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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (25,582)
  • 1995-1999  (25,582)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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  • 2
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Within this paper we chart the link between class and the politics of Loyalism in Northern Ireland. In so doing we argue that sectarianism is a socio-cultural construct which undermines the potential for political stability. The paper analyzes the evolution of Loyalism and in so doing contends that the extreme political violence which emanated from certain paramilitary groups was conditioned by socio-economic and political alterations in Northern Ireland. The paper indicates how class relationships clearly cross-cut politics, economics, ideology and culture.
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  • 5
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Book reviewed in this articles:Gideon S. Golany Ethics and Urban Design: Culture, Form and Environment.Thomas Richards (1993) The Imperial Archive.J. M Blaut The Coloniser's Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History.Dolores Hayden, (1995) The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History.Paela Shurmer-Smith and Kevin Hannam (1994) Worlds of Desire, Realms of Power: A Cultural Geography.C. Greed, (1994) Women and Planning: Creating Gendered Realities
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  • 6
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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  • 8
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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  • 9
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: In the context of national trade union decline, this paper explores the geography of trade union organization through case study research at the Shredded Wheat Factory in Welwyn Garden City (Herfordshire, UK). This example highlights the geographical constitution of trade union traditions, focusing upon the ways in which collective practices and ideas are forged in particular places but also how trade union traditions can be translated across space, from one place to another. This translation is argued to take place in three ways: (i) through the direct migration of workers, (ii) through the “demonstration effects” of strikes, trade union defeats and the ensuing media and trade union coverage of these events, and (iii) through solidarity initiatives taken by workers themselves. Rather than understanding workers' traditions as being historical products in place, I argue they are simultaneously geographical in their constitution. Trade unionism is shown to be processual, constantly evolving in and across time and space. Through such insights the research enhances existing geographical work in the field, advocating an approach which focuses upon the agency involved in trade union organization, the processual nature of trade union organization and the importance of the spatial translation of trade union traditions.
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  • 10
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Critical geography must go beyond the spaces of power to political ecology. Human activity is necessarily ecological, and so too are politics and democracy. Thus, the regulation of environmental contradictions raises fundamental issues of democratic politics and principles of social justice. The answers to environmental crises are not to be found in the state or the market, the two leviathans, but in the ability of humans to govern themselves democratically and justly in relation to the earth. Because landscape is the sedimented history of human transformations of nature, love of landscapes and their Otherness is a testing ground for a moral and democratic relation to nature.
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  • 11
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper explores the beliefs and practices of the mythopoetic men's movement. More specifically, it focuses on the movement's adherents' representations of “racial” identity and wilderness. After introducing the movement, I argue that, a) the mythopoetic men's movement creatively reworks colonialist fantasies of non-Western societies and landscapes, and b) that this process acts to naturalize the movement's adherents' contradictory experiences of power. The paper concludes with some observations on primitivist cultural appropriation.
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  • 12
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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  • 13
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: Thomas A. Markus, Buildings and Power: Freedom and Control in the Origin of Modern Building Types. John Pickles, editor, Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems. M. Camoy, M. Castells, S. S. Cohen and F. H. Cardoso, The New Global Economy in the Information Age: Reflections on Our Changing World. Anne Power, Hovels to High Rise: State Housing in Europe Since 1850.
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  • 14
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Research on environmental racism has emphasized positive rationality. While useful for policy and legal interventions, this is problematic from a radical political and theoretical viewpoint. By examining two key research questions–is “race” or class responsible for discriminatory patterns? which came first, the people or the hazard?–I explore the implicit assumptions concerning racism within this framework. This reveals a large, pervasive set of misconceptions, including a tendency to reduce racism to overt actions, denying racism as ideology, and insisting on a fixed, unitary idea of racism. Both scholars committed to antiracism and those who challenge environmental justice activists' claims reproduce these conceptualizations.
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  • 15
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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  • 16
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Historical preservation often reveals more about contemporary culture than about history. The Alamo in San Antonio, Texas, is just such a case. No other large US city is so dominated by a single historical event, and the Alamo plays a central role as a cultural icon for regional Anglo identity, a symbol of the Anglo-dominated social hierarchy. Its preservation and restoration have coincided with modern identity formation contextualized by commodities. Thus, a critical part of this project is the development of a consumer landscape as an economic extension of the Alamo that promotes consumption by harmonizing with prevailing Anglo conceptions of ethnic identities; not simply a strategically located commercial zone, but an integral part of the pilgrimage to the monument, providing a mechanism for socialization, including “racialization”, contextualized by commodities.
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  • 17
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The gruesome murder of Elizabeth Short, a sex worker nicknamed the “Black Dahlia,” created a real-life film noir tale in postwar Los Angeles. In the unsuccessful search for her killer, the tabloid press and psychiatric “experts” indicted all forms of the open sexual expression brought on by the war as complicit. The problematic connection made at the time between the sexually dangerous woman and the corruptions of postwar Los Angeles has been reinforced in the numerous fictional retellings of the case written in the past fifteen years.
