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  • 1
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    Sur l'eau normale méditerraneenne: 1ère partie: Historique, discussion des méthodes, propositions (2016)
    Station Océanographique de Salammbô | Paris, France
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: La détermination de la chloruration des eaux de mer est effectuée depuis de nombreuses années par la méthode volémetrisque de Moher.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Volumetric analysis ; Sea water ; Chemistry ; Density ; Water density ; Chlorination ; Methodology ; Marine
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings , Refereed
    Format: 28pp.
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    [Perspective] Molecular sieves for gas separation (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-07-08
    Beschreibung: Separation and purification are critical industrial processes for separating components of chemical mixtures, and these processes account for about half of industrial energy usage (1). Gas mixtures of compounds with very similar physical properties are particularly difficult to separate. On pages 137 and 141 of this issue, Cadiau et al. (2) and Cui et al. (3), respectively, show that microporous materials can be designed to have high adsorption capacity and selectivity for particular hydrocarbons, enabling energy-efficient separation. Author: Jerry Y. S. Lin
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    [Perspective] How to break down crystalline cellulose (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-05-27
    Beschreibung: Biomass-degrading microorganisms use lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) enzymes to help digest cellulose, chitin, and starch. By cleaving otherwise inaccessible crystalline cellulose chains, these enzymes provide access to hydrolytic enzymes. LPMOs are of interest to biotechnology because efficient depolymerization of cellulose is a major bottleneck for the production of biologically based chemicals and fuels. On page 1098 of this issue, Kracher et al. (1) compare LPMO-reducing substrates in fungi from different taxonomic groups and lifestyles, based on both biochemical and genomic evidence. The results provide insights into reductive activation of LPMO that are important for developing more efficient industrial enzymes for lignocellulose biorefineries. Author: Angel T. Martínez
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    [Editors' Choice] Engineering open structures using DNA (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-25
    Beschreibung: Author: Marc S. Lavine
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Quantum interference and diradicals [Chemistry] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-27
    Beschreibung: An empirical observation of a relationship between a striking feature of electronic transmission through a π-system, destructive quantum interference (QI), on one hand, and the stability of diradicals on the other, leads to the proof of a general theorem that relates the two. Subject to a number of simplifying assumptions,...
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Digitale ISSN: 1091-6490
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    [This Week in Science] Synthetic twists among lipids (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-29
    Beschreibung: Author: Jake Yeston
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    [This Week in Science] Temporarily caught in a bind (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-18
    Beschreibung: Author: Marc S. Lavine
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    [Perspective] Quantum dynamics in the smallest water droplet (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-18
    Beschreibung: Water plays a central role in scientific disciplines ranging from geology to astronomy to biology. Yet it is an extraordinarily dif cult liquid to understand because of its complex, ever-changing patterns of hydrogen bonds. Studies of small water clusters have provided important insights into the concerted hydrogen-bond motions that can occur in water. These studies are also crucial for developing an accurate potential function for simulating the properties of liquid water and ice (1). On page 1310 of this issue, Richardson et al. (2) provide evidence for a concerted type of motion in which two hydrogen bonds in a water cluster are broken simultaneously (see the figure). The results have implications for many areas of scientific study, including the chemistry of polar solvents, the conformations of proteins, and the dissolution of ions in minerals. Author: David C. Clary
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    [Editors' Choice] Beyond blank slates in the lab notebook (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-18
    Beschreibung: Author: Jake Yeston
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    [Perspective] Surprised by selectivity (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-04
    Beschreibung: Lower olefins, particularly ethylene (C2H4), propylene (C3H6), and butylene (C4H8), are important intermediates in the manufacture of products such as plastics, solvents, paints, and medicines. They are produced worldwide in amounts exceeding 200 million tons per year (see the photo) (1), mostly from crude oil. More recent approaches use methanol or synthesis gas (syngas; a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) as feedstocks, but capital investments are high and/or selectivities to lower olefins limited. A bifunctional catalyst reported by Jiao et al. on page 1065 of this issue (2) enables the direct conversion of synthesis gas to lower olefins with a surprisingly high selectivity. Author: Krijn P. de Jong
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 11
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    Ligand-accelerated enantioselective methylene C(sp3)-H bond activation (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-09-02
    Beschreibung: Effective differentiation of prochiral carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds on a single methylene carbon via asymmetric metal insertion remains a challenge. Here, we report the discovery of chiral acetyl-protected aminoethyl quinoline ligands that enable asymmetric palladium insertion into prochiral C–H bonds on a single methylene carbon center. We apply these palladium complexes to catalytic enantioselective functionalization of β-methylene C–H bonds in aliphatic amides. Using bidentate ligands to accelerate C–H activation of otherwise unreactive monodentate substrates is crucial for outcompeting the background reaction driven by substrate-directed cyclopalladation, thereby avoiding erosion of enantioselectivity. The potential of ligand acceleration in C–H activation is also demonstrated by enantioselective β-C–H arylation of simple carboxylic acids without installing directing groups.
