatic interpretation ; seismic event detection ; data compression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The focus-of-attention techniques implemented in SNA2, a knowledge-based system for seismogram interpretation, are presented. They consist of data compression of the input digital records, scanning of the compressed traces to detect candidate seismograms and extraction of seismogram features. A criterion is given to rate the clarity of seismograms; the clarity defines the order in which the system will consider them to build up the interpretation. The proposed techniques are simple and fast; they allow quick rejection of noise and focussing the attention of the system on the portions of traces containing relevant information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 134 (1990), S. 79-92 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; earthquake prediction ; self-similarity ; algorithm CN ; Central Italy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Time of Increased Probability (TIP) for the occurrence of a strong earthquake is determined in Central Italy. This is done with an algorithm that has been successfully applied in other regions of the world (algorithm CN, from the initials of California and Nevada, where the first diagnoses of TIPs were made). The use of normalized functions allows direct application of the orginal algorithm to the new region being studied, without anyad hoc adjustment of the parameters. Retrospective analysis carried on until 1986 shows that TIPs occupy 26 percent of the total time considered and precede four out of five strong earthquakes. Forward monitoring indicates the possible existence of a TIP started in May 1988. Several tests indicate that the results obtained are quite stable, even when using catalogues from different agencies. Apart from obvious practical interest, this research is essential for the worldwide investigation of self-similarity in the origin of strong earthquakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
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    In:  Amsterdam, 394 pp., Springer, vol. 46, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN: 0-387-30752-4)
    Publication Date: 1990
    Description: Consisting of more than 150 articles written by leading experts, this authoritative reference encompasses the entire field of solid-earth geophysics. It describes in detail the state of current knowledge, including advanced instrumentation and techniques, and focuses on important areas of exploration geophysics. It also offers clear and complete coverage of seismology, geodesy, gravimetry, magnetotellurics and related areas in the adjacent disciplines of physics, geology, oceanography and space science.
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Geodesy ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Electromagnetic methods/phenomena ; Applied geophysics ; PlanetologyT
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  • 30
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    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 159, no. 22, pp. 662-664, (ISBN 0-470-87000-1 (HB), ISBN 0-470-87001-X (PB))
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake ; Textbook of geophysics
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  • 31
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    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, ASST'87, Berlin, Springer, vol. 81A, no. 16, pp. 347-350, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Detectors ; Seismology ; Pattern recognition
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  • 32
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    In:  Heidelberg, Springer, vol. V/2, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 0-08-037951-6)
    Publication Date: 1985
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Waves ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Geomagnetics ; Planetology ; solar ; system ; Bosum ; Busse ; Chapman ; Gierloff-Emden ; Haak ; Hagedorn ; Jacoby ; Lubinova ; Rucher ; Roeser ; Schmucker ; Soffel ; Stacey ; Voppel
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  • 33
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    In:  Heidelberg, Springer, vol. V/2, no. Subvol. a, pp. 220, (ISBN: 0-08-037951-6)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Waves ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Geomagnetics ; Planetology ; solar ; system ; Anderson ; Brosche ; Busse ; Dziewonski ; Groten ; von ; Herzen ; Jackson ; Janle ; Kahle ; Maelzer ; Meissner ; Mueller ; Prodehl ; Rybach ; Schneider ; Suendermann ; Waenke ; Wilhelm ; Zuern
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  • 34
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    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Physical Properties of Rocks, Heidelberg, Springer, vol. V/2, no. Subvol. a, pp. 61-83, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismology ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; Waves ; Muller ; Zuern ; Zurn