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  • 18
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: A controversial new Criminal Justice and Public Order Act in Great Britain contains measures to curb the lifestyles of a group known collectively as “New Age Travellers”. This paper examines these travellers as “folk devils” of the Conservative “New Right” on a number of levels: their lifestyle does not conform to that espoused by authoritarian or libertarian Conservatism; moreover, they violate the spatial order of contemporary British society by trespassing against the dominant social representation of the countryside — the “rural idyll”. In Parliamentary debates speakers drew on the rural idyll to defend the exclusivity of access to the countryside. Notably, whilst Gypsies were seen as having a legitimate if highly marginalized position in the rural representation, few saw any place for New Age travellers.
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  • 19
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    Antipode 28 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: Sarah A. Radcliffe and Sallie Westwood (Eds.) ‘Viva’. Women and popular protest in Latin America. J. Little, Gender, Planning and the Policy Process. Vivian Kinnaird and Derek Hall (Eds.) Tourism: A Gender Analysis. Anne Buttimer, Geography and the Human Spirit. Graham Huggan. Territorial Disputes: Maps and Mapping Strategies in Contemporary Canadian and Australian Fiction.
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  • 20
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: In the past decade a shift in ecological politics has set off a scramble to “protect” and “defend” putatively pristine ecosystems in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. This aggressive program bespeaks a new sense of manifest ecological destiny among environmental organizations and donors and has given rise to a “politics of stabilization” characterized by new forms of property and labor relationships. This paper traces the impact of ecological policies on commodity production in Gambia where communal market gardens run by women's groups are being converted into privatized orchards managed by male landholders in a state-directed, donor-funded initiative designed to meet stabilization goals. The zealous pursuit of commercial objectives has come at the expense of critical food entitlement and livelihood strategies which currently form the basis of the rural Gambian political economy. The paper uses this evidence to urge reconsidering the politics of environmental intervention.
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  • 21
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper examines the politics of land and forest rights in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). Forest mapping by government forestry planners allocates rights of resource use and land access according to forest types and economic objectives, only rarely recognizing indigenous occupancy rights or forest territories customarily claimed or managed by local people. As maps and official plans based on them ignore, and in some cases criminalize, traditional rights to forest, forest products, and forest land for temporary conversion to swidden agriculture, indigenous activists are using sketch maps to re-claim territories - a process that requires re-defining many traditional forest rights. The paper considers the political implications of mapping and the implications of a focus on land use rather than forest use.
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  • 22
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The people of the Rural Federation of Zambrana-Chacuey, in the Dominican Republic, are engaged in complex and multivalent struggles over resources in a forest and farm landscape subject to rapid land use change. Acacia mangium, a fast growing tree recently introduced as a timber cash crop, has become an object, a site and a tool of struggle in conflicts between local and state interests, and between women and men. Until recently, tree cutting has been illegal, so the government-approved acacia has reversed the role of trees from liabilities to assets in land tenure. The acacia has also begun to alter the pattern of land use, land cover, and the species composition of the region's forests, gardens, and fields, and could replace women's diverse gardens with single species blocks of timber.
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  • 23
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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  • 24
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    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This article weighs recent scientific evidence that the urbanization of Southern California has taken place during one of the most unusual episodes of climatic and seismic benignity in the last 3500 years. Official disaster and resource planning, moreover, has been based on record-keeping shorter than the temporal wavelengths of the most important landscape processes. Indeed, the “biblical” flood, fire, and earthquake disasters of the last three years may only be a prelude to seismic and climatic events of far greater magnitude. What will be the future of the Los Angeles area if Congress refuses to continue federal disaster subsidies?
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  • 25
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    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Indonesia, among the world's most culturally diverse countries, has long grappled with the issues of national unity. This paper explores the meanings of Medan Merdeka [Independence Square] in central Jakarta, Indonesia - a particular site in which symbols for the abstract ideals of political unity and national identity were constructed in an urban space honoring the struggle for national independence. These symbols, however, also expose the struggle to define “Indonesianness” within the international geopolitical milieu of the post-independence years. As such they offer a glimpse into competing interpretations of identity and the real world struggle to impose meaning on the built environment.
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  • 26
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    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Book Reviewed in this article: Doug Aberly (Ed.) Boundaries of Home: Mapping for Local Empowerment. James Duncan and David Ley (Eds.) place/culture/representation. Robin Fisher and Hugh Johnston (Eds.) From Maps to Metaphors: Charles Jencks. Heteropolis: Los Angeles, the riots and the strange beauty of hetero-architecture. J. Norwine. A Postmodern Tao: A Guide to Apprehending Ways of Meaning in Pathless Lands. Doreen Massey. Space. place and gender.
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  • 27
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    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
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  • 28
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    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
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  • 29
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    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
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  • 30
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    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
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  • 31
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    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
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  • 32
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    Antipode 27 (1995), S. 0 
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  • 33
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    Creativity and innovation management 5 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The article gives an overview of the development of creativity techniques in Germany starting with the routes in the 1960s. Typical German methods are described; namely: Brainwriting, Visual Confrontation and Morphological Techniques. Also a software-tool supporting the process of creative problem solving in all phases is presented. The last section deals with a survey in German industry showing significantly that companies applying creativity techniques more frequently and more systematically realize higher levels of business success.