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    [Editors' Choice] Sourcing hydrogen directly from wax (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-11-04
    Beschreibung: Author: Jake Yeston
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 13
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    [Editors' Choice] A pair of tablemates for aromatic benzene (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-09-09
    Beschreibung: Author: Jake Yeston
    Schlagwort(e): Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 14
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    [Editors' Choice] A clean combination of CO and amines (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-11-25
    Beschreibung: Author: Jake Yeston
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 15
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    [Perspective] Ammonia activation at a metal (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-11-11
    Beschreibung: Although ammonia (NH3) is made on a vast scale for use in fertilizers, its use as a chemical feedstock or as an energy carrier is much more limited. Many reactions that occur easily with its substitution products (amines) are sluggish for NH3, in part because of the difficulty of activating the N-H bond. For fuel cells, NH3 is attractive because it does not generate greenhouse gases, as do methanol and methane (1), and is more easily stored than hydrogen (H2). Amine-containing organic molecules are used in pharmaceutical and materials applications, and accessing these structures directly from ammonia could limit the generation of by-products during their synthesis (2). Bringing NH3 up to speed for these applications will require both the development of catalysts that can activate the strong N–H bond of ammonia and a fundamental understanding of the N–H bond cleavage step. On page 730 of this issue, Bezdek et al. (3) report a molybdenum complex capable of weakening the N–H bond of NH3 and releasing a H atom to generate H2 under mild conditions. Author: Jessica Hoover
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 16
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    [This Week in Science] Coordinated scission of N–H or O–H bonds (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-11-11
    Beschreibung: Author: Jake Yeston
    Schlagwort(e): Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 17
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    Enantioselective cyanation of benzylic C-H bonds via copper-catalyzed radical relay (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-09-02
    Beschreibung: Direct methods for stereoselective functionalization of sp 3 -hybridized carbon–hydrogen [C(sp 3 )–H] bonds in complex organic molecules could facilitate much more efficient preparation of therapeutics and agrochemicals. Here, we report a copper-catalyzed radical relay pathway for enantioselective conversion of benzylic C–H bonds into benzylic nitriles. Hydrogen-atom abstraction affords an achiral benzylic radical that undergoes asymmetric C(sp 3 )–CN bond formation upon reaction with a chiral copper catalyst. The reactions proceed efficiently at room temperature with the benzylic substrate as limiting reagent, exhibit broad substrate scope with high enantioselectivity (typically 90 to 99% enantiomeric excess), and afford products that are key precursors to important bioactive molecules. Mechanistic studies provide evidence for diffusible organic radicals and highlight the difference between these reactions and C–H oxidations mediated by enzymes and other catalysts that operate via radical rebound pathways.
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 18
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    A highly active and stable IrOx/SrIrO3 catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-09-02
    Beschreibung: Oxygen electrochemistry plays a key role in renewable energy technologies such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, but the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limit the performance and commercialization of such devices. Here we report an iridium oxide/strontium iridium oxide (IrO x /SrIrO 3 ) catalyst formed during electrochemical testing by strontium leaching from surface layers of thin films of SrIrO 3 . This catalyst has demonstrated specific activity at 10 milliamps per square centimeter of oxide catalyst (OER current normalized to catalyst surface area), with only 270 to 290 millivolts of overpotential for 30 hours of continuous testing in acidic electrolyte. Density functional theory calculations suggest the formation of highly active surface layers during strontium leaching with IrO 3 or anatase IrO 2 motifs. The IrO x /SrIrO 3 catalyst outperforms known IrO x and ruthenium oxide (RuO x ) systems, the only other OER catalysts that have reasonable activity in acidic electrolyte.
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 19
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    [This Week in Science] Cooperation between frustrated partners (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-12-09
    Beschreibung: Author: Jake Yeston
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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