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 583-606 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; P-wave residuals ; Three-dimensional velocity inversion ; Velocity structure of Italy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Jeffreys-Bullen P and PKP travel-time residuals observed at more than 50 seismic stations distributed along Italy and surrounding areas in the time interval 1962–1979, indicate the complex velocity pattern of this region. Strong lateral velocity inhomogeneities and low velocity zones are required to explain the observed pattern of residuals. In particular, late arrivals of about 1 sec are observed in the Apenninic mountain range, requiring both greater crustal thickness and low velocity layers, coherent with seismic refraction data and surface wave dispersion measurements. The seismic stations located in the Western and Eastern Alps indicate the presence of high velocities. In the Western Alps the strong azimuthal variation of residuals and the high values of early arrivals have a close relationship to the Ivrea body, an intrusive crustal complex characterized by a velocity as high as 7–7.2 km/sec. A travel-time inversion performed with theAki et al. (1977) block model, confirms the peculiar characteristics and the sharp variations in the lithosphere of the whole Italian region, with values of velocity perturbations between many adjacent blocks, ranging in size from 50 to 100 km, and independent from the earth parametrization chosen, reaching values up to 10% in the lithospheric part and 5% in the asthenosphere. 3-D inversion requires also high velocity along the Tyrrhenian coastal margin, equivalent to an uprise of major crustal and lithospheric discontinuities along this part of the Italian peninsula. Moreover low velocity material must be present in the northern part of the Adriatic foreland, in the lithosphere-asthenosphere system, closely related to the stress and seismicity pattern, and the lateral bending of the lithosphere in the same region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 36
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    In:  New York, 1108 pp., Springer, vol. 96, pp. 225, (ISBN 0-471-95596-5)
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: FROTH ; RUB ; GMG ; 3.15.80 ; Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Waves ; Wavelet processing ; SModelling ; Dislocation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Source
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 1170-1178 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; Love waves ; Laterally nonhomogeneous layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rayleigh's principle and the concept of the local wave number have been utilised for the approximate determination of the dispersion of Love waves propagating in a laterally heterogeneous layer lying over a homogeneous half-space. The shear wave velocity and the rigidity in the surface layer have been assumed to decrease with the increase of the lateral distance from the origin. The range of validity of the dispersion equation obtained by this method has been examined critically. It was found that: (a) for existence of Love waves the minimum value of shear wave velocity in the layer must be less than that in the matter below, and (b) the phase velocity of Love waves decreases with the increase of the lateral distance from the origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 1209-1213 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; Phase velocity dispersion ; Rayleigh waves ; ‘Hedgehog’ inversion method ; Lithosphere-asthenosphere system in Europe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Long-period recordings of dispersive Rayleigh waves along numerous station lines, or ‘profiles’, in Europe have for the first time permitted a uniform inversion of these observations based on a new method of phase velocity regionalization. Regional dispersion relations obtained by this method have then been subjected to a complete inversion procedure commonly known as the ‘hedgehog’ method. The results are presented in a map outlining the thickness of the lower lithosphere (‘lid’) and the shear (S) velocities in both the ‘lid’ and the asthenosphere ‘channel’. A comparison of these results with the minimum compressional (P) wave velocities in the asthenosphere and their corresponding depths provides an estimate of theV p /V s ratio for the asthenosphere in the European area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 117 (1979), S. 1045-1049 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; Surface waves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Alsop's method (1966) for the non-normal passage of surface waves through a vertical discontinuity is improved by using a new functional to be made stationary on the plane of discontinuity. The modified functional has the dimension of an energy flux and is characterized by the discontinuous surface wave displacements and stresses on the vertical discontinuity. Model calculations which were carried out for SV-waves and Love waves show that the new version of Alsop's method yields in all respects more consistent results than the old one.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Methode von Alsop (1966) für den Durchgang von schräg einfallenden Oberflächenwellen durch eine vertikale Diskontinuität wird durch Verwendung eines neuen Funktionals, das auf der Diskontinuitätsfläche stationär sein soll, verbessert Das modifizierte Funktional hat die Dimension eines Energieflusses und wird durch diejenige Spannungs- und Verschiebungsdiskontinuität charakterisiert, die durch das Oberflächenwellenfeld auf der Diskontinuitätsfläche erzeugt wird. Modellrechnungen für SV-Wellen und Lovewellen zeigen, daß die neue Version von Alsoos Verfahren in jeder Hinsicht konsistentere Ergebnisse als die bisherige liefert.
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  • 40
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    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 1262-1273 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; African Rift ; P-wave velocity beneath Africa ; Upper mantle structure for Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract AP-wave velocity model for the upper mantle beneath eastern and southern Africa is proposed. The top 250 km of the model is characterized by relatively low velocities similar to those deduced for the upper mantle beneath the western United States of America. At greater depths, the velocities gradually change to normal mantle values.