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  • 34
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    Creativity and innovation management 5 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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  • 35
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    Creativity and innovation management 4 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Japan's economic miracle results from a combination of factors including governmental support for selected industries, labor factors, cultural factors, management factors, and corporate strategy. When corporate strategy is examined, it becomes clear that to Japanese firms, strategy is a market share game, with constant striving for lower costs and relative differentiation achieved largely through continuous improvement. At the core of this strategy are product and process innovation. This article describes the typical large- and medium-sized Japanese firms' innovation strategies in terms of several decisions which taken together constitute innovation strategy.
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  • 36
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    Creativity and innovation management 4 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: As the world economy begins to shift from the industrial states of the past toward marketable service orientations, the need for those adults under highly stressful circumstances to reduce their stress levels becomes imperative. The peak performer, whether in business and industry, education and teaching or any other field, should regard, accept and anticipate stress indicators by using appropriate methods to alleviate that stress before it becomes highly detrimental to employment and personal performance. The utilization of those activities we played as children can become modified tools and techniques for the stressed personality.
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  • 37
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    Creativity and innovation management 4 (1995), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 38
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    Creativity and innovation management 4 (1995), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 39
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    Creativity and innovation management 4 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: 1995 promises to become a sparkling year in the development of the European Association for Creativity and Innovation. Patrick Colemont, director of E.A.C.I., invites you to clink a glass and to propose a toast for success.
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  • 40
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    Creativity and innovation management 4 (1995), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book review in this ArticleHaridimos Tsoukas (editor), 1994, New Thinking in Organizational Behaviour: From social engineering to reflective actionPatrick D. T. O'Connor, 1994, The Practice of Engineering Management - A New ApproachJohn Naisbitt, 1994, Global Paradox: The bigger the world economy, the more powerful its Smallest PlayersBen-Zion Sandler, 1994, Computer-Aided Creativity.Louis Kraar, Seiichi Takikawa, Japanese MaverickBurkard Sievers, 1994, Work, Death and Life Itself: Essays on Management and Organization
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  • 41
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    Creativity and innovation management 5 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The inventors of creativity techniques, such as brainstorming, brainwriting, synectics, bionics, and morphological analysis, leave no doubt about the effectiveness of these instruments for generation of new ideas. But definite empirical proof is still lacking. We argue that differences in assessing the creativity techniques exist as a result of ignoring difficulties of users in coping with information behaviour. Most of the structures neglect the problem of information overload. They favour uncontrollable information generation and processing. This leads mainly to slogans, catch-phrases, and aphorisms. Complex follow-up work is required. We argue that an optimal fit is needed between the problem to be solved and the respective creativity technique.
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  • 42
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  • 43
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  • 44
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    Creativity and innovation management 4 (1995), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 45
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    Creativity and innovation management 4 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines the premise that increasing concentration of power in large, multinational organizations will eventually necessitate the political control of such organizations to ensure the interests and well-being, however defined, of their host countries. This view assumes that centralized control is necessary to prevent abuses of power by private organizations who are not necessarily concerned with the public good. Another view is the anarchist paradigm, where it is assumed that people and groups, left to sort things out among themselves, will eventually produce outcomes beneficial for the whole. Aligned with this approach is the transformational or emerging paradigm. I will examine the assumptions that underlie each paradigm and leave the reader to decide their relative validity.
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  • 46
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    Creativity and innovation management 4 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Former Socialist Central and Eastern European Countries are working to achieve economic self-sufficiency. The creation of high-value-added jobs to retain their skilled workpeople and the achievement of international economic competitiveness are major challenges they face. In this article the author proposes the strategy of regional economic development through entrepreneurial innovation, with emphasis on technological companies. The viability of this approach, and the lessons learned from it, are assessed using case study material from Poland and Ukraine.
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  • 47
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 19 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9493
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    Notes: During the last decade, more than 600,000 people have been forced to leave rural areas and migrate to regional urban centres in Colombia as a result of political violence in which guerrilla and paramilitary groups and the armed forces are the principal actors. The number of displaced people is still increasing. Nearly 60 per cent of them are women, and at least 25 per cent of the displaced households are headed by women, most of whom are widows. Focusing on three regions of the country - the northern Caribbean Coast, the central Middle Magdalena region and the Eastern Plains - the effects of forced displacement on women and men are analysed in terms of intra-household relationships, survival strategies and gender identities. The paper evaluates the gains and losses for women and men in the process of displacement. It argues that displacement has the strongest impact on women during the stage of “destruction”, while men, confronted with unemployment and loss of identity, are most affected during the stage of “reconstruction”.
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    Notes: The growing of crops on open and undeveloped spaces within urban zones in eastern and southern African cities has become an important source of food security. Urban populations have expanded without a corresponding increase in economic opportunities for employment. Economic reforms have led to the removal of subsidies on food commodities and retrenchments in the formal employment sectors. It is reported that a result of this is that vulnerable households have resorted to urban agriculture to sustain their livelihoods. Though a widespread practice, urban agriculture is not planned for or supported by urban planners and managers as a legitimate form of urban land use in Harare, Zimbabwe. As women are the main participants in urban agriculture, their activities come into direct conflict with planning provisions for urban space. This study examines the role of women in urban agriculture and views and perceptions of the use of urban space for agricultural activities in Harare. It shows that urban agriculture is useful in meeting household food needs by those who undertake it. The study offers empirical insight on the perceptions of the use of space in an urban tropical environment for agriculture, where conflicts can arise as a result of different perceptions and alternative uses.
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    Notes: This paper examines the validity of the public/private and reproductive/productive dichotomies commonly adopted in the analysis of gender and employment. It considers three aspects of the dualisms: spatial division, activity patterns and the construction of identities. The discussion is based on fieldwork undertaken in three districts of Oaxaca City, Mexico, between 1992 and 1995. While recognising the usefulness of spatial dualisms within Mexican cities, the paper seeks to identify the ways in which class and location within the urban space affect the construction of the boundary between “public” and “private”, women's “employment” experiences, and women's identities.
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    Notes: In this paper, we investigate the links between place and time, and the intersections between the geographical imagination and the historical mind. These issues are explored in the context of Singapore by looking at the links between place and three concepts usually associated with the temporal sense — history, nostalgia and heritage. We argue that the two imaginations can be simultaneously engaged by means of a focus on the concept of place. The making of a place is closely intertwined with individual biographies and collective histories; at the same time, place does not record history in an unproblematic way. We next argue that a sense of nostalgia is a yearning to return to a lost period and place and why memory is often best served by anchoring it in the materiality of place. This is precisely the case in the inscription of heritage into the concrete elements of specific sites as a state strategy to codify and naturalise its own version of heritage as part of the the everyday, visible world. In concluding, we reflect on the salience of place. While it lends itself to ideological uses by the powerful, a sense of place is also equally significant in the experiences and aspirations of a people.
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    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper explores the empirical relationship of net exports, domestic output, and foreign output. It presents evidence supporting a consumption-smoothing motive for trade in goods. Classical models of the international macroeconomy typically allow for trade in claims on both home and foreign output. This paper lends empirical support to this setup by showing that highly transitory shocks to output cause net exports from the country experiencing the shock to rise. Persistent shocks have opposite effects—a result consistent with the role persistent shocks play in signaling future investment opportunities.
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    Notes: Books reviewed in this article: Women's Voices from the Rainforest. Janet Gabriel Townsend (in collaboration with U. Arrevillaga, J. Bain, S. Cancino, S. Frenk, S. Pacheo and E. Pérez). Divisions and Solidarities: Gender, Class and Employment in Latin America. Alison MacEwen Scott. Women Wielding the Hoe: Lessons from Rural Africa for Feminist Theory and Development Practice. Deborah Fahy Bryceson (ed.). Women and Industrialisation in Asia. Susan Horton (ed.). Women and Work in South Asia. Saraswati Raju and Deipica Bagchi (eds.) ‘Male’ and ‘Female’ in Developing Southeast Asia. Wazir Jahan Karim (ed.) Women of a Lesser Cost: Female Labour, Foreign Exchange and Philippine Development. Sylvia Chant and Cathy Mcllwaine. People who Count: Population and Politics, Women and Children. Dorothy Stein. Reversed Realities. Naila Kabeer Feminism/Postmodernism/Development. Marianne Marchand and Jane Parpart (eds.) Reversing or postmodersing? New books on feminism and development
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    Notes: This paper considers some of the ways in which travellers, administrators and academics in the colonial period sought to categorise the indigenous groups of Borneo. It focuses on Sarawak and North Borneo between about 1850 and 1920, and examines the use of stereotypical images of exoticism, fear and loathing in constructing different categories of peoples in the region. The paper argues that such categorisations were important in structuring the relationships between ruler and ruled, and in the development of particular regional and local identities.
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    Notes: Rapid deforestation is a major problem throughout the tropical world. The conditions and the pace under which societies and economies of the Third World are currently evolving and growing, combined with the specificities of tropical forests, render the latter increasingly vulnerable. Among the major tropical areas of the world, Southeast Asia is perhaps the one where these conditions have had the most impact on the retreat of the forest cover over the last quarter of this century. This is illustrated through the presentation of two maps of the distribution of five basic forest formations in Southeast Asia circa 1970 and circa 1990. The maps are examined and compared, as well as confronted with statistical assessments of deforestation. Finally, the complex causes behind the retreat of the tropical forests as well as the implications of this retreat are briefly discussed.
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    Notes: The partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947 was followed by the forced uprooting of an estimated 18 million people. This paper focuses on the predicament of the minority communities in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) who were uprooted and forced to seek shelter in the Indian province of West Bengal. It considers the responses of Indian federal and provincial governments to the challenge of refugee rehabilitation. A study is made of the Dandakaranya scheme which was undertaken after 1958 to resettle the refugees by colonising forest land: the project was sited in a peninsular region marked by plateaus and hill ranges which the refugees, originally from the riverine and deltaic landscape of Bengal, found hard to accept. Despite substantial official rehabilitation efforts, the refugees demanded to be resettled back in their “natural habitat” of Indian Bengal. However, this was resisted by the state. Notwithstanding this opposition, a large number of East Bengal refugees moved back into regions which formed a part of erstwhile undivided Bengal where, without any government aid and planning, they colonised lands and created their own habitats. Many preferred to become squatters in the slums that sprawled in and around Calcutta. The complex interplay of identity and landscape, of dependence and self-help, that informed the choices which the refugees made in rebuilding their lives is analysed in the paper.