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  • 41
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    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 1299-1306 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; Rayleigh wave dispersion ; Phase velocity of Rayleigh waves ; German Dem. Rep., Rayleigh waves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The phase velocity curve of Rayleigh-waves is determined for a profile crossing the area of GDR from south to north. Two different methods of seismogram processing are used which are discussed in detail. The phase velocities found are checked for compatibility. An inversion of a common phase velocity curve is done by using hedgehog procedure.
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  • 42
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    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 198-211 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; theoretical ; Cagniard's technique ; Elastic waves produced by shearing traction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The displacement produced in a semi-infinite, homogeneous, isotropic elastic medium by the application of shearing traction over a circular portion of the half-space has been evaluated in exact form by Cagniard's Technique (Cagniard, 1962;Gakenheimer andMiklowitz, 1969).
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  • 43
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    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 1274-1283 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; Surface-wave dispersion ; Higher mode surface waves ; Italy, phase vel. of surface waves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new method is presented for the determination of higher mode dispersion over small distances, using two stations. From an intermediate focus earthquake it has been possible to measure the dispersion of the first and second Rayleigh modes in the period range 25–35 sec and 25–70 sec respectively. Using the almost linear array of Italian long-period stations TRI, BLZ, OLB an estimate of the average errors is also made.
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  • 44
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    Pure and applied geophysics 115 (1977), S. 675-692 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; P wave residuals ; Travel-time anomalies ; Earthquake prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Mean travel-time residuals of P waves for the period 1964–1970 at stations in North America and Europe are well separated into large domains of positive and negative values. The spatial distribution of residuals in North America is in good agreement with the structure of the upper mantle obtained from Rayleigh wave dispersion and is in accord with magnitude anomalies and heat flow data. A systematic variation of residuals in time is found to be sensitive to major changes in the nature of the earthquake source distribution, as for example aftershocks, as well as to changes in methods of detection of first arrivals. Residuals at neighboring stations are correlated up to distances of the order of 2°. Half year mean residuals at stations within 2° distance from the epicenters of strong earthquakes have a sudden jump 1.5 years before the occurrence of an earthquake. A formal algorithm based on this pattern permits prediction of the times of all 16 earthquakes with magnitudeM≥7.5 occurring during the interval 1966–1972. Although the average duration of the alarm periods is about half the total time interval of the catalog, so that the algorithm has no practical importance, these results are statistically significant on a 99% level of confidence.
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  • 45
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    Pure and applied geophysics 115 (1977), S. 667-673 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; Hypocenter determination ; Focal coordinate determination ; Near earthquakes location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new computation method is described which determines the focal coordinates, theP n-andP G-velocity, the focal time and the Moho-depth in the case of near earthquakes. The method is provided especially for areas where the crustal parameters are insufficiently known. It presumes that the standard error ofP n-andP G-arrival times is a minimum. The problem turns out to represent the solution of a set of at least seven equations with seven unknown parameters. Four of these unknowns can be separated in advance. This leads to a considerable simplification. The three remaining unknowns are the focal coordinates. Their best fitting values are found by the gradient method. An example is presented which shows how errors can arise if the initial trial coordinate is chosen at an unfavourable position.
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  • 46
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    Pure and applied geophysics 115 (1977), S. 655-666 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismology ; Greece ; Plate tectonics ; Focal mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary An attempt has been made to interpret the striking difference, in focal properties, between the intermediate and shallow earthquakes in Central Greece and an observed time sequence of these shocks by a lithospheric model. This model consists of a lithospheric slab descending from the Ionian to the Aegean and a back-arc expanding Aegean lithosphere. Thrust faulting near the top surface of the slab, caused by the sinking of the slab, triggers spreading and normal faulting in the back-arc Aegean region.
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  • 47
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    In:  Professional Paper, Landolt Börnstein (6. Edition) III. Band: Astronomie und Geophysik, Berlin, Springer, vol. 7, no. XVI:, pp. 369-375, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 1952
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismicity
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    In:  Professional Paper, Landolt Börnstein (6. Edition) III. Band: Astronomie und Geophysik, Berlin, Springer, vol. 7, no. XVI:, pp. 375-384, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 1952
    Keywords: Seismology ; Waves
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