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 17 (1997), S. 0 
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    Notes: Landscape art provides a window on the world of subjective interpretation and shared perceptions of place. Portraits of places are therefore simultaneously portraits of a society, its preferences and prejudices, and the meaning it imparts to the world. In the nineteenth century, settlers in Africa felt alienated, uncomfortable, abandoned and detached, and their landscape art—both paintings and poetry—was testimony to their emotional and psychological responses to the foreign environment. Both the imported artistic techniques for portraying nat?re and the symbols populating the landscape images revealed the temperament of the pioneers’ attitudes to place.
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    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    Notes: Governments in more-developed economies partially compensate import-competing industries when world prices fall, i.e., they lean against the wind. Less-developed economies often liberalize in response to the same shock. We use a political-support maximization model with revenue motives to derive conditions under which a rational policymaker would respond to lower woild prices by reducing tariff protection for an import-competing industry. An initial tariff that exceeds the maximum revenue level proves necessary but not sufficient for politically optimal liberalization following a fall in the world price of the importable good.
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    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    Notes: This paper considers the second-best strategy of correcting a wide variety of trade distortions in a small open economy with perfect competition in all markets. Using the tools of duality, we obtain some general properties of the structure and the levels of the optimal taxlsubsidy rates. The paper also analyzes the welfare effects of unilateral piecemeal trade policy reforms when some of the quota distortions—imposed by the foreign countries—are unalterable. It is shown that the merits of unilateral trade policy reforms that are emphasized in the literature crucially depend on the absence of unalterable foreign imposed quotas.
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    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    Notes: Although conventional wisdom suggests that export growth contributes positively to economic growth, empirical studies on the causal links between exports and output have provided little support for the exportled growth hypothesis. This paper reexamines the direction of causation by handling properly two important issues in causality tests: the characteristics of the data, and the choice of optimal lags. The results of this study show that in a sample of 32 economies, the export-led hypothesis is supported by 17 economies and is strongly supported by 9 economies.
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    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    Notes: This paper introduces international capital mobility in a general-equilibrium model of a small developing economy which is characterized by a dualistic economic structure. The model is then used to analyze the positive and the normative aspects of development policies that are often recommended for achieving employment-related objectives in developing economies.
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    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    Notes: This paper examines the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis over the modern float using data on 15 OECD currencies. Evidence is presented that suggests the price levels evolve as second-difference stationary processes, i.e., integrated of order two (P1– I(2)). A necessary condition for PPP when prices are I(2) is that prices are cointegrated across countries to an I(1) relative price. In general this relative price is not the same as the simple price ratio. For some of the relationships examined, this relative price level is cointegrated with the exchange rate, implying a long-run equilibrium between nominal exchange rates and prices.
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    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Maastricht Treaty calls for a single European money in the third and final stage of European monetary integration. The purpose of this paper is to infer the preferred currency from the point of view of economic agents in each EMS country by ranking the realized distributions of returns from holding foreign currencies. These rankings are obtained using the notion of generalized stochastic dominance. The preferred currency varies with time and the portfolio considered. In all cases, the ECU is not supported as a likely dominant money.
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    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    Notes: Postwar “managed-trade” policies feature low baseline tariffs combined with selective nontariff protection. This paper interprets managed trade as a rational strategy to undermine trade-liberalization agreements in the absence of credible external enforcement. Analyzing the Kennedy GATT Round, I explore the calculus that led the United States to undermine across-the-board tariff reductions selectively by introducing nontariff barriers in industries with rapidly rising import demand. I show empirically that nontariff barrier dynamics across 216 industries support a rational-cheating interpretation of managed-trade policy.
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    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    Notes: This paper develops a model of exchange-rate dynamics characterized by inflationary expectations held with perfect foresight, sticky wages, and sluggish output adjustment. In this framework monetary expansion initially lowers interest rates because of sluggish output and price adjustment but quite surprisingly produces exchange-rate overshooting or undershooting. Moreover, after its initial depreciation in the overshooting case, the domestic currency temporarily appreciates beyond its new long-run equilibrium level. In the undershooting case, the home currency temporarily appreciates away from its new long-run equilibrium level. Finally, the dynamic real exchange rate-real interest rate relationship at times becomes inverse.
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    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    Notes: The inherent nonstationarity of the variables has led many researchers to use unit root and cointegration methodologies to analyze the PPP hypothesis. The imposition of proportionality and symmetry restrictions has been a common practice yet no explicit hypothesis tests have been conducted to determine the validity of such restrictions. Few of the studies have dealt with the presence of deterministic trends in the data. This study uses a long span of data and explicitly tests the proportionality and symmetry restrictions implied by PPP. A careful treatment of the role of deterministic trends in the data is also included.
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 16 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: An analysis of relationships between selected soil chemical properties and parameters of parent material, climate and relief was undertaken for the savanna of north central Nigeria. Step by step examination of individual properties and the environmental parameters reveals numerous invariably disparate relationships often explicable in terms of local conditions. However, an analysis of covariance involving all variables shows that variations in base elements and cation exchange capacity are more strongly related to lithology than climatic or relief parameters. Soil pH and base saturation percentage, on the other hand, are influenced more by rainfall than parent material, altitude and slope position. Temperature and slope gradient are relatively unimportant in the variability of all soil properties. On the whole, the soil properties show significantly greater values over basalt, shale and alluvium than gneiss, schist and colluvium which in turn show greater values than sandstone, granite, granite gneiss, aeolian and ironpan-rich deposits. Exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity increase with an increase in rainfall, altitude and downslope position while pH and base saturation per cent show a decreasing trend.
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    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We examine optimal industrial and trade policies in a series of dynamic oligopoly games in which a home and a foreign firm compete in R&D and output. Alternative assumptions about the timing of moves and the ability of agents to commit intertemporally are considered. We show that the home export subsidy, R&D subsidy and welfarc are higher when government commitment is credible than in the dynamically consistent equilibrium without commitment. Commitment thus yields welfare gains (though they are small) but so does unanticipated reneging, whereas reneging which is anticipated by firms yields the lowest welfare of all.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper we use the Johansen and Juselius cointegration technique and quarterly data over the period 1979–1993 to test the productivity-bias hypothesis between Korea and four of its major trading partners (Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). The results show that in all four cases the deviation of purchasing-power parity (PPP) from the equilibrium exchange rate has a long-run relationship with the productivity ratios, supporting the notion that as Korea becomes relatively more productive, the Korean won appreciates in real terms.
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    Review of international economics 4 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: When Akira Takayama passed away this winter, the economics profession lost one of its most productive and most passionate members. This memoir catalogues Professor Takayama's publications and offers some insight into his contributions and personality from a few of his colleagues.
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    Notes: Positive and normative aspects of trade policy are examined when firms offer incentive pay to workers, such as piece-rate pay and profit sharing, to deal with worker moral hazard. Protection increases the incentive pay rate. Its effect on effort depends upon the degree of labor mobility and the type of the incentive pay. In the presence of a piece-rate pay, protection induces second-order welfare losses. But in the presence of profit sharing, there is a direct impact of protection on the incentive-compatibility constraint facing firms and hence there is a first-order positive effect on welfare.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: : This paper presents a simultaneous model of fertility and female participation in Italy, estimated with a sequence of cross-sections of micro data. Cohort dummies are used to capture permanent effects, including cohort changes in preferences. The cohort effects turn out to be not very significant, the point estimates suggesting a decreasing trend in participation and an increasing trend in fertility. The wage effects are instead rather strong and significant. The model produces simulations which are close to actual trends, which would seem largely explained by wage incentives. The explanation for a particularly high elasticity of fertility with respect to female wage should ultimately be searched for in the specific differences which characterize the Italian social and institutional environment.
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    Labour 10 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: : In this article the hypothesis that a higher level of subsidized day-care facilities leads to an increase in female labour supply is tested for the Netherlands on the basis of two surveys. The results show that (allowing for the women's wage rate, her non-labour income, her age, and the presence of children) labour supply is higher when subsidized day-care supply is higher. However, after including variables that reflect social norms the effect of day-care supply on female labour supply, though still positive and significant, becomes much weaker.
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    Labour 10 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: : Various unemployment duration models are estimated on a large Norwegian dataset covering labour market history 1.1.1989-31.12.1992 for all persons who became unemployed during October 1990. As many unemployed leave the unemployment register without going directly to a job, two alternative definitions of unemployment are used — register unemployment and joblessness. The problem of heterogeneity is addressed both by partitioning the individuals into four categories by previous unemployment history, and by including a random term in the job hazard. Observed as well as unobserved heterogeneity affects the estimates of expected duration to a great extent. When gamma-distributed unobserved heterogeneity is accounted for, the estimates of duration dependence become more positive relative to models where unobserved heterogeneity is ignored. Among persons who are entitled to unemployment benefit, the duration dependence appears to be significantly positive. Alternative specifications of the baseline hazard hardly affect estimates of the effects of the covariates on duration.
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    Labour 10 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: : The 1990 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is utilized to explore the effects that the occupational crowding of immigrants has on the real wages of indigenous and non-US citizen workers already in the United States. Findings include adverse wage effects as a result of the crowding of immigrants on the following worker categories: (1) indigenous, unskilled, white or black workers and (2) non-US citizen, skilled or unskilled black workers. Foreign-born, skilled, and white workers already in the US realize a positive effect on their real wages as a result of having a large relative number of non-US citizens in their occupations.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: : This paper is an empirical analysis of the interaction between the dynamics of demand, productivity and employment in nine industrial countries: the United States, Canada, Japan, West Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Belgium, 1960-1990. Its theoretical framework derives from the Kaldorian approach to cumulative growth in both its external and internal causation versions. The model we adopt is of an integrated kind, in which foreign demand is determined endogenously and domestic demand is divided into various component parts: exogenous for the public sector and endogenous for the private. More specifically, this is carried out by describing the way the dynamics of private consumption and private investments depend on economic variables located in the spheres of distribution and of technology, so that we can consider the operations of income compensation effects induced by technological change — via changes in income and its social distribution — as well as price compensation effects— the higher competitiveness of national products in foreign markets — mediated through the dynamics of exports.
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9965
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: This paper introduces a method for constructing option hedging strategies in the presence of transaction costs. the approach begins with the prescription of a large, but tractable class of strategies. A variational problem is constructed in which the expected square replication error is minimized subject to a fixed initial portfolio value from among the class of strategies. the solution of this variational problem results in a replicating strategy which simulations show outperforms strategies previously considered. We illustrate this method in a particular class of strategies which contains Leland's discrete time replication scheme. We show that a strategy which uses varying time intervals between hedging can significantly reduce replication error for a given initial wealth. We will also construct and assess strategies obtained by optimizing a mean-variance criterion. This methodology extends to other optimization problems involving initial portfolio value and expected square replication error, as well as to other classes of strategies.
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents a consistent and arbitrage-free multifactor model of the term structure of interest rates in which yields at selected fixed maturities follow a parametric muitivariate Markov diffusion process with “stochastic volatility.” the yield of any zero-coupon bond is taken to be a maturity-dependent affine combination of the selected “basis” set of yields. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the stochastic model for this affine representation. We include numerical techniques for solving the model, as well as numerical techniques for calculating the prices of term-structure derivative prices. the case of jump diffusions is also considered.
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  • 85
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Barrier options have become increasingly popular over the last few years. Less expensive than standard options, they may provide the appropriate hedge in a number of risk management strategies. In the case of a single-barrier option, the valuation problem is not very difficult (see Merton 1973 and Goldman, Sosin, and Gatto 1979). the situation where the option gets knocked out when the underlying instrument hits either of two well-defined boundaries is less straightforward. Kunitomo and Ikeda (1992) provide a pricing formula expressed as the sum of an infinite series whose convergence is studied through numerical procedures and suggested to be rapid. We follow a methodology which proved quite successful in the case of Asian options (see Geman and Yor 1992,1993) and which has its roots in some fundamental properties of Brownian motion. This methodology permits the derivation of a simple expression of the Laplace transform of the double-barrir price with respect to its maturity date. the inversion of the Laplace transform using techniques developed by Geman and Eydeland (1995), is then fairly easy to perform.
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  • 86
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Stochastic dominance (SD) is a very useful tool in various areas of economics and finance. the purpose of this paper is to provide the results of SD relations developed in other areas such as applied probability which, we believe, are useful for many portfolio selection problems. In particular, the bivariate characterization of SD relations given by Shanthikumar and Yao (1991) is a powerful tool for the demand and the shift effect problems in optimal portfolios. the method enables one to extend many results that hold for the case where the underlying lying assets are statistically independent to the dependent case directly.
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  • 87
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9965
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: We study the pricing of American options on two stocks without expiration date and with payoff functions which are positively homogeneous with respect to the two stock prices. Examples of such options are the perpetuai Margrabe option, whose payoff is the amount by which one stock outperforms the other, and the perpetual maximum option, whose payoff is the maximum of the two stock prices Our approach to pricing such options is to take advantage of their stationary nature and apply the optional sampling theorem to two martingales constructed with respect to the risk-neutral measure the optimal exercise boundaries, which do not vary with respect to the time variable, are determined by the smooth pasting or high contact condition the martingale approach avoids the use of differential equations.
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  • 88
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: In markets where dealers play a central role, bid-ask spreads inhibit asset valuation as defined by the formation cost of a replicating portfolio. We introduce a nonlinear valuation formula similar to the usual expectation with respect to the risk-adjusted probability measure. This formula expresses the asset's selling and buying prices set by dealers as the Choquet integrals of their random payoffs We investigate several price puzzles: the violation of the put-call parity and the fact that the components of a security can sell at a premium to the underlying security (primes and scores).
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  • 89
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9965
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: In the stochastic volatility framework of Hull and White (1987), we characterize the so-called Black and Scholes implied volatility as a function of two arguments the ratio of the strike to the underlying asset price and the instantaneous value of the volatility By studying the variation m the first argument, we show that the usual hedging methods, through the Black and Scholes model, lead to an underhedged (resp. overhedged) position for in-the-money (resp out-of the-money) options, and a perfect partial hedged position for at the-money options These results are shown to be closely related to the smile effect, which is proved to be a natural consequence of the stochastic volatility feature the deterministic dependence of the implied volatility on the underlying volatility process suggests the use of implied volatility data for the estimation of the parameters of interest A statistical procedure of filtering (of the latent volatility process) and estimation (of its parameters) is shown to be strongly consistent and asymptotically normal.
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: In this paper we address existence of equilibria in an incomplete markets economy with countably many periods and a continuum of states at each node of the infinite tree. We consider two models: one where agents have to honor their commitments and another where default is allowed. In both models, marginal utility of income, at each node, is shown to be bounded, and we prove existence by taking finite-dimensional approximations and applying Fatou's lemma sequentially.
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  • 91
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: We consider a pure exchange economy consisting of a single risky asset whose dividend drift rate is modeled as an Omstein-Uhlenbeck process, and a representative agent with power-utility who, in equilibrium, consumes the dividend paid by the risky asset. Endogenously determined interest rates are found to be of the Vasicek (1977) type the mean and variance of the equilibrium stock price are stochastic and have mean-reverting components A closed-form solution for a standard call option is determined for the case of log-utility. Equilibrium values have interesting implications for the equity premium puzzle observed by Mehra and Prescott (1985)
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: The general equilibrium model with incomplete markets is here extended to infinite horizon economies populated by a finite number of infinitely lived agents. the crucial issue that divides the infinite horizon setting from the finite horizon setting is in the nature of borrowing constraints, which added to spot constraints, define a plausible budget set for individual agents. the paper relates seven alternative definitions of equilibrium and states corresponding equilibrium existence theorems when assets are one-period and purely financial.
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  • 93
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: We derive a formula for the minimal initial wealth needed to hedge an arbitrary contingent claim in a continuous-time model with proportional transaction costs; the expression obtained can be interpreted as the supremum of expected discounted values of the claim, over all (pairs of) probability measures under which the “wealth process” is a supermartingale. Next, we prove the existence of an optimal solution to the portfolio optimization problem of maximizing utility from terminal wealth in the same model, we also characterize this solution via a transformation to a hedging problem: the optimal portfolio is the one that hedges the inverse of marginal utility evaluated at the shadow state-price density solving the corresponding dual problem, if such exists. We can then use the optimal shadow state-price density for pricing contingent claims in this market. the mathematical tools are those of continuous-time martingales, convex analysis, functional analysis, and duality theory.
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: This paper addresses the problem of estimating and analyzing the residual risk that is not hedged by a discrete hedging strategy. the use of die chaotic representation allows an elegant decomposition of the residual risk to be hedged by adequate assets. Alternative strategies to the classical delta hedging and optimization under the risk-neutral and historical probabilities are discussed.
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  • 95
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: In a stochastic volatility model, the no-free-lunch assumption does not induce a unique arbitrage price because of market incompleteness. In this paper, we consider a contingent claim on the primitive asset, traded in zero net supply. Given a system of Arrow-Debreu state prices, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for consistency with an intertemporal additive equilibrium model that we fully characterize. We show that the risk premia corresponding to the minimal martingale of Föllmer and Schweizer (1991) are consistent with logarithmic preferences, while the Hull and White model (1987) (volatility risk premium independent of the asset price) is consistent with a class of utility functions including constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) ones.
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9965
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: We consider the problem of pricing path-dependent contingent claims. Classically, this problem can be cast into the Black-Scholes valuation framework through inclusion of the path-dependent variables into the state space. This leads to solving a degenerate advection-diffusion partial differential equation (PDE). We first estabilish necessary and sufficient conditions under which degenerate diffusions can be reduced to lower-dimensional nondegenerate diffusions. We apply these results to path-dependent options. Then, we describe a new numerical technique, called forward shooting grid (FSG) method, that efficiently copes with degenerate diffusion PDEs. Finally, we show that the FSG method is unconditionally stable and convergent. the FSG method is the first capable of dealing with the early exercise condition of American options. Several numerical examples are presented and discussed./〉
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Ross (1976) has shown, in a static framework, how options can complete financial markets. This paper examines the possible extensions of Ross's idea in a dynamic setup. Surprisingly enough, we find that the answer is very sensitive to the choice of the stochastic model for the underlying security returns. More specifically we obtain the following results: In a discrete-time model, classical European options typically become redundant with some probability (Proposition 2.1). Obnly path dependent (“exotic”) options may generate dynamic spanning (Proposition 4.1). In a continuous-time model with stochastic volatility of the underlying security, and under reasonable assumptions, a European option is always a good instrument for completing markets (Proposition 5.2).
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9965
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: This paper derives a closed-form solutin for the price of the European and semi-Amirican callable bond for two popular one-factor models of the term structure of interest rates which have been proposed by Vasicek as well as Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross. the price is derived by means of repeated use of Green's function, which, in turn, is derived from a series solution of the partial differential equation to value a discount bond. the boundary conditions which lead to the well-known formulae for the price of a discount bond are also identified. the algorithm to implement the explicit solution relies on numerical quadrature involving Green's function. It offers both higher accuracy and higher speed of computation than finite difference methods, which suffer from numerical instabilites due to discontinuous boundary values. For suitably small time steps, the proposed algorithm can also be applied to American callable bonds or to any American-type option with Green's function being explicitly known.
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    Mathematical finance 6 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9965
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    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this note is to analyze the diffusion coefficient estimator suggested by Chesney, Elliott, Madan, and Yang (1993). I start by correcting their formula (4.1), and by showing that their procedure is a member of a class of estimators sharing the same Milstein approximation. I then show how to select the minimum variance estimator (for constant μσ) within a two-parameter subclass of procedures which do not depend on the current realization of the process. I also show that if μ is small the best procedure only allows moderate reduction in variance with respect to the classical quadratic variation estimator (which is a member of the same class). the note concludes by highlighting the fact that the empirical use of the filtered volatilities poses an error in variables problem which can be addressed using instrumental variables methods.
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